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Výroba optických zrcadel pro vysokofrekvenční antény / Manufacture of optical mirrors for high-frequency antennaMuzikant, Dušan January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with problems with manufacturing of high frequency elliptic and hyperbolic optic mirrors, which makes one of the most important functional parts of parabolic satellites made for biggest and highest placed international astronomical radio-telescope in the world - ALMA, which is built on Chajnantor plateau in Chille in South America. Individual chapters are designed in the flow of technological process of manufacturing, containing theoretical and practical analysis of the problems. Content of the thesis leads especially to description and clarification of individual causes of problems during manufacturing.
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Digital mirrors : Supplementary information to increase driver’s awareness of surroundings / Digitala speglar : Kompletterande information för ökning av förarens medvetenhet om omgivningenPayandehmehr, Bahare, Placzkowska, Marta January 2015 (has links)
Replacement of physical rear-view mirrors with digital offer new possibilities for vision enhancements and supplementary information that could facilitate driving. However, the invehicle support systems and information contribute to increased mental workload of the driver and inadequate Human Machine Interface (HMI) can lead to distraction and impaired driving performance. Therefore, it is crucial to explore what relevant information can be implemented and how it should be designed regarding cognitive ergonomics to promote human information processing. The aim of the project was to create one or more concepts for supplementary information that could be implemented in the digital mirrors in order to increase driver’s awareness of the surroundings and therefore contribute to improved road safety. The design process consisted of a pre-study regarding cognitive ergonomics followed by three iterations including user interaction, literature studies, concept generation and evaluation with respect to acquired theoretical knowledge and tests with professional truck drivers. This approach allowed for identification of user demands and development a refined user oriented solution. The final concept was evaluated in a driving simulator with ten truck drivers to investigate potential effects on driver performance regarding detection of obstacles in blind spots, vehicle control and subjective opinions considering perceived mental workload and user acceptance. The evaluation resulted in significantly improved detection rate of vehicles in blind spots with the developed concept. Longitudinal and lateral vehicle control was not affected hence, the additional information did not distract the drivers. Furthermore, the drivers perceived mental workload was not increased and the user acceptance was significantly improved after the test indicating that drivers’ expectations were met and furthermore exceeded. The results of the study suggest that supplementary information in digital mirrors can be beneficial for improving driver’s awareness of the surroundings and should be further investigated. / Ersättning av fysiska backspeglar i lastbilar skapar förutsättningar för kompletterande visuell information som kan bidra till säkrare körning. Informationskällor i fordon kan vara en bidragande faktor till ökad mental belastning hos förarna och bristfällig användargränssnitt kan leda till distraktion och nedsatt körprestation. Därmed är det väsentligt att undersöka vilken typ av visuell information som kan implementeras i de digitala speglarna samt hur den ska utformas med avseende på kognitiv ergonomi. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilken relevant information som kan inkluderas i de digitala speglarna för att bidra till ökad medvetenhet om omgivningen hos förarna och därmed till ökad trafiksäkerhet. Utvecklingsprocessen bestod av en förundersökning av de ergonomiska aspekterna följd av tre iterationer bestående av användarundersökning, litteraturstudier, generation av koncept samt utvärdering utifrån erhållen teoretisk kunskap och användartester med yrkesförare. Denna metod möjliggjorde att identifiera användarkrav och utveckla en lösning anpassad efter förarnas behov. Det slutliga konceptet utvärderades i en körsimulator med tio lastbilschaufförer för att undersöka dess potentiella effekter på förarens prestationsförmåga med avseende på detektering av hinder i döda vinklar, fordonskontroll och subjektiva åsikter angående mental arbetsbelastning och användaracceptans. Resultaten påvisade signifikant förbättring av detektion av fordon i de döda vinklarna med det utvecklade konceptet. Kontrollen av fordonet påverkades ej vilket tyder på att informationen inte upplevdes som distraherande. Den subjektiva mentala belastningen ökades inte och användaracceptansen förbättrades signifikant efter testet vilket indikerar att förarnas förväntningar uppfylldes. Resultaten av studien tyder på att kompletterande information i digitala speglar kan vara fördelaktig för att förbättra förarnas medvetenhet om omgivningen och bör utredas vidare.
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Investigating a Model Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase with Vibrationally Resonant Sum Frequency Generation SpectroscopyQuast, Arthur D. 13 June 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is a widely used technique for analytical separations but routinely requires empirical optimization. Gaining a better understanding of the molecular reasons for retention may mean more efficient separations with fewer trial and error runs to obtain optimized separations. Vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation (VR-SFG) is a surface specific technique that has allowed for in situ examination of model RPLC stationary phases under various solvent and pressure conditions. In order to improve on past work with model RPLC stationary phases two challenges had to be overcome. First, improved vibrational mode assignments of the C18 stationary phase were needed for proper understanding of this model system. Second, the synthesis of back-surface reference mirrors used in these VR-SFG experiments allowed us to better correct the relative intensities of the various spectral peaks present in typical spectra. After examination of model RPLC systems under various conditions, we have found that these model substrates have a significant amount of interference from nonresonant signal. This interference of resonant and nonresonant signals on fused silica surfaces has not been previously examined and further studies of the model RPLC stationary phase must properly deal with the non-negligible nonresonant interference that is present. We have seen changes in the VR-SFG spectra of these model systems under a variety of conditions including elevated pressure, however the changes are mostly due to nonresonant interference. These spectral changes, although apparently not solely from structural changes, need to be investigated further to better understand the molecular basis of retention in model RPLC systems.
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Repose, Reflections, and “Girls in Sunshine”: Frederick Carl Frieseke’s Paintings of Women, 1905–1920Muente, Tamera Lenz 11 July 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Art in the mirror: reflection in the work of Rauschenberg, Richter, Graham and SmithsonDoyle, Eileen R. 01 December 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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Intense Laser-Plasma Interactions in Ultrathin Films: Plasma Mirrors, Relativistic Effects, and Orbital Angular MomentumCzapla, Nicholas 08 September 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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El espejo y la mujer en el arte. Psicosis, sociedad y video-performanceToledo Ribes, Sheila 19 February 2024 (has links)
[ES] La investigación teorico práctica de esta tesis se centra fundamentalmente en el estudio del espejo, la psicosis y la mujer artista. A través de un exhaustivo análisis profundizamos en el carácter simbólico de la mujer reflejada a través del espejo, y sus posteriores influencias en el arte contemporáneo. Al analizar esta dualidad entre el individuo y la mente, indagamos en el estudio de la psique y en la representación de la psicosis femenina en la video-performance con artistas como: Maya Deren, Joan Jonas,Yayoi Kusama, Dara Birnbaum, Nil Yalter y Nicole Croiset Rebeca Horn, Àngels Ribé. Finalmente, examinamos la presencia más actual de la mujer en el ámbito artístico y su relación con su reflejo como plasmación de su propia mirada introspectiva, desde el testimonio más corpóreo, objetual y fetichista, heredado de la sociedad patriarcal a sus reivindicaciones artísticas feministas. De igual modo, testimoniamos cómo el espejo se ha convertido en manos de las mujeres artistas en un instrumento que manifiesta qué significa ser mujer en el arte contemporáneo, no exento de un carácter intimo, crítico y combativo, como lo testimonian: Valie Export, Pipilotti Rist, Lynn Hershman... / [CA] La investigació teoricopràctica d'aquesta tesi se centra fonamentalment en l'estudi del mirall, la psicosi i la dona artista. A través d'una exhaustiva anàlisi aprofundirem en el caràcter simbòlic de la dona reflectida a través del mirall, i les influències posteriors en l'art contemporani. En analitzar aquesta dualitat entre l'individu i la ment, indagarem en estudi de la psique, i en la representació de la psicosi femenina a la videoperformance amb artistes com: Maya Deren, Joan Jonas, Yayoi Kusama, Dara Birnbaum, Nil Yalter i Nicole Croiset Rebeca Horn, Àngels Ribé. Finalment, examinarem la presència més actual de la dona a l'àmbit artístic i la seva relació amb el seu reflex com a plasmació de la seva pròpia mirada introspectiva, des del testimoni més corpori, objectual i fetitxista, heretat de la societat patriarcal a les seves reivindicacions artístiques feministes. De la mateixa manera, testimoniem com el mirall s'ha convertit en mans de les dones artistes en un instrument que manifesta què significa ser dona a l'art contemporani, no exempt d'un caràcter íntim, crític i combatiu, com ho testimonien: Valie Export, Pipilotti Rist, Lynn Hershman... / [EN] The theoretical and practical investigation of this thesis is fundamentally focused on the study of the mirror, psychosis and the female artist. Through an exhaustive analysis we will delve into the symbolic character of the woman reflected through the mirror, and her subsequent influences on contemporary art. By analyzing this duality between the individual and the mind, we will investigate the study of the psyche, and the representation of female psychosis in video-performance with artists such as: Maya Deren, Joan Jonas, Yayoi Kusama, Dara Birnbaum, Nil Yalter and Nicole Croiset Rebeca Horn, Àngels Ribé. Finally, we will examine the most current presence of women in the artistic field and their relationship with their reflection as a reflection of their own introspective gaze, from the most corporeal, objectual and fetishist testimony, inherited from the patriarchal society to its feminist artistic claims. In the same way, we testify how the mirror has become in the hands of women artists an instrument that manifests what it means to be a woman in contemporary art, not exempt from an intimate, critical and combative character, as witnessed by: Valie Export, Pipilotti Rist, Lynn Hershman... / Toledo Ribes, S. (2024). El espejo y la mujer en el arte. Psicosis, sociedad y video-performance [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202697
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Optiques pour les impulsions attosecondes / Optical components for attosecond pulsesBourassin-Bouchet, Charles 05 December 2011 (has links)
Les plus brefs flashs de lumière qui puissent être produits en laboratoire actuellement ont des durées de quelques dizaines d’attosecondes (1 as = 10-18 s), et ne peuvent être créés que dans le domaine extrême-ultraviolet (XUV). Le développement de composants optiques capables de contrôler et de mettre en forme ce rayonnement attoseconde est crucial pour permettre à ces impulsions de se généraliser. Cette thèse porte donc sur l’étude et la réalisation de tels composants.Les impulsions attosecondes ont la particularité de comporter une dérivée de fréquence intrinsèque au processus utilisé pour leur génération. Cela a pour effet d’augmenter leur durée. Nous avons donc développé des miroirs multicouches capables d’induire une dérive de fréquence opposée sur les impulsions s’y réfléchissant, permettant ainsi de les compresser. En caractérisant les impulsions attosecondes réfléchies par ces miroirs, nous avons pour la première fois observé une telle compression des impulsions attosecondes. Nous avons également développé des miroirs multicouches théoriquement capables de compresser des impulsions sous la barre symbolique des 50 as, soit en dessous du record actuel de durée d’une impulsion lumineuse.La mesure de ces impulsions requiert leur focalisation dans un spectromètre. Or les miroirs focalisants généralement utilisés peuvent très rapidement introduire des aberrations géométriques. A l’aide de simulations numériques et d’une étude analytique, nous avons montré que ces aberrations pouvaient très fortement déformer la structure spatio-temporelle des impulsions attosecondes, provoquant une augmentation de leur durée. Enfin, nous avons montré que ces effets n’étaient pas pris en compte par les techniques actuelles de caractérisation d’impulsions attosecondes, cela pouvant amener à mesurer une impulsion attoseconde plus courte qu’elle ne l’est en réalité. / The shortest flashes of light ever produced so far have durations of a few tens of attoseconds (1 as = 10-18 s), and can only be generated in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range (XUV). Developing optical components able to control and shape such attosecond radiation is crucial to generalize the use of these light pulses. This is the topic of this work.Attosecond pulses happen to be chirped due to the physical process used to generate them. This phenomenon leads to an increase in their duration. Consequently, we developed inversely chirped multilayer mirrors, allowing one to compress the pulses during their reflection off the mirrors. By measuring these reflected pulses, we observed for the first time such a compression of attosecond pulses. Moreover, we developed another set of multilayer mirrors theoretically able to compress pulses below 50 as. That is below the current pulse duration record.Furthermore, the measurement of these pulses requires that they be focussed into a spectrometer. However, typically used focusing mirrors can add geometric aberrations. By the use of numerical simulations and thanks to an analytic study, we showed that these aberrations could strongly distort the spatio-temporal structure of the pulses, and increase their duration. Moreover, we showed that this phenomenon was not taken into account by current attosecond pulse characterization techniques. This could lead to determining the pulse duration to be shorter than it actually is.
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A Feasibility Study of Thin-Shell Deformable Mirrors with Adaptive Truss Support for Spaced-Based TelescopesMarzette, Russell K., Jr. 19 July 2006 (has links)
Space-based telescopes are limit by the payload requirements of existing launch vehicles. Thus, despite distinct advantages the resolution of terrestrial telescopes exceeds space-based telescopes due to larger size and powerful adaptive optics. To overcome payload limitations, a primary mirror technology that is lighter in weight, but no less effective, is required. As this will result in new structural conditions, new approaches to maintaining the optical shape (figure) of the mirror will also be required.
This thesis culminates work at the Georgia Institute of Technology in modelling a hexagonal thin-shell deformation mirror manipulated by an adaptive truss. This research specifically examines the feasibility of a surface parallel actuated (SPA) thin-shell CuZr deformable mirror (DM) as an alternative to a typical surface normal actuated (SNA) based mirror. It is believed that by using a thin-shell mirror (100 m or less in thickness) with a light weight substrate, such as a truss, that a significant weight-savings will occur, thus enabling larger space based telescopes.
This thesis advances the SPA DM concept by 1) creating a representative model, 2) developing design evaluation methods, 3) evaluating the FEA simulated response of the deformable mirror over Zernike error modes, 4) evaluating the FEA simulated response to select thermal loads, and 5) evaluating the ability of the DM to remove thermal error, and the forces required to do so. Finally, it is concluded that overall the SPA DM concept is feasible.
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Σχεδίαση αναλογικών ολοκληρωμένων φίλτρων χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας με χρήση καθρεπτών ρεύματοςΛαουδιάς, Κωνσταντίνος 07 October 2011 (has links)
Το αντικείμενο της διδακτορικής διατριβής αφορά στη σχεδίαση αναλογικών ολοκληρωμένων φίλτρων χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας με χρήση καθρεπτών ρεύματος. Οι εφαρμογές της σύγχρονης τεχνολογίας επιτάσσουν τη χρήση συσκευών με όσο το δυνατόν μικρότερες διαστάσεις, χαμηλή τάση τροφοδοσίας, χαμηλή κατανάλωση ισχύος και ταυτόχρονα υψηλές επιδόσεις. Η μείωση της τάσης τροφοδοσίας θέτει αρκετές προκλήσεις στη σχεδίαση αναλογικών ολοκληρωμένων κυκλωμάτων, καθώς οδηγεί σε μειωμένη απόδοση όσον αφορά το εύρος συχνοτήτων λειτουργίας αλλά και το επιτρεπόμενο πλάτος σημάτων που μπορούν να διαχειριστούν. Προς αυτήν την κατεύθυνση, μελετώνται και σχεδιάζονται δομές αναλογικών φίλτρων χρησιμοποιώντας καθρέπτες ρεύματος χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας, οι οποίοι μπορούν να διαχειριστούν σήματα με σχετικά μεγάλη διακύμανση. Όλες οι δομές έχουν τη δυνατότητα ηλεκτρονικής ρύθμισης της συχνοτικής τους απόκρισης, μεταβάλλοντας το ρεύμα πόλωσης των καθρεπτών ρεύματος. Με αυτό τον τρόπο αντισταθμίζονται οι επιπτώσεις από τις μεταβολές των παραμέτρων κατασκευής, της τάσης τροφοδοσίας και της θερμοκρασίας.
Αρχικά, προτείνονται διάφορες τοπολογίες γενικευμένων φίλτρων 2ης τάξης (universal biquads) με δυνατότητα ανεξάρτητης μεταβολής της συχνότητας και του συντελεστή ποιότητας των πόλων τους. Στα πλαίσια της συγκεκριμένης ερευνητικής εργασίας κατασκευάστηκε ένα ολοκληρωμένο με την τεχνολογία AMS CMOS 0.35μm, το οποίο περιέχει δύο από τις προτεινόμενες τοπολογίες γενικευμένων φίλτρων 2ης τάξης. Τα αποτελέσματα από την πειραματική μέτρηση του ολοκληρωμένου παρουσιάζουν πολύ μικρή απόκλιση από τις προσομοιώσεις.
Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζεται μια συστηματική μέθοδος σχεδίασης ενεργών κυματικών φίλτρων με κυματικούς προσαρμογείς θύρας. Η προτεινόμενη μέθοδος εφαρμόζεται για τη σχεδίαση ενός ελλειπτικού βαθυπερατού φίλτρου 3ης τάξης με συχνότητα αποκοπής 2MHz και κυμάτωση στη ζώνη διέλευσης 0.1dB.
Ακόμη, προτείνονται δύο μιγαδικά φίλτρα Butterworth 12ης τάξης για εφαρμογή σε ασύρματους δέκτες χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας, τα οποία σχεδιάστηκαν με την μέθοδο Leapfrog και την τοπολογική εξομοίωση LC κλιμακωτών φίλτρων. Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας ερευνητικής εργασίας πραγματοποιήθηκε η κατασκευή ενός ακόμη ολοκληρωμένου με την τεχνολογία AMS CMOS 0.35μm, το οποίο περιέχει τις δύο προτεινόμενες τοπολογίες μιγαδικών φίλτρων. Τα αποτελέσματα από την πειραματική μέτρηση του ολοκληρωμένου έχουν πολύ μικρή απόκλιση από τις προσομοιώσεις, επιβεβαιώνοντας την ορθή λειτουργία των μιγαδικών φίλτρων και καθιστώντας τις εν λόγω τοπολογίες αξιόπιστες για χρήση σε ασύρματους δέκτες που λειτουργούν με βάση τα πρότυπα Bluetooth/ZigBee.
Μια άλλη κατηγορία φίλτρων που μελετάται, είναι αναλογικά φίλτρα τα οποία υλοποιούν συναρτήσεις κυματιδίου (wavelet filters), κατάλληλα για την επεξεργασία καρδιακών σημάτων. Οι καθρέπτες ρεύματος που χρησιμοποιούνται λειτουργούν στην περιοχή υποκατωφλίου, παρέχοντας έτσι τη δυνατότητα χρήσης της πολύ χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας 0.5V. Ταυτόχρονα, λόγω των μικρών ρευμάτων πόλωσης, τα φίλτρα που προκύπτουν παρουσιάζουν εξαιρετικά χαμηλή κατανάλωση ισχύος. Τα αποτελέσματα από τις προσομοιώσεις καταδεικνύουν τη χρησιμότητα τους σε σύγχρονες βιοϊατρικές εφαρμογές.
Τέλος, προτείνεται μια νέα τοπολογία καθρέπτη ρεύματος χαμηλής τάσης τροφοδοσίας με μεταβλητό κέρδος το οποίο ελέγχεται ηλεκτρονικά, μεταβάλλοντας τα ρεύματα πόλωσης της βαθμίδας. Η συγκεκριμένη τοπολογία μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για τη σχεδίαση ηλεκτρονικά ρυθμιζόμενων φίλτρων. Η ορθή λειτουργία της προτεινόμενης βαθμίδας επαληθεύεται από την πειραματική μέτρηση του αντίστοιχου ολοκληρωμένου κυκλώματος που κατασκευάστηκε με την τεχνολογία AMS CMOS 0.35μm. / This Ph.D. dissertation deals with the design of low-voltage analog integrated circuits. The technological evolution and market requirements have led to an increasing demand of low-power portable devices, featuring the reduced size and high efficiency. The supply voltage scaling sets new challenges in analog circuit design as this leads to a degraded circuit performance in terms of available bandwidth and smaller available signal swings. In this direction, novel analog filters using low-voltage high swing current mirrors are introduced. The resonant frequency of the proposed filters can be electronically controlled by modifying appropriate dc currents. Thus, any effect from process, voltage and temperature variations can be eliminated.
At first, novel universal biquad filters are introduced offering the feature of orthogonal adjustment between the resonant frequency and quality factor. As part of this research work, a chip prototype containing two of the proposed universal biquad filter topologies has been fabricated using AMS 0.35μm CMOS process. The experimental results from the fabricated chip are very close to those theoretically predicted.
Continuing, a new systematic method for designing high-order wave active filters employing the wave port adaptors is proposed. Attractive characteristics of the derived filters are the repeated structures and the low sensitivity in passive and active mismatches. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method, a 3rd order elliptic lowpass filter with cutoff frequency at 2MHz and pass band ripple 0.1dB is designed.
Furthermore, the design of two 12th Butterworth complex filters using current mirrors for low-IF receivers is discussed. The proposed topologies derived according to the Leapfrog and topological emulation techniques. As part of this work, a second prototype chip containing the two complex filters has been fabricated using AMS 0.35μm CMOS process. The experimental results from the fabricated chip demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed topologies; thus, they can be considered as very promising counterparts for realizing filters in modern wireless systems.
Moreover, novel analog wavelet filters suitable for cardiac signal analysis are introduced. The employed current mirrors are operating in subthreshold region, thus combining the operation under the low supply voltage of 0.5V and the low biasing currents. The simulation results evince their usefulness in nowadays biomedical applications.
Finally, a novel scheme of a low-voltage current mirror with electronically adjustable current gain is introduced. The proposed building block is suitable for electronically controllable filters or performing signal scaling. The behavior of the proposed topology is experimentally verified through a fabricated chip.
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