Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-09-26T13:12:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Masiero Gil_.pdf: 7085344 bytes, checksum: 32676c681f7f8f1de66f6a4b43f3e394 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T13:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto Masiero Gil_.pdf: 7085344 bytes, checksum: 32676c681f7f8f1de66f6a4b43f3e394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-29 / itt Performance - Instituto Tecnológico em Desempenho da Construção Civil / O concreto autoadensável (CAA) é conhecido por sua elevada fluidez e estabilidade reológica no estado fresco, enquanto que o concreto reforçado com fibras (CRF) é conhecido por sua elevada capacidade de absorção de energia, evitando a ruptura frágil do material. Na última década, tem sido buscada a sinergia destas tecnologias com o concreto autoadensável reforçado com fibras (CAA-RF), que, além de apresentar propriedades mecânicas avançadas, permite uma melhor dispersão das fibras. No entanto, a incorporação de fibras tende a ocasionar a perda de trabalhabilidade da mistura, devido ao intertravamento com os agregados e ao aumento da área superficial de materiais secos na mistura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um método de dosagem de CAA-RF, relacionando propriedades nos estados fresco e endurecido. Assim, a composição da mistura é alterada de modo a incluir fibras, mantendo a mesma espessura de argamassa sobre os agregados e as fibras da mistura de CAA original, considerando a área superficial de seus componentes e a composição volumétrica. Foram realizadas dosagens com três tipos de fibras metálicas, de diferentes características geométricas, incorporadas em três teores, de modo a compor o diagrama de dosagem proposto. Os resultados dos ensaios realizados no estado fresco evidenciaram pequenas alterações em suas propriedades, com o aumento do espalhamento, porém atendendo às mesmas classes da mistura referência. Verificou-se, no entanto, que misturas com maiores teores de fibras mais longas e com maior fator de forma apresentaram maior perda de estabilidade e de dispersão das fibras, evidenciando a ocorrência de segregação pelo excesso de fluidez das misturas. A partir dos ensaios no estado endurecido foi possível verificar que a incorporação de fibras pelo método proposto contribuiu para o aumento das propriedades mecânicas das misturas, com exceção do módulo de elasticidade. Foram verificados valores de resistência à compressão na ordem de 84,5 MPa, com influência significativa do tipo de fibra, de acordo com a análise de variância realizada. A instabilidade de algumas misturas afetou a distribuição de fibras na seção fissurada, apesar de haver o aumento do fator de tenacidade com o teor de incorporação, principal parâmetro adotado no diagrama de dosagem proposto. / Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is known for its high fluidity and rheological stability in the fresh state, while fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is known for its high energy absorption capacity, avoiding fragile rupture. In the last decade, the synergy of these technologies has been researched with self-consolidating fiber-reinforced concrete (FR-SCC), which allows better dispersion of the fibers, in addition to the advanced mechanical properties. However, the incorporation of fibers tends to cause the mixture’s loss of workability due to its interlocking with the aggregates and the increase of dry materials’ surface area in the mixture. This study aimed to contribute to the development of a mix design method for FR-SCC, relating properties in the fresh and hardened states. Thus, the mixture composition is modified to include fibers maintaining the same mortar thickness over aggregates and fibers as in the original SCC mixture, considering the surface area of its components and the volumetric composition. Mixtures with three types of steel fibers, of different geometric characteristics, incorporated in three contents each in order to compose the proposed mix design nomogram. The results of the tests performed in the fresh state showed small changes in their properties, with the increase of the slump-flow, but attending the same classes of the reference mixture. It was verified, however, that mixtures with higher fiber content, longer and with higher aspect ratio, showed greater loss of stability and fiber dispersion, evidencing the occurrence of fiber segregation due to excess mixture fluidity. From the tests in the hardened state it was possible to verify that the incorporation of fibers by the proposed method contributed to the improvement of mechanical properties, with the exception of the modulus of elasticity. Compressive strength values were verified in the order of 84.5 MPa, with significant influence of the fiber type, according to the analysis of variance performed. Although the instability of some blends in the fresh state affected the distribution of fibers in the cracked section, the toughness factor increased with the incorporation content, main parameter adopted in the dosage diagram.

A atividade de mineração de caulim, no Pará, produz cerca de 1,5 milhões de toneladas/ano de caulim beneficiado para uso na indústria de papel e, em consequência, é gerado um grande volume de rejeito de caulim, cujo aproveitamento como material de pavimentação pode reduzir o passivo ambiental. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica do uso de rejeito de caulim como fíler em concretos asfálticos, considerando aspectos relacionados à dosagem Marshall e propriedades de engenharia. Para isso, foram produzidas doze misturas asfálticas, que resultaram da combinação dos fatores: tipo de ligante asfáltico (CAP 50/70 e CAP 30/45) e tipo/teor de fíler (granito, 1,5%, 3,0% e 6,0% de caulim, 1,5% de cal e 3,0% de caulim + 1,5% de cal), as quais foram avaliadas à luz dos resultados de dosagens Marshall, de ensaios mecânicos (RT, MR, fadiga e creep estático) e relacionados à durabilidade (de susceptibilidade térmica e ao dano por umidade). Adicionalmente, foram testadas correlações entre os parâmetros de caracterização do fíler \"teor de caulim\", \"D10\", \"D30\", \"D60\" e \"módulo de finura\" (MF) versus parâmetros de dosagens e propriedades mecânicas e de durabilidade. Os resultados das dosagens indicaram que as mudanças do tipo de CAP e/ou do tipo e teor de fíler não influenciaram significativamente os teores de projeto (TP variaram entre 5,3 e 5,6%); no entanto, os valores de estabilidade das misturas com CAP 30/45 foram superiores aos das misturas com CAP 50/70, e as misturas com 6,0% de caulim apresentaram baixa estabilidade e elevada fluência, para ambos os ligantes asfálticos. As misturas sem cal não atenderam a RRT mínima de 70%, o que foi atribuído à má adesividade do granito com os ligantes asfálticos. Por isso, em termos de dosagem, apenas as misturas contendo cal atenderam a todas as exigências do DER/SP. Quanto aos ensaios mecânicos, constatou-se que nas misturas com CAP 30/45, a rigidez e as resistências à tração e à fadiga foram maiores e a susceptibilidade térmica foi menor em relação às misturas com CAP 50/70. Para ambos ligantes asfálticos, a adição de rejeito de caulim aumentou a rigidez e a vida de fadiga e melhorou a susceptibilidade térmica, porém reduziu as resistências à tração e à deformação permanente. Identificou-se que o efeito do tipo de ligante asfáltico está mais relacionado às propriedades mecânicas e à susceptibilidade térmica, e o efeito do tipo de fíler, às propriedades volumétricas, aos parâmetros de deformação permanente e de susceptibilidade ao dano por umidade. Complementarmente, mostrou-se que os parâmetros de caracterização \"teor de caulim\" e \"MF\" se correlacionaram melhor com os parâmetros das dosagens Marshall e do ensaio de creep estático, respectivamente. Por fim, conclui-se que o uso de rejeito de caulim como fíler em concreto asfáltico é tecnicamente viável, para ambos os tipos de ligante asfáltico, em teores de adição de até 3,0% e associado à cal. / Mining activity of kaolin, in Pará, produces around 1.5 million ton/year of processed Kaolin for paper industry, as a consequence, a substantial volume of waste is generated. The use of kaolin waste might reduce the environmental legacy. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the technical feasibility of kaolin waste as filler in hot mix asphalt, considering aspects related to mix design and engineering properties. For this, twelve asphalt mixtures were produced from the combination of factors: type of asphalt binder (CAP 50/70 e CAP 30/45) and type/content of filler (granite, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0% of kaolin waste, 1.5% of lime and 3.0% of kaolin waste+1.5% of lime). Asphalt mixtures were evaluated based on results from Marshall design, mechanical (ITS, RM, fatigue and static creep) and durability (thermal and moisture susceptibilities) tests. Additionally, filler-characterization parameters (kaolin content, D10, D30, D60 and fineness modulus, FM) were correlated to the Marshall\'s parameters and to the mechanical and durability properties. Marshall design results indicated that the changes of asphalt binder and types/content of filler did not significantly influence asphalt content (variation from 5.3 to 5.6%), however, stability values of mixtures with CAP 30/45 were higher than the mixtures with CAP 50/70. Mixtures containing 6% of Kaolin presented low stability and high flow, for both asphalt binders. Mixtures without lime did not reach minimum TSR value (70%), which was attributed to the poor adhesion between granite aggregates and asphalt binders. Therefore, regarding Marshall parameters, only asphalt mixtures with lime met all of DOT/Sao Paulo\'s standard requirements. Concerning mechanical tests, it was showed that, in mixtures with CAP 30/45, stiffness, tensile strength and fatigue resistance were higher and the thermal susceptibility was lower when compared to mixtures with CAP 50/70. Kaolin addition increased stiffness and fatigue life, but, decreased tensile strength and rutting resistance. Mechanical properties and thermal susceptibility were quite affected by asphalt binder whereas volumetric and rutting properties and moisture damage were most influenced by filler type and content. Furthermore, kaolin content and FM well correlated with Marshall and rutting parameters, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that the use of kaolin waste as filler in hot mix asphalt is technically feasible, for both tested asphalt binders, at contents up to 3.0% and combined with 1.5% of lime.

Consiste en el desarrollo de un método de ensayo que permite la caracterización de mezclas bituminosas de granulometría abierta valorando la resistencia de estas mezclas a los esfuerzos disgredores del tráfico. Se ha procedido a su normalización y a la determinación de la precisión asociada a dicho proceso de medida. Este procedimiento ha sido aplicado a la caracterización de mezclas bituminosas porosas (porous asphalt). / The thesis deals with the development of a test method that characterises open-graded bituminous mixtures studying the resistance of these mixtures to the traffic dispersing strengthes/forces/efforts. The test method has been standardised and the accuracy associated to this measurement process has been determined. The procedure has been applied to characterise porous asphalt mixtures.

Dans le cadre du stockage des déchets radioactifs en couches géologiques profondes (argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien), des bétons à faible alcalinité et à faible chaleur d'hydratation référencés "bas pH " ont été élaborés. L'utilisation de ces types de béton permet de limiter la dégradation des propriétés confinantes du matériau argileux type bentonite. Deux bétons bas pH à base de liants ternaires ont étudiés : un composé de ciment, fumée de silice et cendres volantes (TCV) et l'autre composé de ciment, fumée de silice et laitier moulu de haut fourneau (TL). L'objectif de l'étude est d'analyser le comportement de ces matériaux pour s'assurer : d'une mise en œuvre correcte à l'échelle industrielle, d'une bonne tenue chimique et mécanique dans le temps et d'un confinement performant. Le programme expérimental comprend la caractérisation physico-chimique et mécanique de ces matériaux à forte teneur en additions et est couplé à de la modélisation dans le but, in fine, de disposer d'outils permettant de prédire leur comportement au sein de l'ouvrage. Les résultats montrent qu'un cobroyage des constituants du liant permet d'améliorer la réactivité du liant et de s'assurer d'une bonne robustesse des formules de béton. La condition essentielle de l'obtention d'un pH de leur solution interstitielle de 11 est assurée dès 28 jours. Les bétons peuvent être considérés à faible chaleur d'hydratation du fait des échauffements rencontrés à court terme. A long terme, de hautes performances mécaniques, de faibles coefficients de perméabilité et de diffusion sont obtenus sur ces matériaux. Les modélisations de l'hydratation, de l'évolution de propriétés mécaniques, de l'endommagement, des déformations différées et des transferts hydriques ont été abordées. Le modèle d'hydratation utilisé a été adapté aux liants ternaires en prenant en compte les phénomènes de nucléation des additions sur l'hydratation du ciment. Pour les autres modèles, l'acquisition des mesures expérimentales a permis de fournir les données d'entrée pour leur utilisation et de vérifier leur validité sur des liants fortement dilués. Tous ces travaux permettent au final d'envisager sereinement la modélisation et la prédiction du comportement des structures réalisées en béton bas pH. / In the context of the radioactive wastes disposal in deep geological repository of clay, low-alkalinity and low heat of hydration concretes referenced "low pH " were designed. The degradation of the properties of the clay can be limited by using these types of concrete. Two types of low pH binder were chosen for this research: the first one is comprised of cement, silica fume and fly ash (TCV) and the other one is comprised of cement, silica fume and slag (TL). The objective of this research is to comprehend the behavior of these concrete in order to ensure the well-placing of the fresh concrete at an industrial scale and good mechanical performances, chemical stability and confining properties. The experimental program focuses on a physico-chemical and mechanical characterization of these recent materials with high pozzolanic addition content. The experimental data are then modeled for the purpose of having a tool that, in the end, is able to predict the behavior of the low pH concretes within the structure. The results show that grinding altogether the three constituents improves the reactivity of the binder and allows a good reproducibility of the low pH design. The most important criterion which is a pH of the interstitial solution below 11 is met at 28 days. The heat measurements at early age show that the low pH concretes are low heat of hydration concretes as well. In the long run, high mechanical performances, low permeabilities and diffusivities were obtained on these materials. The modeling of the hydration, evolution of mechanical properties, damage, creep and hydric transfers is also covered in this thesis. The model of hydration was adjusted to match the hydration of ternary binders by taking into account the effects of the additions such as the heterogeneous nucleation, on the hydration of the cement. As for the other models, the experimental results were used as data input to validate the models on binders with high replacement rates. Ultimately, this work allows us to contemplate serenely the modeling and the prediction of the behavior of structure made of low pH concretes.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento do concreto leve com pérolas de poliestireno expandido (expanded polystyrene – EPS), para posterior utilização em estruturas pré-moldadas constituídas, por exemplo, por painéis de paredes e lajes sujeitas a ações mecânicas. Também foram considerados parâmetros de durabilidade e mecanismos de redução da porosidade. Dentre um universo de solicitações a que as estruturas de concreto leve podem estar submetidas, analisaram-se, para diferentes dosagens: resistência à compressão axial, módulo de elasticidade, absorção de água, resistência à tração na compressão diametral e na flexão. Foram incorporadas pérolas de EPS como componente para proporcionar redução do peso do concreto. Esse concreto leve pode, também, conter sílica ativa para reduzir a porosidade e melhorar a durabilidade das estruturas confeccionadas com esse material. As dosagens de concreto leve com EPS estudadas foram compostas basicamente por: cimento CPV-ARI, agregado miúdo (areia), pérolas de EPS, água e aditivo superplastificante. Ao final da pesquisa, após análise de 45 misturas, observaram-se ganhos de desempenho mecânico com a adição de sílica ativa, adição de fibras de aço, ajuste na granulometria do agregado miúdo e redução do teor de EPS nas misturas, obtendo-se resistência à compressão na ordem de 16 MPa e massa aparente de 1370 kg/m³, com fator de equivalência (FE) correspondente ou superior ao de um concreto convencional de 20 MPa e 2400 kg/m³. Deve-se ressaltar que o emprego de EPS no concreto reduz o peso dos elementos de construção, estruturais ou não, e o consumo de agregados (areia e brita ou seixo), do mesmo modo que o uso de adições minerais reduz o consumo de cimento. / This study aimed to analyse the lightweight concrete behavior with expanded polystyrene beads (EPS beads) for later use in precast structures made of walls panels and slabs, for example, structures under mechanical actions. Durability parameters and mechanisms of porosity reduction were also considered. Among a universe of requests which structures of lightweight concrete can be submitted, were analysed to different mix designs: compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, tensile strength in the splitting and in the flexure tests. EPS beads were incorporate as raw material to provide weight reduction to the concrete. This lightweight concrete can also have silica fume to reduce its porosity and to improve durability of structures made with this material. The lightweight concrete mix designs studied were basically composed by: high initial strength cement, small aggregate (sand), EPS beads, water and superplasticizer additive. At the end of the research, after 45 mixtures analysis, mechanical performance gains were observed with the addition of silica fume, addition of steel fibers, adjusting in the fine aggregate\'s particle size and reducing of EPS content in the mixtures, obtaining compressive strength in the order of 16 MPa and apparent mass of 1370 kg/m³, with equivalence factor (EF) corresponding to or higher than that of an ordinary concrete of 20 MPa and 2400 kg/m³. It should be emphasized that the use of EPS in the concrete reduces the weight of the building members, whether structural or not, and the aggregates consumption (sand and gravel or pebble), in the same way as the employment of mineral additions reduces the consumption of cement.

Chacun s’accorde à reconnaître aujourd’hui que les activités humaines impactent significativement le climat de la planète. Le secteur de la construction est l’un des principaux responsables de cette situation car c’est le premier consommateur d’énergie et le deuxième émetteur de CO2 dans le monde. Il importe par conséquent de réaliser des bâtiments éco-respectueux, qui consomment peu d’énergie et émettent moins de gaz à effet de serre sur l’ensemble de leur cycle de vie. La présente étude s’intègre alors dans une problématique générale de développement de matériaux de construction innovants à impact environnemental réduit. Nous nous proposons ainsi d’utiliser la balle de riz comme granulat végétal dans une matrice cimentaire. L’objectif du travail est de proposer une méthode de formulation des bétons à bases de granulats végétaux et d’étudier le comportement mécanique et thermique du béton de balle de riz. Les essais de prise réalisés sur de la pâte de ciment pure formulée avec de l’eau issue de l’infusion de la balle de riz ont montré que ces granulats n’ont pas d’effet inhibiteur sur la prise du ciment. Pour confirmer cette hypothèse, une analyse chimique de la balle de riz a été réalisée et les résultats ont montré le taux d’extractibles des balles de riz est quasi nul contrairement à d’autres granulats végétaux tels que le chanvre et le bois. La méthode de formulation proposée consiste à déterminer la compacité du squelette végétal pour un mode de mise en œuvre déterminé, puis à formuler la pâte liante qui va occuper le volume poreux intergranulaire résiduel. La pâte est constituée du liant, de l’eau efficace, des additions et adjuvants éventuels, et de l’air piégé et/ou entrainé. Pour un volume d’air donné (et d’additions), les quantités de ciment et d’eau efficace sont alors ajustées pour atteindre les performances visées, sur la base de la loi de Féret. Cependant, pour ce type de béton, l’important volume d’air entrainé dépend (lui aussi) de la quantité de ciment et d’eau présents dans le mélange, de l’intensité du malaxage et du mode de coulage. Un modèle décrivant le volume d’air résiduel a été alors calibré à partir d’essais réalisés avec les constituants du béton que l’on souhaite fabriquer. Enfin le problème de la formulation est solutionné en recourant à un module d’optimisation numérique. Dans le but de valider le modèle, la méthode de formulation a été appliquée à cinq échantillons dont les résistances visées sont 0,5 ; 1 ; 2 ; 4 et 8 MPa. Les performances obtenues sont assez proches de celles visées. Par ailleurs il a été constaté que le mode de conservation des éprouvettes influe beaucoup sur les résistances mécaniques du matériau. En effet, une cure en condition dessiccation peut faire chuter les résistances mécaniques jusqu’à 60%. Les meilleures résistances obtenues ont été observées sur les éprouvettes conservées à 95 % de HR. Les mesures de la conductivité thermique ont montré que le béton de balle de riz constitue une très bonne alternative à des systèmes plus conventionnels en termes d’isolation thermique. La valeur moyenne de la conductivité thermique du béton de balle de riz varie en fonction du dosage en liant entre 0,070 W/(m.K) et 0,171 W/(m.K). L’évolution de la conductivité thermique en fonction de la masse volumique et du dosage en ciment est linéaire / Everyone agrees today that human activities significantly affect the climate of the planet. The construction sector is one of the main contributors to this situation as it is the largest energy consumer and the second largest CO2 emitter in the world. It is therefore important to build eco-friendly buildings, which consume little energy and emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle. The present study is then integrated into a general problem of development of innovative building materials with reduced environmental impact. We propose to use the rice husk as a vegetable aggregate in a cementitious matrix. The objective of the work is to propose a method for the mix design of concretes based on plant aggregates and to study the mechanical and thermal behavior of rice husk concrete. Setting tests on pure cement paste formulated with water resulting from the infusion of the rice husk showed that these aggregates had no inhibiting effect on the setting of the cement. To confirm this hypothesis, a chemical analysis of the rice husk was carried out and the results showed that the extractable ratio of rice husks is almost zero, unlike other plant aggregates such as hemp and wood. The proposed formulation method consists in determining the packing density of the plant skeleton for a given method of implementation and then in proportioning the binder paste which will occupy the residual intergranular pore volume. The paste is consisted of the binder, the effective water, the possible additions and admixture, and trapped air and/or entrained air. For a given volume of air (and additions), the quantities of cement and effective water are then adjusted to achieve the targeted performances, based on the law of Féret. However, for this type of concrete, the large volume of entrained air also depends on the quantity of cement and water present in the mixture, the intensity of the mixing and the casting mode. A model describing the volume of residual air was then calibrated from tests carried out with the components of the concrete that it is desired to manufacture. Finally, the problem of formulation is solved by using a numerical optimization module. In order to validate the model, the method for the mix design was applied to five samples with a target resistance of 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 8 MPa. The performances obtained are quite similar to those targeted. In addition, it has been observed that the preservation mode of the specimens has a significant influence on the mechanical strength of the material. Indeed, a cure in desiccation condition can reduce the mechanical resistances up to 60%. The best resistances obtained were observed on the specimens preserved at 95 % RH. Measurements of thermal conductivity have shown that rice husk concrete is a very good alternative to more conventional systems in terms of thermal insulation. The average value of the thermal conductivity of the rice husk concrete varies depending on the binder dosage between 0.070 W/(m.K) and 0.171 W/(m.K). The evolution of the thermal conductivity as a function of the density and the cement dosage is linear

Concrete, the second most used material in the world, presents great performance and economic benefits. Yet, it is often characterized by a brittle behaviour, low tensile strength, and toughness. Fibers are usually added to concrete to counteract its brittle behaviour, increasing ductility and toughness, controlling crack propagation and delaying concrete failure. However, their addition significantly worsens the fresh state performance of the material. To improve fresh state of the so-called Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), conventional mix-design methods recommend the use of high paste content, which results in a significant increase of Portland cement (PC) content and raises the carbon footprint of the material. The latter is responsible for 8% of the global annual carbon dioxide (CO2) anthropogenic emissions. Given the current worldwide concerns on global warming, the construction industry is in a need to lessen the demand, and thus production of PC. Recent studies have been focusing on the use of advanced mix-design techniques (i.e. particle packing models- PPMs) along with Inert Fillers (IF) as an alternative to reduce PC content in concrete. However, the latter was not applied to conventional FRC. In this work, advanced mix design techniques (i.e. PPMs) are used to overcome the aforementioned issues and mix-proportion eco-efficient FRC with low cement content (< 300 kg/m3). Fresh (i.e. VeBe time, slump, rheological behaviour) and hardened (i.e. compressive strength, and flexural behaviour) state tests were performed on the proposed mixtures and compared with control high PC content (375 kg/m3) FRC mixes. Results show that PPM designed mixes presented higher minimum torque (yield stress) but quite comparable apparent viscositiy when compared to conventionally designed mixtures. Moreover, the flowability (i.e. VeBe time, and slump) tends to decrease as fiber content, length, and/or as the amount of fillers increase in the mixtures. In addition, PPM mixes exhibited a shear thinning behaviour following the Herschel-Bulkley model, which enables the design of FRC PPM mix-proportioned mixtures for applications requiring high torque regimes such as vibrated and/or pumped concrete. Finally, results show that the use of PPMs to mix proportion eco-efficient low cement FRC mixtures produced improved hardened (i.e. compressive strength, and flexural performance) state behaviour with lower environmental impact than conventional ACI designed FRC mixtures.

El crecimiento acelerado de las urbes y el uso de materiales impermeables han impactado negativamente en el ciclo hidrológico. Las fuertes precipitaciones durante la época de lluvias generan el colapso de redes de alcantarillado en ciudades con la infraestructura inadecuada. Dicha escorrentía acelera el deterioro de los pavimentos, además de la incomodidad y peligro debido al hidroplaneo que impacta en los peatones. El concreto permeable es un material adecuado para mitigar estos problemas debido a su propiedad de discurrir el agua entre sus poros, además de ser ecológico y sostenible. Ya que su resistencia es menor a la del concreto convencional, su uso es limitado en pavimentos rígidos, por ello la incorporación de fibras le proporcionaría un mejor desempeño mecánico. Mediante un análisis cualitativo de diversos factores, se determinó que las fibras de basalto optimizarían el comportamiento del concreto permeable para su aplicación en pavimentos urbanos. Además, se tomó en consideración que el suelo del área de estudio es de grava y la infiltración requerida es de 192.22mm/h. El diseño de mezcla de referencia corresponde a similares características con el área de estudio y finalmente las cantidades requeridas en el diseño de esta investigación son 443.12 kg/m3 de cemento, 130.43 l/m3 de agua, 135.16 kg/m3 de agregado fino, 1312.04 kg/m3 de agregado grueso, 3.99 kg/m3 de aditivo superplastificante; añadido a fibras de basalto en porcentajes de 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% y 0.3% respecto del diseño de mezcla. / The accelerated growth of cities and the use of waterproof materials have negatively impacted the hydrological cycle. Heavy rainfall during the rainy season leads to the collapse of sewerage networks in cities with inadequate infrastructure. Such runoff accelerates the deterioration of pavements, in addition to the discomfort and danger due to hydroplaning that impacts pedestrians. Pervious concrete is a suitable material to mitigate these problems due to its property of running water through its pores, in addition to being ecological and sustainable. Since its resistance is less than that of conventional concrete, its use is limited in rigid pavements, therefore the incorporation of fibers would provide better mechanical performance. Through a qualitative analysis of various factors, it was determined that basalt fibers would optimize the behavior of pervious concrete for application in urban pavements. In addition, it was taken into consideration that the soil of the study area is gravel and the required infiltration is 192.22 mm/h. The reference mix design corresponds to similar characteristics with the study area and finally the quantities required in the design of this research are 443.12 kg/m3 of cement, 130.43 l / m3 of water, 135.16 kg/m3 of fine aggregate, 1312.04 kg/m3 of coarse aggregate, 3.99 kg/m3 of superplasticizer additive; added to basalt fibers in percentages of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% with respect to the mix design. / Trabajo de investigación

En el Perú, las vías de comunicación más utilizadas son las terrestres, entre las cuales, las más importantes son las carreteras, estas presentan deficiencias debido a distintos factores relacionados con errores en el diseño, proceso constructivo y mantenimiento. En la actualidad, la ciudad de Lima, que posee casi un tercio de la población del Perú, presenta un alto volumen de tráfico vehicular, que afecta especialmente a las vías de Lima Sur donde la exposición a los sulfatos es alta y la capacidad portante del suelo es reducida. Considerando esto, en Lima sur se necesitan construcciones apropiadas de pavimentos de concreto con la tecnología adecuada, y con materiales óptimos, que puedan proveer un servicio de calidad con poco mantenimiento. Además, se deben tomar en cuenta procesos industriales que eleven el estándar de calidad y que optimicen el costo de inversión con la mejora de rendimientos. Por todo, ello se plantea el uso de pavimentos CRCP con cementos puzolánicas en su diseño. En esta investigación se realizó el diseño de ocho mezclas de concreto con cementos puzolánicos Tipo HS e IPM, dentro de las cuales se escogió una de ellas para ser aplicada como alternativa de solución para mejorar la durabilidad de los pavimentos rígidos en las carreteras del sur de Lima. Dicho diseño asegura una resistencia a la compresión superior a 310 kg/cm2, un módulo de rotura mayor a 35 kg/cm2, una relación agua/cemento menor a 0.45 y un slump de 2 ½” en obra, el cual es ideal para su uso con pavimentadora de encofrados deslizantes. Para validar estas características del concreto se realizaron ensayos en estado fresco y endurecido en laboratorio. Además, se realizó un análisis costo – beneficio comparando pavimentos flexibles, JPCP y CRCP utilizando la mezcla optima. / In Peru, the most important routes are terrestrial, among which, the most common are roadways, these present many deficiencies due to different factors related to errors in design, construction process and maintenance. Nowadays, in Lima, which has almost a third of the population of Peru, presents a large traffic volume, and this significantly affects the roads, especially in the South, where the pavement is highly exposed to sulfates and the natural subgrades have a relatively low bearing capacity. Considering this, in the south region of Lima appropriate constructions of concrete pavements are necessary, using the correct technology and with optimal materials, so they can provide a quality service with low maintenance. On the other hand, industrial processes should be applied to improve the quality and optimize the investment with efficiency. For all of this, the use of CRCP with pozzolanic cements is proposed. This research carried out the design of eight concrete mixtures with pozzolanic cements type HS and IPM, within which one of them was chosen to be applied as an alternative to improve the durability of rigid pavements in this zone. This design ensures a compressive strength of 310 kg / cm2, a rupture modulus of 35 kg / cm2, a water/cement ratio of less than 0.45 and a slump of 2½” in the workplace, which is ideal for a constructive process with a slip formed paving machine. To validate these main characteristics of the concrete, experiments took place in the laboratory for the concrete in fresh and hardened state. In addition, a cost – benefit analysis comparing different types of pavement (flexible, JPCP y CRCP) was made using the optimal mixture obtained in this research. / Tesis

El objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar concreto con agregado grueso reciclado con resistencia a la compresión de f´c = 210 kg/cm2 y demostrar su viabilidad para construcción de muros prefabricados de viviendas modulares con el método ACI en el distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, Lima. Basándose en ello, se busca incentivar el reciclaje para la fabricación de viviendas modulares que ofrezcan una mejor calidad de vida. Se desarrolló una investigación de tipo aplicada y experimental, realizado con una muestra de 280 probetas y 10 vigas de concreto natural y reciclado. Como técnica principal se utilizó el estudio de campo y como instrumento, el análisis de datos cuantitativos. Se recolectó un conglomerado de 5 m3 de material de demolición de una acera de concreto y se realizó el proceso de transformación para obtener agregado grueso reciclado en tamaño nominal de 1”. Se diseñó mezclas de concreto con agregado natural y agregado reciclado al 25%, 50%, 75% y 100% de sustitución, realizándose ensayos por resistencia a la compresión, flexión y tracción al concreto endurecido. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis de costos sobre la producción por m3 entre el concreto con agregado reciclado versus el concreto con agregado convencional. Además, se diseñó un módulo familiar con concreto reciclado y se analizó su comportamiento estructural en un software. Finalmente, el agregado grueso de concreto reciclado puede sustituir al 100% la piedra natural triturada y con ello disminuir la explotación de la corteza terrestre para la extracción de piedra natural. / The research objective is to design concrete with recycled coarse aggregate with compression resistance of f´c = 210 kg/cm2, and to demonstrate its viability for the construction of prefabricated walls of modular homes with the ACI method in the district of Villa María del Triunfo in Lima. According to this, it seeks to encourage the use of recycled materials in modular homes manufacturing which also offers a better quality of life. Applied experimental research was carried out with a sample of 280 specimens and 10 beams of natural and recycled concrete. The main technique used was the field study, and the instrument, quantitative data analysis. A conglomerate of 5 m3 of demolition material was collected from a concrete sidewalk and the transformation process was carried out to obtain recycled coarse aggregate in nominal size of 1". Mixtures of concrete with natural aggregate and recycled aggregate at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% replacement levels were designed, performing tests for resistance to compression, bending and traction to hardened concrete. In addition, a cost analysis on the production per m3 was carried out, comparing concrete with recycled aggregate versus concrete with conventional aggregate. Furthermore, a module with recycled concrete was designed and its structural behavior was analyzed in a structural design software. In conclusion, the coarse recycled concrete aggregate can replace 100% crushed natural stone and can thereby reduce the earth's crust exploitation for the extraction of natural stone. / Tesis