La thèse propose une analyse du Minos, court dialogue du Corpus Platonicum considéré comme apocryphe à partir du XIXème siècle. Ce dialogue pose la question de la définition de la loi et fait l’éloge de la figure de Minos en tant que roi et législateur. En le resituant dans son contexte historique au-delà de toute question d’authenticité, l’étude se propose de restituer au dialogue son organicité et son unité, qui lui sont niées par les études qui considèrent le dialogue comme le sous-produit d’un imitateur. L’étude se compose de trois noyaux. D’abord, une étude sémantique de l’argumentation, fondée sur des jeux étymologisants entre nomos, nomizein, dianemein, nemein, nomeus, permet à la fois de retracer l’unité et la subtilité de l’argumentation du dialogue et d’entamer une réflexion sur l’étymologie comme méthode argumentative utilisée par Platon et attestée dans d’autres dialogues apocryphes. Ensuite, une étude des trois définitions de la loi présentes dans le dialogue mène à une discussion sur les ressemblances et les différences entre le Minos et les grands dialogues politiques du corpus, République, Politique et Lois. Enfin, l’étude de l’éloge du roi Minos permet de voir les éléments communs au Minos et aux Lettres et de situer le dialogue dans un contexte précis : au IVème siècle, lorsque surgit un nouvel intérêt pour les figures monarchiques, et en particulier dans le contexte de l’Académie ancienne. L’éloge qui fait de la figure de Minos (perçu comme un tyran dans la société athénienne) un roi-législateur fondateur des meilleures lois grecques apparaît comme un manifeste de l’entreprise des réformes des tyrannies commencée par Platon et continuée par les Académiciens après sa mort. Les trois analyses aboutissent toutes à la même conclusion : le Minos peut être considéré comme l’une des premières exégèses des dialogues politiques de Platon dans le cadre de l’Académie. Cette exégèse présuppose une « lecture » de la lettre figée des dialogues authentiques et en reprend les concepts, les images et les méthodes dans une forme qui en est déjà une fixation et une schématisation, dans un contexte politique sensible au renouveau de la figure royale. Enfin, la ressemblance entre le Minos et nombre de fragments attribués à Archytas permet de considérer le Minos comme un hypo-texte fondamental dans la formation des écrits politiques pseudo-pythagoriciens. / This dissertation analyzes ps.-platonic Minos, a short dialogue transmitted within the Corpus Platonicum, whose authenticity has been questioned since the 19th century. Minos is centered on the definition of “law” and praises the mythical figure of Minos as a king and a lawmaker. This study replaces the dialogue in its historical context and argues for its philosophical and argumentative coherence. It covers three main points. First, a semantic study of the modes of argumentation used in Minos shows the important role played by etymology as an argumentative method. Second, the study of the three definitions of law provided by the dialogue allows for a comparison between Minos, Republic, Statesman, and Laws. Finally, the study of king Minos’ praise points to the 4th century BC and to the Ancient Academy as the historical context for the production of this text. Therefore, Minos can be considered as one of the first exegeses of Plato’s political dialogues produced within the Academy.

Orientadores: Carlos Ourivio Escobar, Amir Ordacgi Caldeira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:52:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coelho_JoaodeAbreuBarbosa_D.pdf: 8877509 bytes, checksum: fb8787302605bdb88dd855ddc2b5351f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A oscilação de neutrinos é um modelo muito bem sucedido em explicar uma grande variedade de experimentos. O modelo se embasa na premissa de que os neutrinos que interagem através da força fraca por corrente carregada não são autoestados de massa, mas uma superposição destes. De forma geral, a superposição em sistemas quânticos está sujeita a perda de coerência de forma que estados puros tendem a estados mistos. Esse tipo de evolução não é possível no contexto de sistemas quânticos isolados pois a evolução é unitária e, portanto, invariante por inversão temporal. A quebra da unitariedade permite que uma seta do tempo seja introduzida e o efeito característico para os neutrinos é o amortecimento das oscilações. Investigamos aqui alguns modelos fenomenológicos de descoerência e decaimento que podem ser observados por MINOS, um experimento de oscilação de neutrinos que consiste em medir o uxo de neutrinos produzidos num acelerador de partículas a 735 km de distância. Para esta tese, analisamos o desaparecimento de neutrinos muônicos em MINOS. Informações de outros experimentos são utilizadas para restringir o número de parâmetros de forma que apenas um parâmetro extra é introduzido para cada modelo. Adotamos uma dependência energética em forma de lei de potência para o parâmetro de descoerência. A simulação e software ociais do experimento MINOS são utilizados para obter a sensibilidade do experimento aos efeitos de quebra de unitariedade considerados / Abstract: The neutrino oscillation model is very successful in explaining a large variety of experiments. The model is based on the premise that the neutrinos that interact through the weak force via charged current are not mass eigenstates, but a superposition of them. In general, a quantum superposition is subject to loss of coherence, so that pure states tend toward mixed states. This type of evolution is not possible within the context of isolated quantum systems because the evolution is unitary and, therefore, is invariant under time reversal. By breaking unitarity, an arrow of time is introduced and the characteristic effect for neutrinos is a damping of oscillations. In this thesis, some phenomonological decoherence and decay models are investigated, which could be observed by MINOS, a neutrino oscillation experiment that consists of measuring the neutrino ux produced in a particle accelerator 735 km away. We analyse the disappearance of muon neutrinos in MINOS. Information from other experiments is used to constrain the number of parameters, leaving only one extra parameter in each model. We assume a power law energy dependence of the decoherence parameter. The o-cial MINOS software and simulation are used to obtain the experiment's sensitivities to the eects of unitarity breaking considered / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

MINOS is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. It consists of two large steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters. The near detector is situated at Fermilab, close to the production point of the NuMI muon-neutrino beam. The far detector is 735 km away, 716 m underground in the Soudan mine, Northern Minnesota. The primary purpose of the MINOS experiment is to make precise measurements of the "atmospheric" neutrino oscillation parameters (Δm²_atm and sin²2θ_atm). The oscillation signal consists of an energy-dependent deficit of v_μ interactions in the far detector. The near detector is used to characterize the properties of the beam before oscillations develop. The two-detector design allows many potential sources of systematic error in the far detector to be mitigated by the near detector observations. This thesis describes the details of the v_μ-disappearance analysis, and presents a new technique to estimate the hadronic energy of neutrino interactions. This estimator achieves a significant improvement in the energy resolution of the neutrino spectrum, and in the sensitivity of the neutrino oscillation fit. The systematic uncertainty on the hadronic energy scale was re-evaluated and found to be comparable to that of the energy estimator previously in use. The best-fit oscillation parameters of the v_μ-disappearance analysis, incorporating this new estimator were: Δm² = 2.32^+0.12_-0.08 x 10^-3eV² sin²2θ > 0.90 (90% C.L.). A similar analysis, using data from a period of running where the NuMI beam was operated in a configuration producing a predominantly V‾_μ beam, yielded somewhat different best-fit parameters Δ‾m² = (3.36^+0.46_-0.40 (stat.}) ± 0.06(syst.)) x 10^-3eV², sin²2‾θ =0.86^+0.11_-0.12(stat.) ± 0.01(syst.). The tension between these results is intriguing, and additional antineutrino data is currently being taken in order to further investigate this apparent discrepancy.

The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) is a long baseline experiment that was built for studying the neutrino oscillation phenomena. The MINOS experiment uses high intensity muon neutrino and antineutrino beams created by Neutrinos at the Main Injector facility (NuMI) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab). Neutrino interactions are recorded by two sampling steel-scintillator tracking calorimeters: 0.98 kton Near Detector at Fermilab, IL and 5.4 kton Far Detector at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, MN. These two detectors are functionally identical, which helps to reduce the systematic uncertainties in the muon neutrino and antineutrino disappearance measurements. The Near Detector, located 1.04 km from the neutrino production target, is used to measure the initial beam composition and neutrino energy proximal to the neutrino source. The collected data at the Near Detector is then used to predict energy spectrum in the Far Detector. By comparing this prediction to collected data at the Far Detector, which is 735 km away from the target, it enables a measurement of a set of parameters that govern the neutrino oscillation phenomenon. The flexibility of the NuMI beam configuration and the magnetization of the MINOS detectors facilitate the identification of v[subscript mu] and v̄[subscript mu] charged-current interactions on an event-by-event basis. This enables one to measure neutrino and antineutrino oscillation parameters independently and therefore allows us to test the CPT symmetry in the lepton sector. To enhance the sensitivity of the oscillation parameters measurement, a number of techniques have been implemented. Event classification, shower energy estimation and energy resolution bin fitting, which are described in this dissertation, are three of these techniques. Moreover, the most stringent constraints on oscillation parameters can be achieved by combining multiple data sets. This dissertation reports the measurement of antineutrino oscillation parameters using the complete MINOS accelerator and atmospheric data set of charged-current v̄[subscript mu] events. / text

MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) experiment has been designed to search for a change in the avor composition of a beam of muon neutrinos as they travel between the Near Detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the Far Detector in the Soudan mine in Minnesota, 735 km from the target. The MINOS oscillation analysis is mainly performed with the charged current (CC) events and sensitive to constrain high-delta m2 values. However, the quasi-elastic (QEL) charged current interaction is dominant in the energy region important to access low-delta m2 values. For further improvement, the QEL oscillation analysis is performed in this dissertation. A data sample based on a total of 2.50 x 1020 POT is used for this analysis. In summary, 55 QEL-like events are observed at the Far detector while 87.06 +/- 13.17 (syst:) events are expected with null oscillation hypothesis. These data are consistent with vm disappearance via oscillation with delta m2 = 2.10 +/- 0.37 (stat:) +/- 0.24 (syst:) eV2 and the maximal mixing angle.

In this paper, I examine the treatments of law contained within Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics and Plato’s Minos. I find that both offer powerful and complementary critiques of law, while recognizing law’s power and promise in shaping the character and opinions of each citizen. The Minos, though, goes further than the Ethics in describing and examining the possibility of divine law that transcends the limitations of merely human laws. / text

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T13:03:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Michelle Mesquita de Medeiros - 2015.pdf: 11143375 bytes, checksum: a92992a09fff29dbf23fddec60369e77 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T13:05:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Michelle Mesquita de Medeiros - 2015.pdf: 11143375 bytes, checksum: a92992a09fff29dbf23fddec60369e77 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-20T13:05:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Michelle Mesquita de Medeiros - 2015.pdf: 11143375 bytes, checksum: a92992a09fff29dbf23fddec60369e77 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-07 / The MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) and MINOS+ experiments were designed to study neutrino oscillations using a muon neutrino beam which is detected in two different locations, in the Near Detector and in the Far Detector. The distance between the detectors allows the beam neutrinos to oscillate to a different flavor. Therefore, a disappearance of the muon neutrinos from the beam is observed in the Far Detector. The Far Detector has a special apparatus which makes possible the selection of atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos. These come from interactions of cosmic rays with the Earth’s atmosphere. Both detectors have a magnetic field, allowing the distiction between neutrinos and antineutrinos interactions. This thesis presents the first combined analysis of data from the MINOS and MINOS+ experiments. We have analyzed the combined neutrino energy spectrum from the complete MINOS beam data and the first, more energetic, MINOS+ beam data. The disappearance of the muon neutrinos was observed and the data has shown to be congruent with the oscillation model. Beyond that, we have measured the atmospheric oscillation parameters of the beam and atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos from MINOS combined with the atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos from MINOS+. Assuming the same oscillation parameters for both neutrinos and antineutrinos, the best fit is obtained for inverted hierarchy and lower octant with m2 32 = 2:37 10􀀀3 eV2 and sin2 23 = 0:43, and the limits m2 32 = [2,29 - 2,49] 10􀀀3 eV2 (68%) and sin2 23 = 0.36 - 0.66 (90%). These results are the most precise measurement of the neutrinos mass splitting using muon neutrino disappearance data only. / Os experimentos MINOS (Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search) e MINOS+ foram projetados para o estudo da oscilação de neutrinos por meio do uso de um feixe de neutrinos muônicos que é detectado em dois diferentes locais, no Near Detector e no Far Detector. A distância entre os dois detectores permite com que os neutrinos do feixe oscilem para outro sabor de neutrino, observando-se um “desaparecimento” de neutrinos muônicos no Far Detector. Além disso, este detector possui aparatos especiais que possibilitam a seleção de neutrinos e antineutrinos atmosféricos, os quais são provenientes das interações de raios cósmicos com a atmosfera terrestre. Ambos detectores possuem um campo magnético que proporciona meios para a distinção das interações de neutrinos e antineutrinos. Esta tese apresenta a primeira análise combinada de dados dos experimentos MINOS e MINOS+. Foi realizada uma análise do espectro de energia dos neutrinos considerando dados completos do feixe do experimento MINOS combinados com os primeiros dados do feixe mais energético do experimento MINOS+. Observou-se o desaparecimento dos neutrinos muônicos do feixe e os dados se mostraram condizentes com o modelo de oscilação. Além disso, realizou-se a medida dos parâmetros de oscilação atmosféricos dos neutrinos empregando-se o modelo de três sabores incluindo efeitos de matéria para dados de neutrinos e antineutrinos atmosféricos e do feixe do MINOS, combinados com os dados de neutrinos e antineutrinos atmosféricos do MINOS+. Assumindo mesmos parâmetros de oscilação para ambos neutrinos e antineutrinos, o melhor ajuste obtido foi para hierarquia invertida e octante inferior em m2 32 = 2;37 10􀀀3 eV2 e sin2 23 = 0;43, com limites m2 32 = [2,29 - 2,49] 10􀀀3 eV2 (68%) e sin2 23 = 0,36 - 0,66 (90%). Estes resultados representam a medida mais precisa já realizada do parâmetro de massa dos neutrinos usando somente dados de desaparecimento de neutrinos muônicos.

MINOS (mitochondrial inner membrane organizing structure) ist ein großer hetero-oligomerer Protein-Komplex in der inneren Mitochondrienmembran, der ursprünglich in Mitochondrien von Hefezellen identifiziert wurde. In diesen Zellen wurden die Komponenten des Komplexes an Cristae Junctions angereichert gefunden und es wurde gezeigt, dass sie für die Aufrechterhaltung dieser Verbindungen zwischen der inneren Grenzflächenmembran und der Cristae eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Zusätzlich wurde spekuliert, ob der MINOS-Komplex eine zentrale Komponente eines die Mitochondrien umschließenden Proteinnetzwerkes ist, das die Struktur und Funktion der Mitochondrien kontrolliert. Über die Anordnung der Komponenten dieses Komplexes in Mitochondrien ist bisher jedoch wenig bekannt. Durch überauflösende Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (Nanoskopie; super-resolution microscopy) wurde in dieser Arbeit die Lokalisation von zentralen Komponenten sowie von Interaktionspartnern des MINOS-Komplexes in Säugerzellen untersucht und es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Kern-Komponenten des Komplexes in einzelnen, distinkten Clustern lokalisiert sind, die einen Dichtegradienten vom Zentrum zum Rand der Zellen hin aufweisen. Es konnte außerdem gezeigt werden, dass MINOS-Cluster in adhärenten Säugerzellen hochgeordnet und parallel zur Wachstumsoberfläche ausgerichtet sind. Interaktionspartner des MINOS-Komplexes wiesen jedoch keine solche Organisation auf und waren unterschiedlich lokalisiert. Durch quantitative Immuno-Elektronenmikroskopie wurde festgestellt, dass das humane Mitofilin an Cristae Junctions lokalisiert ist und durch Elektronen-Tomographie konnte belegt werden, dass die Cristae in den untersuchten Zellen hoch organisiert sind und die Cristae Junctions eine der MINOS-Cluster entsprechende geordnete Ausrichtung parallel zur Wachstumsebene aufweisen. Somit konnte gezeigt werden, dass der MINOS-Komplex in Mitochondrien der untersuchten humanen Zellen in distinkten Clustern an Cristae Junctions lokalisiert ist und ein unerwartet hohes Maß an Organisation aufweist, was eine zentrale Rolle dieses Komplexes in der Regulation vieler weiterer mitochondrialer Funktionen wahrscheinlich macht.

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