Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a surgical technique involving small incisions performed by an endoscope and several long, thin instruments. Because of its minimally invasive nature, MIS minimizes complications and speeds up recovery time compared to the traditional surgery. Unfortunately, from a surgeon's perspective, MIS is much more challenging than conventional surgery. Because the limited vision and sensing feedbacks, MIS a difficult skill for medical students and residents to master.There has been some research on the effectiveness of different kinds of training and guidance. Surgical simulation is increasingly perceived as a valuable addition to traditional medical training methods, although most existing simulators have limitations stemming from either a lack of objective performance assessment or an insufficient relation to the operating room reality.The objective of this research is to design and realize a novel prototype that advances the state of the art in surgical training, assessment, and guidance for MIS. The prototype features micro-sensors embedded into the instruments employed for simulation training. The system provides multiple training scenarios, a high fidelity training environment, repeatable, structured exercises, and objective performance assessment capabilities.The proposed Situational Awareness Enhancing System (SAES) uses a unified framework incorporating perception, comprehension, and projection software modules that provide feedback during the exercises and enable evaluation of the training procedure.A multiple sensor data fusion method was developed to help surgeons efficiently acquire information in real time. The output, "Hybridview", is produced by fusing the information from digital camera and magnetic position sensors, and shows an overlay of the positions of organs and objects with the trajectory of instruments. An intelligent inference engine was designed to formulate an objective standard based on the expertise of senior surgeons and to provide an accurate scoring method. A multi-level fuzzy inference engine and new performance metrics were implemented.To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed training system, numerous experiments were conducted. The results show that the situational awareness training system for MIS is useful and efficient.

My oil paintings, glass works, and mixed media are abstract meditations on familial relationships and their boundaries. The interaction between colors and layers of pigment reference human interaction. I apply veils of colors, which obscure, alter, or blend into previous layers of color. These layers metaphorically reference how family relationships affect the person we are and influence who we become. I approach my oil paintings serially and often refer to them as sisters or a family. I often work on two or more canvases at a time allowing each painting to share palettes and a similar language of shapes. When I work this way, it allows me to explore different responses to an experience. The interaction of the paint embodies struggle, and new shapes and shades of color emerge as the boundaries of painted areas are dissolved or declared. I also layer color and pigment in my glass paintings. Here, I place finely ground colored glass onto clear glass sheets, then fire it, rework it, and fire it again. Reworking the glass allows me to build a history of layers, which I relate to the way that a person carries around a history of experiences. Lastly, in my prints, I use multiple stencils to apply layers of ink to conceal or reveal the history of the work and reference the ever-changing nature of relationships. This dance of emergence and disappearance of color relates to the forced kinship of family and calls to mind the levels in relationships we build with people, consciously or not.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics and mechanism of gonad maturation including identified maturation inducing steroids and its physiological role in the final oocyte maturation (FOM) in yellowfin porgy. yellowfin porgy, Acanthopagrus latus are functional male for the first year of life but begin to change sex during the second year. Only 30~50% of cultured yellowfin porgy are change into females in 2-year-old, while 80% fish become females at 3-year-old. Vitellogenesis were observe between August and November and have the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI %) at 6.88 % and 14.35 % in 2 and 3-year-old female yellowfin porgy respectively. Highest serum levels of T occurred simultaneously during spawning season in one and two years of age in functional male, while highest level concentration E2 were observed at the same time in two and three years old female fish. GSI increased 1.5-fold during FOM and reach 2-fold at germinal vesicle breakdown stage (GVBD). Oogenesis in 3-year-old female yellowfin porgy was divided into three stages¡F(1) previtellogenic stage from February to July with the primary oocytes¡F(2) vitellogenic stage from August to October and with full growth oocyte of diameter at 400

In recent years, the IT industry in Taiwan has gradually shifted from hardware manufacturing to software design. At the same time, conflict between IT industry and MIS graduates exists: CISA (Information Service Industry Association of China, Taipei) still claims the immense shortage of IT workers no matter how high the unemployment rate is. However, MIS graduates don¡¦t get extraordinary pay due to this situation. There are two constructs used to describe the ¡§fit¡¨: person-job fit and person-organization fit. Based on the ¡§fit¡¨ concept, the purpose of this research is to find out the gap between IT manager and MIS graduate as well as other demographic variables such as sex, area and industry. According to the purposes of this research, we have discovered some important results: a. Fit between IT manager and MIS graduate¡GFreshmen of the new generation are originative¡Benergetic¡Boptimistic but less durable for frustrations. IT managers tend to expect newcomers follow work rules and norms. b. Fit between sex¡GGeneral speaking, male tends to accept work rules and norms and prefers the value of competition and result-orientation. Female has more preferences to fringe benefits and work environment and uphold originality and respect. c. Fit between areas¡GPeople living in the North Taiwan pay more attention on ¡ureward¡vand ¡ufriendship¡vin work and agree with the value of profession and human nature. Morals and traditions are highly emphasized in the South Taiwan. d. Fit between other demographic variables¡GFirst, MIS graduates of private universities place more importance on ¡ustability¡vand ¡uperformance¡vthan that of national universities. Second, IT managers under 40 years old have more willingness to offer higher reward conditions for Freshmen and more agreement with the value of ¡ucreative humanity¡v. Finally, people in software service industry think highly of ¡ureward¡vand the value of ¡ucreative humanity¡v¡B¡umorality¡vand ¡urespect¡v.

Th.--Électronique--Toulouse--I.N.P., 1984. N°: 87.

This research project addresses the issues affecting information technology development and deployment. The issues represented in this study are addressed in the context of IT implementation processes, especially with regard to the question of the needs and perceptions of administrators from the local government arena. In addition, this study will provide an exploratory look at the problematic issues surrounding IT implementation and how local government administrators--in particular--perceive them. More specifically, this study provides the following: a discussion of management and organizational issues that have a direct relationship to IT and local government implementation needs; a discussion of the problems which are specific to local government executives with regard to IT implementation; a comprehensive view of the overriding problems associated with the IT development and deployment process in local government; descriptive data revealing local government executive's perceptions about the issues surrounding IT development processes; and a basis for development of an IT implementation framework for local government. Each of these provisions is integral to developing a comprehensive understanding of the problems associated with the planning, acquisition, and implementation of ITs in local government. These provisions lay the foundations for future development of an IT implementation framework for local government. The research in this study suggests that there are three primary results, which are shown here. The first is that strategic planning for IT is fundamental to the ultimate effectiveness of IT implementation. Planning with regard to IT acquisition and deployment has proven to be a difficult accomplishment regardless of organization type or sector. This study specifically addresses many of the issues surrounding this problem, as it is integral to the implementation process as a whole. Secondly, it is shown that interdepartmental coordination has proven to be a major factor in effective IT implementation. Previous studies in this area have shown a propensity over the course of the development of IT towards decentralization of the acquisition and management of technologies. This trend speaks directly to the issue of interdepartmental coordination and the difficulties local government managers face when attempting to implement ITs in their organizations. Finally, it is shown that the expertise levels of executives with regard to IT has proven to be a contributing factor to effectiveness of the IT development and deployment process. / Ph. D.

No description available.

No description available.

In the presented thesis we investigate heteroepitaxial growth of one element (one type of adsorbate A with negative or positive misfit relative to substrate S) and static properties of two-component surface alloy, i.e. ternary system (two types of adsorbate A and B with negative and positive misfit relative to different substrat S). We use Monte Carlo simulations for an off-lattice model in (1+1) dimensions with Lennard-Jones interaction. In case of incoherent heteroepitaxial growth we investigate formation of misfit dislocations, their influence on structure of growing film and impurity-induced formation of dislocations. Two different types of formation of dislocations are found, depending on the sign and magnitude of misfit. Simulations of static properties of two-component surface alloys show that morphology is quite different for phase separation (formation of domains consist of one type of particles in direction along and vertically towards to substrate-adsorbate interface) and intermixing regime. The structures, which emerged, depend on relative misfit, interaction and concentration of individual elements.

[pt] A construção de uma nova sede para o cinquentenário Museu da Imagem e do Som do Rio de Janeiro na praia de Copacabana é parte do momento de requalificação da cidade do Rio que busca imprimir um viés turístico e cosmopolita à cidade. O projeto é uma iniciativa do Governo do Estado através da Secretaria de Estado de Cultura em parceria com a Fundação Roberto Marinho. O projeto arquitetônico assinado pelo escritório americano Diller Scofidio ocupa uma área total de sete mil metros quadrados, no endereço Avenida Atlântica n 3432, conhecido endereço da cidade que antes era ocupado pela discoteca Help. O prédio foi idealizado para se tornar um ícone arquitetônico para a cidade e para Rio no momento em que a cidade se volta para o competitivo sistema global. O objetivo principal da tese é demonstrar que o Novo Museu tem um duplo propósito integrado. Ao ser lugar de guarda de um importante acervo da cultura carioca visa consolidar valores estéticos e estilos de vida considerados tipicamente cariocas, que muitas vezes são tratados como metonímias da nação, mas que no MIS são convocados a conclamar a identidade carioca como parte do deslocamento do Rio-nacional para o Rio-local. Ao mesmo tempo, o conjunto de ideias que atravessa a elaboração da nova sede do MIS esbarra constantemente na noção de resistência, termo que acompanha o imaginário da cultura carioca como vetor de elaboração de uma identidade local que tensiona o imaginário nacional, buscando recuperar o protagonismo de uma narrativa hegemônica carioca de alguma forma perdida. A resistência é um conceito-chave nesse processo, que permite deslocar para o plano cultural as disputas discursivas e políticas que cercam os jogos de poder em torno da relevância econômica, cultural e política do Rio no cenário nacional desde a transferência da capital. É fundamentalmente no campo das manifestações culturais que esse processo irá se desenvolver, embaralhando o potente imaginário do Rio e da cultura carioca como resistência com um conjunto de valores e imposições que parecem a todo instante questionar a legitimidade e o valor cultural (e político) da cidade e de sua cultura. / [en] The construction of a new headquarters for the fifty-year-old Museum of Image and Sound of Rio de Janeiro (MIS) at Copacabana district is part of the reshaping of the city of Rio that seeks to improve its tourism and cosmopolitan bias. The project is an initiative of the State Government of Rio de Janeiro through the Secretary of State for Culture in partnership with the Roberto Marinho Foundation. The architectural project signed by the American office Diller Scofidio occupies a total area of 7,000 square meters, at Avenida Atlântica 3432, a well-known address of the city, formerly occupied by the Help disco. The building was designed to become an architectural icon for the city as Rio was presented in a competitive global system. The main purpose of the thesis is to demonstrate that the New Museum has a double purpose. Being the place of custody of an important collection of Carioca culture, it aims to consolidate aesthetic values and lifestyles considered to be typical of Rio, which are often treated as metonym of the nation. However, the MIS activates the Carioca identity as an act that deals with the displacement from the Rio-national to the Rio-local. At the same time, the set of ideas around the new headquarters of the MIS is often expressed through the notion of resistance, a term that highlights a somehow lost hegemonic Carioca identity within the national culture. Resistance is a key concept in this process, which allows the move of political and discursive disputes into the cultural realm. Disputes lived as power struggles intensified since the transfer of the capital to Brasília, surrounded by debates about the political, cultural and economical relevance of Rio in national scenario. It is fundamentally in the field of the culture that this process will develop, merging the potential imaginary of Rio and the Carioca culture as resistance with a set of values and impositions that insists in denying the legitimacy and the cultural (and political) value of the city and its culture.