The satellite industry is undergoing a transition toward "smallsat" engineering. Small satellites are becoming more attractive to customers as a method of decreasing cost. As the launch costs remain relatively constant, the industry is turning towards nano-technology, such as microelectromechanical systems, and distributed satellite systems to perform the same missions that once required super-satellites. Nanosatellites form one group of these high risk/low cost spacecraft. The Virginia Tech Ionospheric Scintillation Measurement Mission, known as HokieSat, is a 40 lb nanosatellite being designed and built by graduate and undergraduate students. The satellite is part of the Ionospheric Observation Nanosatellite Formation (ION-F) which will perform ionospheric measurements and conduct formation flying experiments. This thesis describes the design of the primary satellite structure, the analysis used to arrive at the design, the fabrication of the structure, and the experimentation used to verify the analysis. We also describe the internal and external configurations of the spacecraft and how we estimate the mass properties of the integrated satellite. The design of the spacecraft uses a composite laminate isogrid structure as a method of structural optimization. This optimization method is shown to increase the structural performance by over 20%. We conduct several finite element analyses to verify the structural integrity. We correlate these analyses with several static and modal tests to verify the models and the model boundary conditions. We perform environmental testing on the integrated spacecraft at NASA Wallops Flight Facility to investigate the properties of the structural assembly. Finally, we create a model of the ION-F stack to verify the integrity of the structure at the launch loads. We prove that the HokieSat structure will survive all environmental loads with no yielding or failures. / Master of Science

Istanbul is a city on the water and historically has been a link between East and West. Unlike most cities, ferry boats are one of the most commonly used means of travel, along with rail and bus lines. There is a contrast between the grandeur of the historic buildings as seen from the water and the unpleasantness of disembarking from the ferry, which berths at a small shed-like structure on the edge of the water which has old tires attached to piles driven into the bank of the Golden Horn. Some distance away there is a bus terminal and train stop. The paths of travel between these are unclear and the area is chaotic. Architecture has the potential to join and connect people, physical forces, the past and present at various scales. This project seeks to accomplish this connection on a particular site by building a new structure out in the water as a central focal point and joining it to rail and bus links with a tunnel and elevated covered walkways. / Master of Architecture

Apresentamos alguns aspectos da teoria de funções modais, que é o correlato modal da teoria de funções de verdade. Enquanto as fórmulas da lógica proposicional clássica expressam funções de verdade, as fórmulas da lógica proposicional modal (S5) expressam funções modais. Generalizamos alguns dos teoremas da teoria de funções de verdade para o caso modal; em particular, exibimos provas da completude funcional de alguns conjuntos de funções modais e definimos uma (nova) noção de reduto vero-funcional de funções modais, bem como a composição de funções modais em termos destes redutos. / We present some aspects of the theory of modal functions, which is the modal correlate of the theory of truth-functions. While the formulas of classical propositional logic express truth-functions, the formulas of modal propositional logic (S5) express modal functions. We generalize some theorems of the theory of truth-functions to the modal case; in particular, we show the functional completeness of some sets of modal functions and define a (new) notion of truth-functional reduct of modal functions, as well as the composition of modal functions in terms of such reducts.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalinijunior_aa_me_ilha.pdf: 4616021 bytes, checksum: bcabaa1ecc36a762e1aa65b62c75b44a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O monitoramento da integridade estrutural (SHM) de sistemas mecânicos trata-se de uma tecnologia emergente que combina modernos sensores com inteligentes algoritmos computacionais para analisar a condição da estrutura em tempo real ou quando for necessário. Segurança, alto desempenho em operação e redução nos custos de manutenção são alguns dos principais benefícios concedidos pela tecnologia SHM. Deste modo, esta tecnologia vem encontrando aceitação crescente na indústria, principalmente na aeronáutica e petrolífera onde os custos de manutenção são muito elevados. Dentre as técnicas de monitoramento desenvolvidas, a dos observadores de estado se destacou. No entanto, esta técnica SHM possui algumas restrições que motivam o interesse pelo desenvolvimento de uma nova abordagem para a mesma. Neste contexto, este trabalho alia os já conhecidos observadores de estado com as características do domínio modal a fim de determinar o modo de vibrar mais afetado pela presença de um dano qualquer no sistema monitorado. A partir do conhecimento desta informação é possível projetar, por exemplo, sistemas de controle e manutenção mais eficientes. Contudo, nesta dissertação são apresentadas aplicações numéricas e experimentais em diferentes sistemas mecânicos a fim de detalhar e demonstrar a técnica SHM via Observador de Estado Modal, inicialmente proposta aqui. Algumas destas aplicações contam ainda com sensores e atuadores piezelétricos acoplados as estruturas. Os resultados encontrados mostram pontos favoráveis e desfavoráveis da técnica proposta / Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an emerging technology that combines modern sensors with intelligent algorithms to analyze the structural condition in real time or specific time. Security, high operation performance and maintenance reduction costs are some of the key benefits provided by this technology. Not surprisingly, the SHM techniques have recently received increased attention in aircraft and oil industries. Among the developed SHM techniques, state observers had special attention. However, this technique presents some restrictions that motivate the development of a new SHM approach through state observers. In this context, this work associates the already known state observers with features obtained in the modal domain to determine the vibration modes that are more affected by damage presence in the monitored structure. That information makes possible the design of efficient maintenance and control systems. In order to analyze the Modal State Observer technique, firstly presented here, numerical and experimental applications in different mechanical systems are presented. In some applications are used sensors and piezoelectric actuators coupled in the structures. The results lead to the conclusion that the Modal State Observer is a potential useful SHM tool

Apresentamos alguns aspectos da teoria de funções modais, que é o correlato modal da teoria de funções de verdade. Enquanto as fórmulas da lógica proposicional clássica expressam funções de verdade, as fórmulas da lógica proposicional modal (S5) expressam funções modais. Generalizamos alguns dos teoremas da teoria de funções de verdade para o caso modal; em particular, exibimos provas da completude funcional de alguns conjuntos de funções modais e definimos uma (nova) noção de reduto vero-funcional de funções modais, bem como a composição de funções modais em termos destes redutos. / We present some aspects of the theory of modal functions, which is the modal correlate of the theory of truth-functions. While the formulas of classical propositional logic express truth-functions, the formulas of modal propositional logic (S5) express modal functions. We generalize some theorems of the theory of truth-functions to the modal case; in particular, we show the functional completeness of some sets of modal functions and define a (new) notion of truth-functional reduct of modal functions, as well as the composition of modal functions in terms of such reducts.

Findings from a project involving rotating equipment defect detection using the Algorithm of Mode Isolation (AMI) are presented. The prototypical system evaluated is a rotating shaft, supported by hydrodynamic bearings at both ends, with one disk mounted to the shaft. Shaft cracks and bearing wear are the two equipment defects considered. An existing model of the prototypical system from the literature, termed the simplified model. is modified to simulate the presence of a transverse shaft crack at mid-span. This modified model is termed the standard model. Ritz series analysis, in conjunction with a previously published description of the compliance related to the presence of a transverse shaft crack, is used to describe the decrease in shaft stiffness associated with the crack. The directional frequency response function (dFRF) is shown in the literature to provide benefits over the standard frequency response function (FRF) in both system identification and shaft crack detection for rotating equipment. The existing version of AMI is modified to process dFRFs and termed Two-Sided AMI. The performance of Two-Sided AMI is verified through system identification work using both the simplified model and a rigid rotor model from the literature. The results confirm the benefits of using the dFRF for system identification of isotropic systems. AMI and Two-Sided AMI are experimental modal analysis (EMA) routines, which estimate modal properties based on a frequency domain expression of system response. Eigenvalues and associated modal residues are the modal properties considered in the present work. Three defect detection studies are fully described. In the first, the simplified model is used to investigate bearing wear detection. Various damage metrics related to the eigenvalue and the residue are evaluated. The results show that residue-based metrics are sensitive to bearing wear. Next, the standard model is used in an in-depth investigation of shaft crack detection. When a shaft crack is present, the standard model is time-varying in both the fixed and moving coordinate systems. Therefore, this analysis is also used to evaluate performing EMA on non-modal data. In addition to continuing the evaluation of various xiv damage metrics, the shaft crack study also investigates the effects of noise and coordinate system choice (fixed or moving) on shaft crack detection. Crack detection through EMA processing of noisy, non-modal data is found to be feasible. The eigenvalue-based damage metrics show promise. Finally, the standard model is used in a dual-defect study. The system is configured with both a shaft crack and a worn bearing. One defect is held constant while the magnitude of the other is increased. The results suggest that AMI is usable for defect detection of rotating machinery in the presence of multiple system defects, even though the response data is not that of a time-invariant system. The relative merits of both input data types, the FRF and the dFRF, are evaluated in each study.

Orientador: Paulo Roberto Gardel Kurka / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T18:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_CleudmarAmaralde_D.pdf: 10285241 bytes, checksum: 75a97d74eaed141b8b86031582b7a8ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: Uma das principais técnicas de modelagem mixta de sistemas complexos ou de grande porte é a técnica de síntese modal. Os vários métodos de síntese modal propostos são formulados sob dois pontos de vista distintos, ou seja, considerando-se o sistema sem amortecimento ou com amortecimento geral. Além disso, surgem inerentes dificuldades na aplicação da metodologia de síntese modal na análise experimental. Neste trabalho é proposto uma técnica de síntese modal generalizada aplicada em sistemas sem amortecimento ou com amortecimento geral. O método utiliza um superconjunto modal de flexibilidade residual, cuja principal aplicação é na síntese modal experimental. O método utiliza um processo de remontagem das subestruturas que otimiza as equações finais da síntese. Propõe-se, também, um novo procedimento, definido como critério de eliminação automática de modos (CEA), que define um índice de qualidade para os modos das subestruturas, indicando quais serão aqueles mais apropriados para serem mantidos nas bases modais. Todas as metodologias propostas no trabalho foram implementadas em um software denominado Programa STRUCT. O método foi testado através de quatro exemplos de simulação. Foi feita uma validação experimental através de uma estrutura construída em escala reduzida, que visa representar um modelo esquemático e simplificado de uma asa de avião com um tanque de combustível fixado em sua extremidade. Além disso, foi também construído o modelo de elementos finitos da estrutura, com a finalidade de ajustar os modelos analítico e experimental / Abstract: Modal Synthesis is one of the main techniques for the modelling of complex or large sized system's. Two approaches for modal synthesis might be formulated those which considers the behaviour of undamped system's and those where the effects of generalized damping is apprised. Further to those consideration comes the application of the modal synthesis techniques in experimental modal analysis. The present work proposes a generalized modal synthesis procedure for damped and undamped system's. The method uses a residual flexibility superset which is applied to the experimental modal analysis. A methodology for assembling adjacent substructures is also proposed which represents an important step towards the obtention of more accurate final results. Another important procedure introduced is that of automatic selection of modes to be kept in the modal base of the residual flexibility superset, defining a quality index for the modes of each substructure. AlI methodologies have been implemented in the form of the STRUCT software. Results of four numerical simulation and a practical application have been included to illustrate the performance of the methodologies. Finite element models have also been developed for the practical application (Combination of aircraft wing and fuel tank models) for performance comparison purposes / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Solidos / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

No description available.

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional & Community Planning / Brent Chamberlain / Growing urban populations and the increasing prevalence of the millennial generation are profoundly changing personal travel behaviors and patterns. As a result, cities, planners, and developers must understand and act upon the shifting preferences and expectations of these public transit users in order to align costly public transit services with user needs in efficient ways. While public transit systems are becoming an increasingly vital part of urban life, few jurisdictions have considered the need to tailor these systems to millennials – those most likely to incorporate public transit into their daily lives. This paper examines the travel behaviors of University Students engaged in a forced travel intervention caused by a sudden relocation of their work site. The change in work location encouraged the use of a free public transit system as means of commuting. Longitudinal survey results, taken pre and post-intervention, indicate statistical differences between transit preferences and actual habits related to transit use and other modes of travel. Survey findings suggest that there is a statistically significant difference between the stated willingness and actual travel behaviors of public transit users and of drivers, and that modal shifts can assist in overcoming the attitude/behavior split related to personal travel among millennials.

Vibration in internal turning is a problem in the manufacturing industry. Vibrations appear under the excitation applied by the material deformation process during the machining of a workpiece. In order for a lathe to perform an internal turning or boring operation, for example, in a pre-drilled hole in a workpiece, it is generally required that the boring bar should be long and slender; therefore extra sensitive to vibrations. These vibrations will affect the result of machining, in particular the surface finish, also the tool life may be reduced. As a result of tool vibration, severe acoustic noise frequently occurs in the working environment. This thesis comprises three parts and the first part presents a method for active control of boring bar vibration. This method consists of an active boring bar controlled by, for example, an analog controller. The focus lies on the analog controller and the advantages that may be obtained from working in the analog domain. The controller is a lead-lag compensator with digitally controlled parameters, such as gain and phase. However, signals remain in the analog domain. In addition, the analog controller is compared with a digital adaptive controller and it is found that both controllers yield an attenuation of the vibration by up to 50 dB. The second part of this thesis concerns the dynamic properties of a clamped boring bar used by the industry. In order to design a robust controller for a certain system, knowledge about the system's dynamic properties is required. On the workshop floor, a boring bar is dismounted and remounted, and reconfiguration of boring bars will alter the dynamic properties of the clamped boring bar. The dynamic properties of a standard boring bar and an active boring bar for a number of possible clamping conditions, as well as for a linearized clamping have been investigated based on an experimental approach. Also simple Euler-Bernoulli modeling of clamped boring bars incorporating simple non-rigid models of the boring bar clamping are investigated. Initial simulations of nonlinear SDOF systems have been carried out: one with a signed squared stiffness and one with a cubic stiffness. The purpose of these simulations was to identify a nonlinearity that introduces a similar behavior in the SDOF system dynamics as the nonlinear behavior observed in the dynamic properties of a clamped boring bar. The third and final part of this thesis focuses on vibration analysis methods in engineering education. A signal analyzer (which is a commonly used instrument in signal processing and vibration analysis) was made accessible via the Internet. Assignments were developed for students to learn and practice vibration analysis on real signals from a real setup of a relevant structure; a clamped boring bar. Whilst the experimental setup was fixed, the instrument and sensor configuration nonetheless enable a variety of experiment, for example: excitation signal analysis, spectrum analysis and experimental modal analysis.