The ever-increasing need for higher bandwidth and density is one of the motivations for extensive research on planar optoelectronic structures on printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. Among these applications, optical interconnects have received considerable attention in the last decade. Several optical interconnect techniques, such as free space, guided wave, board level and fiber array interconnects, have been introduced for system level applications. In all planar optoelectronic systems, optical waveguides are crucial elements that facilitate signal routing. Low propagation loss, high reliability and manufacturability are among the requirements of polymer optical waveguides and polymer passive devices on PCB substrates for practical applications. Besides fabrication requirements, reliable characterization tools are needed to accurately and nondestructively measure important guiding properties, such as waveguide propagation loss. In three-dimensional (3D) fully embedded board-level optical interconnects, another key challenge is to realize efficient optical coupling between in-plane waveguides and out-of-plane laser/detector devices. Driven by these motivations, the research presented in this thesis focuses on some fundamental studies of optical interconnects for PCB substrates, e.g., developing low-loss optical polymer waveguides with integrated efficient out-of-plane couplers for optical interconnects on printed circuit board substrates, as well as the demonstration of a novel free-space optical interconnect system by using a volume holographic thin film. Firstly, the theoretical and experimental investigations on the limitations of using mercury i-line ultraviolet (UV) proximity photolithography have been carried out, and the metallization techniques for fine copper line formation are explored. Then, a new type of low-loss polymer waveguides (i.e., capped waveguide) is demonstrated by using contact photolithography with considerable performance improvement over the conventional waveguides. To characterize the propagation properties of planar optical waveguides, a reliable, nondestructive, and real-time technique is presented based on accurately imaging the scattered light from the waveguide using a sensitive charge coupled device (CCD) camera that has a built-in integration functionality. To provide surface normal light coupling between waveguides and optoelectronic devices for optical interconnects, a simple method is presented here to integrate 45° total internal reflection micro-mirrors with polymer optical waveguides by an improved tilted beam photolithography (with the aid of de-ionized water) on PCBs. A new technique is developed for a thin layer of metal coating on the micro-mirrors to achieve higher reflection and coupling efficiency (i.e., above 90%). The combination of the capped waveguide technique and the improved tilted UV exposure technique along with a hard reusable metal mask for metal deposition eliminates the usage of the traditional lift-off process, greatly simplifies the process, and reduces fabrication cost without sacrificing the coating quality. For the study of free-space optical interconnects, a simple system is presented by employing a single thin-film polymeric volume holographic element. One 2-spherical-beam hologram is used to link each point light source with the corresponding photodetector. An 8-channel free-space optical interconnect system with high link efficiency is demonstrated by using a single volume holographic element where 8 holograms are recorded.

We investigated thin film samples of Mg2NiH4 with two intentions. First of all, we wanted to ascertain if the same nanomaterial (Mg2NiH4) prepared by magnetron sputtering and ball milling can exhibit different hydrogen storage properties and to see possible advantages/disadvantages of employing of magnetron sputtering for synthesis of nanometerials for hydrogenstorage. Furthermore, we wanted to see if thin film samples of Mg2NiH4 could be used in a switchable mirror or window device by utilizing the high to low temperature transition at about 510 K. In powder samples, this transition, between a monoclinic conducting low temperature phase to an FCC non-conducting high temperature phase, have been demonstrated in a mechanical reversible conductor–insulator transition [Blomqvist and Nor��us, J. Appl. Phys 91(2002)5141]. The new thin film Mg2NiH4 samples were produced by reacting hydrogen with magnetron sputtered Mg2Ni films on quartz glass or CaF2 substrates. But we could not obtain the monoclinic low temperature phase upon cooling the samples. Instead a cubic phase, related but not identical to the cubic high temperature phase, was formed at temperatures both below and above 510 K. TEM pictures revealed the new cubic phase in the films to have the same cell parameter as the FCC high temperature phase. But the symmetry was lower with similar streaking patterns as observed for the monoclinic low temperature phase. IR-spectroscopy indicated an identical vibrational frequency for... [to full text] / Tiriamojo darbo metu magnetroniniu garinimu suformuotos Mg-Ni dangos, kurios hidrintos esant aukštai temperatūrai ir vandenilio slėgiui. Hidrintos dangos ištirtos įvairiais analizės metodais, siekiant nustatyti magnetronio garinimo būdu suformuotos medžiagos (magnio nikelio hidrido) skirtumus nuo rutulinio trynimo metodu gautos analogiškos medžiagos. Darbe išanalizuoti duomenys ir pateiktas aiškinamasis modelis, kuris atskleidžia plonų dangų ypatybes, dėl kurių dangose pilnai neįvyksta dangos relaksacijos procesai. Nustatyta, kad dėl tų pačių priežasčių, dangų panaudojimo „įjungiamiesiems veidrodžiams“ galimybės yra ribotos.

Researchers have identified the need to explore the context in which disordered eating is a reasonable response to violence and socio-cultural expectations, and the need for prevention programs that link fat phobia with other forms of oppression (Burstow, 1992; Herman, 1997; Orbach, 1994; Piran, 1999; Sesan, 1994; Steiner-Adair, 1994, Thompson, 1992). To date, the House of Mirrors Community Development Pilot Project (the "HOM") is the only community-based program in Canada that addresses these issues. The HOM is a visual arts installation of twenty-six full-length mirrors onto which women, girls and artists of various cultures, ages, and body types portrayed how violence and fat phobia have impacted their lives. The purpose of this multiple method study was to assess the efficacy of the HOM as a facilitator of working relationships between the health, business, art, and education sectors in Campbell River, B.C. The process was documented in two focus group interviews with five members of the HOM Subcommittee and in a survey of the HOM subcommittee and the Eating Disorder Program Advisory Committee. Evaluating the project's effectiveness distinguished different levels of community involvement as connections, relationships, and partnerships. The evaluation highlights differences between prevention and community development initiatives and the need for an emphasis on partnership building in social work. This knowledge will be used to inform future policy and practice decisions.

Optical fiber sensors have already been developed from the experimental stage to practical applications in the past 20 years. There is no doubt that this technology can bring a wealth of applications, ranging from sensors in medical industry, aerospace and wind-energy industries, through to distributed sensors in oil and gas industry. Among a large amount of physical and chemical parameters which optical fiber sensors could measure, temperature and strain are the most widely studied. This thesis presents several low-cost optical fiber sensor configurations primarily for temperature and strain measurement. Several basic optical fiber components which are good candidates as optical fiber sensors are used in our experiments, such as fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), multimode fibers (MMFs), small-core dispersion compensation fibers (SCDCFs), high-birefringence fiber loop mirrors (HBFLMs), and polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers (PMPCFs). Temperature and strain cross sensitivity is a crucial issue when designing high performance optical fiber sensors, since most of the sensing components are both sensitive to temperature and strain. This would introduce an error when measuring each of them independently. We developed several schemes to overcome this problem by cascading an FBG and a section of MMF, inserting an FBG into an HBFLM, and space division multiplexing two HBFLMs. By measuring the wavelength shifts of the two independent components' spectra in each scheme, simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain could be achieved. However, all the above schemes need optical spectrum analyzers to monitor the spectral information, which increases the cost of the system and limits the operation speed. In order to avoid using optical spectrum analyzers, we use an intensity-based interrogation method with MMFs and HBFLMs as edge filters. By measuring power ratio changes, instead of monitoring spectra shifts, simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain could be realized with a low cost and high speed. The resolutions of the above five configurations are between 0.26 - 1.2 ^oC in temperature and 9.21 - 29.5 με in strain, which are sufficient for certain applications. We also investigate the sensing applications with the SCDCF. Since the cutoff wavelength of this kind of fiber is around 1663 nm, which makes it naturally an MMF in the wavelength range of 1550 nm. By slightly offsetting the core of the SCDCF with respect to that of the standard single-mode fiber (SMF), a high extinction ratio could be achieved with almost 9 dB. When a lateral force (lateral strain) applied on the SCDCF, extinction ratio will decrease. The change of the extinction ratio is almost independent of temperature variation. The measured extinction ratio change has a good quadratic relationship with respect to applied lateral force. This feature could be used to measure lateral force (lateral strain). In addition, we also use this feature to realize simultaneous measurement of both the longitudinal strain and lateral strain, since the applied longitudinal strain results in the whole spectrum shift. Moreover, a miniature high temperature sensor could also be made using the SCDCF. One end of a 4-mm long SCDCF is spliced directly to SMF with the other end cleaved. By monitoring the reflection spectrum of the SCDCF, temperature information could be obtained. This sensing head is very compact and could realize high temperature measurement up to 600 ^oC. Recently, a kind of PMPCF has been found to have very small responses to temperature change. This offers an opportunity to measure other parameters without considering temperature influence. We construct a compact 7-mm long transmission-type sensor with this kind of PMPCF. The interference spectrum generated by the coupling of cladding modes and core mode is obtained by slightly offsetting the PMPCF core to SMF core. The experiment shows that the interference spectrum is almost unchanged within the temperature range of 25-60 ^oC. The presented sensor has the potential to be used to measure strain and refractive index in the normal environment without temperature discrimination for practical applications.

This project formulates an original psycho-cultural approach by studying the cultural and therapeutic value of Gok Wan’s makeover series How To Look Good Naked. Through an in-depth application of Donald Woods Winnicott’s object relations psychoanalysis to the textual narratives of the makeover show, and by developing a viewing method that derives from psychoanalytic training on observation, this thesis offers an account of the affective impact of Gok Wan’s popular makeover phenomenon. This thesis addresses key themes and elements that signal the evolution of British makeover television and identifies how Gok Wan’s format and strategies chime with what has widely been hailed as a particularly ‘therapeutic’ moment in popular culture. The emblematic features of Gok Wan’s rendition of the makeover format highlights its potential positive outcomes by examining the articulation of current embodied feminine subjective experiences, in order to interrogate the complex relationship between postfeminism and therapeutic discourse. This thesis recognises that the therapeutic opportunity of Gok Wan’s method lies in the transformational process by creating emotionally constructive spaces where the articulation of experiences leads to inner self-discovery. Playful mechanisms of creativity are central to Gok Wan’s empathetic approach to working with participants to enable transformation, reflecting a number of key themes in object relations psychoanalysis and its understanding of self-experience. The opportunities afforded to participants for self-interpretation create a useful platform to reflect on Gok Wan’s role, who has been candid about the parallels between his own emotional experience and that of his participants. Psychoanalytic models of transference and countertransference indicate how this dynamic challenges dominant notions of the makeover expert as omnipotent. This project demonstrates the value of object relations psychoanalysis for critical interventions in the field of media, cultural and feminist studies in order to provide a deeper understanding of the affective impact of makeover television in shaping notions of subjective experience.

No description available.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o estudo e análise da resposta óptica de dispositivos de cristal fotônico uni-dimensional (1D) fabricados através do uso da tecnologia de silício poroso. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho apresentam contribuições significativas no desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia para a fabricação de dispositivos ópticos em silício. As principais contribuições deste trabalho estão direcionadas ao aprimoramento dos processos de fabricação de cristais fotônicos 1D e processos de tratamento térmico. Os resultados da análise estrutural através de microscopia óptica de varredura (MEV) e da resposta óptica (refletância ou absorbância) mostraram que dispositivos de cristal fotônico fabricados em soluções altamente diluídas de HF apresentam melhor desempenho, tendo sido otimizado o processo de fabricação utilizando-se uma célula de duplo compartimento (célula dupla). A otimização da resposta óptica dos dispositivos foi atribuída ao efeito de minimização das rugosidades de interface e minimização de efeitos de anisotropia na taxa de corrosão durante o processo de anodização eletroquímica. O processo eletroquímico utilizado para a fabricação de cristais fotônicos 1D apresentou limitação quanto ao número máximo de camadas, sendo observado que dispositivos com número de camadas acima de 60 apresentavam degradação das suas camadas superficiais, comprometendo a resposta óptica do dispositivo. Este resultado foi atribuído a efeitos de diluição química das camadas expostas à solução por longos períodos de processo. Os dispositivos fotônicos 1D mostraram-se sensíveis a processos de recozimento térmico, deslocando suas bandas fotônicas proibidas para regiões de menor comprimento de onda devido à mudança do índice de refração das camadas e aos efeitos de expansão e compressão das camadas constitutivas do dispositivo. Os dispositivos de micocavidade Fabry-Perot mostraram-se mais sensíveis aos processos de recozimento térmico. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho vislumbram grandes possibilidades de aplicação dos cristais fotônicos de PS na fabricação de dispositivos ópticos na tecnologia de silício como filtros, lentes, cavidades ressonantes, guias de ondas, grades de difração e dispositivos sensores. / The aim of the present work was to study and analyze the optical response of one- dimensional (1D) photonic crystal devices obtained by using the porous silicon technology. The experimental results obtained from this work showed the significant contribution to the development of a technological process for optical device fabrication in the silicon substrate. The most important contributions of the work are pointed out to improve the electrochemical process for device fabrication and thermal annealing process in order to improve the optical response of the devices. The results obtained from Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and from the optical response of the devices, showed that devices fabricated in the double cell and diluted HF solution improved their optical response due to minimization of the anisotropy of corrosion rate and decreasing of the surface roughness between layers. The electrochemical process used for device fabrication showed the existence of limitation on the numbers of layers because of the existence of chemical dissolution effect that became important for long time process. The 1D photonic crystal devices in PS technology showed high sensibility to thermal annealing process, due to the refraction index change after thermal annealing the photonic band gap position shift down to low wavelength region. The Fabry-Perot devices showed higher sensibility to thermal annealing process improving their optical response after annealing process. The results obtained from the present work showed that the PS 1D photonic device could be applied to optical devices fabrication in silicon technology such as optical filters, lenses, resonant cavities, wave-guide devices, diffraction grade and optical sensor device.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1410214 bytes, checksum: d6e65f9be9408724d99530c1a0f7cd58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Even in current times, there is a need to develop a topographic survey technique for situations in which the target is not directly visualized from the total station position. With this purpose, q project of a mirror and softwares that allow estimate the coordinates, and its uncertainties, of targets visualized through the mirror was developed. For the work development, 3D virtual models of different scenarios were made, employing CAD, and softwares, in which estimations of topographic coordinates of the targets and its uncertainties were made, were developed. Concludes that measuring the coordinates of the fiducial marks with a precision of one millimeter, the uncertainties on the coordinates of the real targets are above the centimeter and that instead of employing fiducial marks recorded in the mirror, is better to add graduated circles that allow measure the angles of attitude. With a precision of five seconds in the angles and millimeter on the coordinates of the targets comes to the accuracy better than the centimeter on the coordinates of the real targets. / Mesmo com o atual avanço tecnológico, há necessidade de se desenvolver uma técnica de levantamentos topográficos para situações em que o alvo não seja diretamente visualizado de onde a estação total está posicionada. Com este intuito, foi desenvolvido um projeto de um espelho e software que permitam estimar as coordenadas, e suas incertezas, de alvos visualizados indiretamente. Para a realização do trabalho foram construídas maquetes virtuais em 3D, empregando um CAD, de diversos cenários e foi elaborado software para estimar as coordenadas de marcas fiduciais no espelho, relacionar os sistemas do espelho e da estação total e por fim, estimar as coordenadas topográficas dos alvos e suas incertezas. Concluiu-se que medindo as coordenadas das marcas fiduciais com precisão de um milímetro, para uma mesma posição do espelho, da estação e dos alvos virtuais, as incertezas nas coordenadas dos alvos reais ficam acima do centímetro e que em vez de se empregar marcas fiduciais gravadas no espelho, é melhor adicionar círculos graduados que permitam medir os ângulos de atitude. Com precisão de cinco segundos nos ângulos e milímetro nas coordenadas dos alvos virtuais chega-se a precisão melhor que o centímetro nas coordenadas dos alvos reais.

A presente dissertação se propôs a analisar quatro fabulários, tendo como fio condutor dessa escolha o Kalla e Dimna, fabulário árabe do século VIII d.C. Partindo desta obra, os estudos se orientaram tanto às suas origens, que remontam à compilação indiana Pañcatantra, datada do século I d.C. e que teve entrada no mundo árabe, bem como aos seus frutos, o Livro do tigre e do raposo e O leão e o chacal Mergulhador, dois fabulários árabes produzidos, respectivamente, nos séculos IX d.C., XI d.C. e XII d.C. e que tiveram, em relação aos anteriores, menor disseminação. Os dois primeiros fabulários tratam de uma série de temas que podem atender às normas mais gerais de decoro na sociedade, sendo que o Pañcatantra chega até mesmo a ser classificado como um tratado sobre a conduta em manuais de literatura sânscrita. Entre esses temas diversos, é notável o espaço privilegiado dado às relações políticas e aos seus trâmites. Os outros dois livros, embora inseridos na mesma tradição, deixam de lado aspectos mais gerais da convivência e passam a se deter apenas nos temas especificamente políticos. No que se refere a esse assunto em comum, é possível perceber uma série de elementos recorrentes nos quatro fabulários, entre eles, o fato de que todos tratam das vicissitudes das relações entre poder e saber, personificada em personagens-tipo que ora se aproximam, ora se afastam, mas que se mantém atrelados a uma estrutura que os molda conforme os resultados que almeja atingir. Além disso, foram estudadas as estruturas que, no caso, se apoiam na maior parte das vezes em narrativas-quadro ou prólogos-moldura a partir dos quais se desenvolvem subnarrativas e outros elementos que nos possibilitaram, ao término do estudo, apontar o que há de particular na universalidade a que se propõem os fabulários. / This dissertation aims to analyze four collections of fables, choosing as the central work from which further analysis will stem the Kalla and Dimna, an Arab collection of fables dating from the VIII century A.D. From this starting point, these studies were furthered by revisiting its origins in the Panchatantra, an Indian compilation of fables from the I century A.D. that left its marks on the Arab world, as well as its developments in the books that directly follow its legacy, the Livro do tigre e do raposo and O leão e o chacal Mergulhador, two arab collections of fables dating, respectively, to the IX century A.D. and the XI and XII century A.D. which had, however, far less dissemination than the last two works here cited. The first two collections develop around a variety of subjects relating to rules regulating manners in a broader sense, to the point that the Panchatantra has been classified as a treatise on manners in Sanskrit literature manuals. Between the diversity of subjects broached, the privileged attention given to political relations and their formalities is readily noticeable. The two other works, though part of the same literary tradition, set aside more general or day-to-day aspects of good manners to focus exclusively on political relations and political conduct. Regarding this shared thematic, a number of recurring elements can be identified, one of many being the fact that all of them deal with the specifics of the relationship stabilished between power and knowledge, personified in character types that alternate between approaching and distancing themselves from one another, but that are always attached to a structure that moulds them according to the results it desires. Beyond that, the narrative structures of the works were studied they usually make use of frame narratives or frame prologues from which further subnarratives are developed along with other elements that made it possible, at the end of this study, to point towards the particularities of the universality that the collections of fables undertake as their purpose.

Researchers have identified the need to explore the context in which disordered eating is a reasonable response to violence and socio-cultural expectations, and the need for prevention programs that link fat phobia with other forms of oppression (Burstow, 1992; Herman, 1997; Orbach, 1994; Piran, 1999; Sesan, 1994; Steiner-Adair, 1994, Thompson, 1992). To date, the House of Mirrors Community Development Pilot Project (the "HOM") is the only community-based program in Canada that addresses these issues. The HOM is a visual arts installation of twenty-six full-length mirrors onto which women, girls and artists of various cultures, ages, and body types portrayed how violence and fat phobia have impacted their lives. The purpose of this multiple method study was to assess the efficacy of the HOM as a facilitator of working relationships between the health, business, art, and education sectors in Campbell River, B.C. The process was documented in two focus group interviews with five members of the HOM Subcommittee and in a survey of the HOM subcommittee and the Eating Disorder Program Advisory Committee. Evaluating the project's effectiveness distinguished different levels of community involvement as connections, relationships, and partnerships. The evaluation highlights differences between prevention and community development initiatives and the need for an emphasis on partnership building in social work. This knowledge will be used to inform future policy and practice decisions. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate