Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T18:20:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 iurimalinoskiteixeira.pdf: 1437690 bytes, checksum: c11d45074fef83b3318f92c12b425557 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-01T11:50:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 iurimalinoskiteixeira.pdf: 1437690 bytes, checksum: c11d45074fef83b3318f92c12b425557 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T11:50:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 iurimalinoskiteixeira.pdf: 1437690 bytes, checksum: c11d45074fef83b3318f92c12b425557 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A modelagem de dados clínicos para Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (SIS) demanda expertise de domínio. Técnicas de Desenvolvimento Dirigido por Modelos (DDM) permi tem uma melhor articulação entre especialistas de domínio e desenvolvedores de SISs e possibilitam reduzir o custo de desenvolvimento desses sistemas. Modelos de dados clí- nicos baseados em especificações padronizadas e abertas como a do openEHR facilitam sobremaneira a aplicação de técnicas de DDM para SISs. Contudo, o uso de modelos de dados clínicos não resolve sozinho o problema fundamental do alto custo de desenvolvi- mento de SISs. Uma das causas desse problema é a falta de informações arquiteturais nos modelos de dados clínicos. Sem essas informações arquiteturais, o custo de desenvolvi- mento é deslocado para a especificação das regras de transformação de modelos de dados clínicos em código de SIS (regras estas fundamentais nas técnicas de DDM), uma vez que cada novo SIS a ser gerado implica na especificação de um novo conjunto de regras). Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta uma estratégia para geração de código de SISs ba seada na combinação entre modelos de dados clínicos e informações arquiteturais. Nessa estratégia, o desenvolvedor é capaz de categorizar SISs em diferentes famílias e definir um conjunto de regras de transformação comum a todos os SISs de uma família. Cada família é definida por um conjunto de SISs com estruturas arquiteturais semelhantes e modelos de dados clínicos distintos. O resultado esperado dessa estratégia é um melhor reuso das regras de transformação de modelos. Essa estratégia é empregada para se alcançar o ob jetivo principal deste trabalho, que é a concepção de um sistema de transformação para a síntese automática de Interfaces Gráficas de Usuário (GUI - Graphic User Interface) para SISs, considerando as especificações openEHR e algumas construções presentes em Linguagens de Descrição Arquitetural (ADL), como Acme. Como prova de conceito, esse framework é aplicado em algumas famílias de SIS. / The modeling of clinical data for Health Information Systems (HIS) requires domain expertise. Model-Driven Development (MDD) techniques provide a better articulation between domain experts and developers of HISes and enable the reduction in the develop ment cost of these systems. Clinical data models based on open standard specifications such as the openEHR facilitates the application of MDD techniques for HISes. Neverthe less, the use of clinical data models alone does not solve the fundamental problem of high development cost for HISes. One cause for this problem is the lack of architectural information in clinical data models. Without such architectural information, the develop ment cost is shifted to the specification of transformation rules from clinical data models to HIS code (these rules are fundamental in MDD techniques), since each new HIS to be generated involves the specification of a new set of rules. In this context, this work presents a strategy for code generation of HISes that combines clinical data models and architectural information. In this strategy, the developer is able to categorize HISes in distinct families and define a set of transformation rules that are common to all HISes in a family. Each family is defined by a set of systems with similar architectural structures and distinct clinical data models. The expected result of such a strategy is a better reuse of model transformation rules. This strategy is employed to achieve the main objective of this work, which is to design a transformation system for the automatic synthesis of graphical user interfaces (GUI) for HISes, considering openEHR specifications and some constructs present in architectural description languages (ADLs), such as Acme. As a proof of concept, this framework is applied to some HIS families.

Les travaux développés dans cette thèse visent à assister le processus d’ingénierie des exigences temporelles pour les systèmes complexes à contraintes de temps. Nos contributions portent sur trois volets : la spécification des exigences, la modélisation du comportement et la vérification. Pour le volet spécification, une nouvelle classification des exigences temporelles les plus communément utilisées a été proposée. Ensuite, afin de cadrer l’utilisateur durant l’expression des exigences, une grammaire de spécification à base de motifs prédéfinis en langage naturel est développée. Les exigences générées sont syntaxiquement précises et correctes quand elles sont prises individuellement, néanmoins cela ne garantie pas la cohérence de l’ensemble des exigences exprimées. Ainsi, nous avons développé des mécanismes capables de détecter certains types d’incohérences entre les exigences temporelles. Pour le volet modélisation du comportement, nous avons proposé un algorithme de transformation des state-machine avec des annotations temporelles en des automates temporisés. L’idée étant de manipuler une notation assez intuitive et de générer automatiquement des modèles formels qui se prêtent à la vérification. Finalement, pour le volet vérification, nous avons adopté une technique de vérification à base d’observateurs et qui repose sur le model-checking. Concrètement, nous avons élaboré une base de patterns d’observation (ou observateurs) ; chacun des patterns développés est relatif à un type d’exigence temporelle dans la nouvelle classification. Ainsi, la vérification est réduite à une analyse d’accessibilité des états correspondants à la violation de l’exigence associée / The work developed in this thesis aims to assist the engineering process of temporal requirements for time-constrained complex systems. Our contributions concern three phases: the specification, the behaviour modelling and the verification. For the specification of temporal requirements, a new temporal properties typology taking into account all the common requirements one may meet when dealing with requirements specification, is introduced. Then, to facilitate the expression, we have proposed a structured English grammar. Nevertheless, even if each requirement taken individually is correct, we have no guarantee that a set of temporal properties one may express is consistent. Here we have proposed an algorithm based on graph theory techniques to check the consistency of temporal requirements sets. For the behaviour modelling, we have proposed an algorithm for transforming UML State Machine with time annotations into Timed Automata (TA). The idea is to allow the user manipulating a quite intuitive notation (UML SM diagramsduring the modelling phase and thereby, automatically generate formal models (TA) that could be used directly by the verification process. Finally, for the verification phase, we have adopted an observer-based technique. Actually, we have developed a repository of observation patterns where each pattern is relative to a particular temporal requirement class in our classification. Thereby, the verification process is reduced to a reachability analysis of the observers’ KO states relatives to the requirements’ violation

Les organisations contemporaines collaborent de plus en plus avec leurs partenaires. Cette dimension ouverte leur permet d’être plus réactives face aux changements que leur imposent leurs environnements. La caractéristique de la collaboration est due, pour les entreprises, au nouvel environnement économique, qui fait de l'interopérabilité et l'agilité deux des principaux résultats que les entreprises doivent atteindre. Ce contexte correspond au cadre global de nos travaux, qui porte sur la question suivante : Comment concevoir une architecture orientée services dirigée par le métier dans le cadre d’une collaboration inter-organisationnelle ?L’intérêt de ce travail est de proposer une méthode qui assure l’efficacité et l’efficience d’une collaboration, en utilisant les principes de BPM et SOA pour dépasser les barrières conceptuelle et technologique de l’interopérabilité. On explique comment identifier, spécifier et réaliser les processus et les services de collaboration entre différents participants. Pour cela, on adopte une vision transversale de l’entreprise centrée sur les processus métiers. Ensuite, l’approche MDA est utilisée comme un fil conducteur pour synchroniser les modèles des processus métiers découverts à l’aide de l’approche BPM avec ceux des services identifiés avec la démarche SOA. Dans ce schéma, les processus métiers assurent l’interopérabilité au niveau métier tandis que l’utilisation des services réutilisables, des standards et des architectures préconisés par SOA soutiennent l’interopérabilité au niveau IT.Cette méthode se base sur un style de modélisation hiérarchique avec des diagrammes de haut niveau qui sont ensuite enrichis à des niveaux plus bas / Global acceleration of exchanges in goods and services requires organizations to adopt an open view beyond their own boundaries at both business and technological levels. In the new economic environment enterprises must achieve both interoperability and agility. In this thesis the main research question is the following: How to design a service oriented architecture methodology driven by business to support inter-organizational collaboration?To overcome the conceptual and technological barriers of interoperability. We propose a top-down model driven method based on BPM and SOA principles to ensure collaboration efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed method explains how to identify, specify and implement collaborative processes and collaborative public services. In the proposed method business processes ensure interoperability at the business level, while reusable services, standards and SOA platform support interoperability at the IT level

It is widely recognised that information and communication technologies development is a risky activity. Despite the advances in software engineering, many software development projects fail to satisfy the clients' needs, to deliver on time or to stay within budget. Among the various factors that are considered to cause failure, an inadequate requirements practice stands out. Model-driven development is a relatively recent paradigm with the potential to solve some of the dragging problems of software development. Models play a paramount role in model-driven development: several modelling layers allow defining views of the system under construction at different abstraction levels, and model transformations facilitate the transition from one layer to the other. However, how to effectively integrate requirements engineering within model-driven development is still an open research challenge. This thesis integrates Communication Analysis, a communication-oriented business process modelling and requirements engineering method for information systems development, and the OO Method, an object-oriented model-driven software development method provides automatic software generation from conceptual models. We first provide a detailed specification of Communication Analysis intended to facilitate the integration; among other improvements to the method, we build an ontology-based set of concept definitions in which to ground the method, we provide precise methodological guidelines, we create a metamodel for the modelling languages included in the method, and we provide tools to support the creation of Communication Analysis requirements models. Then we perform the integration by providing a technique to systematically derive OO-Method conceptual models from Communication Analysis requirements models. The derivation technique is offered in two flavours: a set of rules to be manually applied by a human analyst, and an ATL model transformation that automates this task. / España Cubillo, S. (2011). METHODOLOGICAL INTEGRATION OF COMMUNICATION ANALYSIS INTO A MODEL-DRIVEN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14572 / Palancia

Les dispositifs matériels mobiles proposent des capacités de mesure à l'aide de capteurs soit embarqués, soit connectés. Ils ont vocation à être de plus en plus utilisés dans des processus de prises de mesures. Ils présentent un caractère critique dans le sens où ces informations doivent être fiables, car potentiellement utilisées dans un contexte exigeant. Malgré une grande demande, peu d'applications proposent d'assister les utilisateurs lors de relevés exploitant ces capacités. Idéalement, ces applications devraient proposer des méthodes de visualisation, de calcul, des procédures de mesure et des fonctions de communications permettant la prise en charge de capteurs connectés ou encore la génération de rapports. La rareté de ces applications se justifie par les connaissances nécessaires pour permettre la définition de procédures de mesure correctes. Ces éléments sont apportés par la métrologie et la théorie de la mesure et sont rarement présents dans les équipes de développement logiciel. De plus, chaque utilisateur effectue des activités de mesure spécifiques au domaine de son champ d'activités, ce qui implique le développement d'applications spécifiques de qualité pouvant être certifiées par des experts. Ce postulat apporte la question de recherche à laquelle les travaux présentés répondent: Comment proposer une approche pour la conception d’applications adaptées à des procédures de mesures spécifiques. Les procédures de mesure pouvant être configurées par un utilisateur final La réponse développée est une "plateforme" de conception d'applications d'assistance à la mesure. Elle permet d'assurer la conformité des procédures de mesures sans l'intervention d'expert de la métrologie. Pour cela elle est construite en utilisant des concepts issus de la métrologie, de l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles et de la logique du premier ordre. Une étude du domaine de la métrologie permet de mettre en évidence la nécessité d'une expertise des procédures de mesure impliquées dans les applications. Cette expertise comprend des termes et des règles assurant l'intégrité et la cohérence d'une procédure de mesure. Un modèle conceptuel du domaine de la métrologie est proposé. Ce modèle conceptuel est ensuite intégré au processus de développement d'une application. Cette intégration se fait par un encodage de ce modèle conceptuel sous la forme d'un schéma des connaissances de la métrologie en logique du premier ordre. Il permet, la vérification du respect des contraintes inhérentes à la métrologie dans une procédure de mesure. Cette vérification est réalisée en confrontant les procédures de mesures au schéma sous forme de requêtes. Ces requêtes sont décrites à l'aide d'un langage proposé par le schéma. Les applications d'assistance à la mesure nécessitent d'exposer à l'utilisateur un processus de mesure impliquant relevés et affichages de mesures étape par étape. Cela implique de pouvoir décrire un processus de mesure et d'en définir les interfaces et le schéma d'évolution. Pour cela, un éditeur d'application est proposé. Cet éditeur propose un langage spécifique dédié à la description d'applications d'assistance à la mesure. Ce langage est construit à partir des concepts, formalismes et outils proposés par l'environnement de métamodélisation Diagrammatic Predicate Framework (DPF). Le langage comporte des contraintes syntaxiques prévenant les erreurs de construction au niveau logiciel tout en réduisant l'écart sémantique entre l'architecte logiciel l'utilisant et un potentiel expert de la métrologie. [...] / Mobile devices offer measuring capabilities using embedded or connected sensors. They are more and more used in measuring processes. They are critical because the performed measurements must be reliable because possibly used in rigorous context. Despite a real demand, there are relatively few applications assisting users with their measuring processes that use those sensors. Such assistant should propose methods to visualise and to compute measuring procedures while using communication functions to handle connected sensors or to generate reports. Such rarity of applications arises because of the knowledges required to define correct measuring procedures. Those knowledges are brought by metrology and measurement theory and are rarely found in software development teams. Moreover, every user has specific measuring activities depending on his field of work. That implies many quality applications developments which could request expert certification. These premises bring the research question the presented works answer : What approach enables the conception of applications suitable to specific measurement procedures considering that the measurement procedures could be configured by the final user. The presented works propose a platform for the development of measuring assistant applications. The platform ensure the conformity of measuring processes without involving metrology experts. It is built upon metrology, model driven engineering and first order logic concepts. A study of metrology enables to show the need of applications measuring process expert evaluation. This evaluation encompasses terms and rules that ensure the process integrity and coherence. A conceptual model of the metrology domain is proposed. That model is then employed in the development process of applications. It is encoded into a first order logic knowledge scheme of the metrology concepts. That scheme enables to verify that metrology constraints holds in a given measuring process. The verification is performed by confronting measuring processes to the knowledge scheme in the form of requests. Those requests are described with a request language proposed by the scheme. Measuring assistant applications require to propose to the user a measuring process that sequences measuring activities. This implies to describe a measuring process, and also to define interactive interfaces and sequencing mechanism. An application editor is proposed. That editor uses a domain specific language dedicated to the description of measuring assistant applications. The language is built upon concepts, formalisms and tools proposed by the metamodeling environment : Diagrammatic Predicat Framework (DPF). The language encompasses syntactical constraints that prevent construction errors on the software level while reducing the semantical gap between the software architect using it and a potential metrology expert. Then, mobile platforms need to execute a behaviour conforming to the editor described one. An implementation modelling language is proposed. This language enables to describe measuring procedures as sequences of activities. Activities imply to measure, compute and present values. Quantities are all abstracted by numerical values. This eases their computation and the use of sensors. The implementation model is made up of software agents. A mobile application is also proposed. The application is built upon a framework of agents, an agent network composer and a runtime system. The application is able to consider an implementation model and to build the corresponding agent network in order to propose a behaviour matching the end users needs. This enables to answer to any user needs, considering he can access to the implementation model, without requiring to download several applications.

The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) allows moving the software development from the time consuming and error-prone level of writing program code to the next higher level of modeling. In order to gain benefit from this innovative technology, it is necessary to satisfy two requirements. These are first, the creation of compact, complete and correct platform independent models (PIM) and second, the development of a flexible and extensible model transformation framework taking into account frequent changes of the target platform. In this thesis a platform-based methodology is developed to create PIM by abstracting common modeling elements into a platform independent modeling library called Design Platform Model (DPM). The DPM contains OCL-based types for modeling primitive and collection types, a platform independent GUI toolkit as well as other common modeling elements, such as those for IO-operations. Furthermore, a DPM profile containing diverse domain specific and design pattern-based stereotypes is also developed to create PIM with high-level semantics. The behavior in PIM is specified using an OCL-like action language called eXecutable OCL (XOCL), which is also developed in this thesis. For model transformation, the model compiler MOCCA is developed based on a flexible and extensible architecture. The model mapper components in the current version of MOCCA are able to map desktop applications onto JSE platform; the both business object layer and persistence layer of a three-layered enterprise applications onto JEE platform and SAP ABAP platform. The entire model transformation process is finished with complete code generation.

Software Product Lines (SPLs) are a successful approach to software reuse in the large. Even though tools exist to create SPLs, their evolution is widely unexplored. Evolving an SPL manually is tedious and error-prone as it is hard to avoid unintended side-effects that may harm the consistency of the SPL. In this thesis, the conceptual basis of a system for the evolution of model-based SPLs is presented, which maintains consistency of models and feature mapping. As basis, a novel classification is introduced that distinguishes evolutions by their potential to harm the mapping of an SPL. Furthermore, multiple remapping operators are presented that can remedy the negative side-effects of an evolution. A set of evolutions is complemented with appropriate remapping operations for the use in SPLs. Finally, an implementation of the evolution system in the SPL tool FeatureMapper is provided to demonstrate the capabilities of the presented approach when co-evolving models and feature mapping of an SPL.:1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation for Evolving Software Product Lines 1.2 Outline of the Thesis 2 Background and Scope 2.1 Concepts and Terminology 2.1.1 Software Product Lines 2.1.2 Model-Driven Software Development 2.1.3 FeatureMapper 2.2 Scope 2.3 Related Work 3 Evolution of Software Product Lines 3.1 Evolutions 3.1.1 Evolutions in the Problem Space 3.1.2 Evolutions in the Solution Space 3.2 Classification Systems for Evolutions 3.2.1 Classification by Behavior Preservation 3.2.2 Classification Systems in the Literature 3.2.3 Classification by Semantical Extent of Model Changes 3.3 Remapping Operations 3.3.1 Remapping in the Problem Space 3.3.2 Remapping in the Solution Space 3.4 Classification and Remapping of Evolutions 3.4.1 Classification and Remapping of Problem Space Evolutions 3.4.2 Classification and Remapping of Solution Space Evolutions 4 A Framework for Evolutions in FeatureMapper 4.1 Relevant Technology 4.1.1 Refactory 4.1.2 EMFText 4.2 Implementation 4.2.1 Implementation of the Evolutions System 4.2.2 Implementation of the Remapping System 4.2.3 Implementation of the User Interface System 4.2.4 Implementation of the Test Suite 4.3 Possibilities for Extension 4.3.1 Adding New Evolutions 4.3.2 Adapting Existing Evolutions 5 Example Project 5.1 Initial Situation in 2001 5.2 First Revision in 2006 5.2.1 Removing the Cassette Player 5.2.2 Adding an MP3 CD Player 5.2.3 Adding a Personal Navigation Device 5.2.4 Changing the Implementation of the UI Builder 5.2.5 Summary of the Changes of the First Revision in 2006 5.3 Second Revision in 2011 5.3.1 Creating a Multi-Format CD Player 5.3.2 Enhancing Voice Recognition to Control the Audio Player 5.3.3 Restructuring Personal Navigation Maps 5.3.4 Changing the Implementation of the CD Player 5.3.5 Summary of the Changes of the Second Revision in 2011 5.4 Conclusion of the Example Project 6 Conclusion 6.1 Summarized Findings 6.2 Limitations and Drawbacks 6.3 Possibilities for Future Work 6.4 Theoretical and Practical Contributions A Object Remapping Specification (*.orspec) A.1 Object Remapping Specification Model A.2 Object Remapping Specification Syntax B DocBooklet (*.docbooklet) B.1 DocBooklet Model B.2 DocBooklet Syntax C NavMap (*.navmap) C.1 NavMap Model C.2 NavMap Syntax List of Figures List of Tables List of Listings Bibliography

Le but de cette thèse est de dégager un cadre sémantique formel approprié supportant l'interopérabilité dedifférents formalismes déjà utilisés pour décrire et déployer un service Web. En d’autres termes, nouscontribuons au développement d’un formalisme mathématique rigoureux permettant de décrire un service Webcomplexe susceptible de changer pendant l’exécution et de coordonner avec les autres services de façonadaptative. Pour atteindre cet objectif, les étapes de description, de sélection et de composition ont constitué lestrois majeures problématiques étudiées dans cette thèse.Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé dans un premier temps, à travers l’utilisation du cadre sémantique formel K lelangage K-WSDL; un langage de description de services Web doté d’une sémantique opérationnelle en terme derègles de réécriture qui peut être exécutable et analysable sous Maude. Nous avons introduit, dans un secondtemps, l’approche WS-Sim basée sur la théorie des catégories qui évalue l’équivalence comportementale entreservices en représentant chaque service par une catégorie et en établissant des liens formels (foncteur) entre elles.Enfin, nous avons présenté le modèle RMop-ECATNet (Refined Meta Open ECATNet ) : un modèle dédié à laspécification formelle de la composition des services Web et fruit du raffinement du modèle Mop-ECATNetproposé par [LB14]. Nous avons étendu et enrichi ce dernier aux trois niveaux : structurel, comportemental etimplémentation. / The aim of this thesis is to provide a suitable formal semantic framework that supports interoperability ofdifferent formalisms already used to describe and deploy a Web service. In other words, we contribute to thedevelopment of a rigorous mathematical formalism to describe a complex Web service that may change duringexecution and coordinate with other services adaptively. To achieve this goal, the steps of description, selectionand composition constitute the three major issues studied in this thesis.We proposed so, initially, through the use of the K semantic framework the K-WSDL : a Web servicesdescription language endowed with an operational semantics in terms of rewriting rules which can be executedand analyzed in Maude. We introduced, in a second step, WS-Sim, a new approach based on the category theorywhich evaluates the behavioral equivalence between services by representing each service by a category and byestablishing formal links (functor) between them. Finally, we present RMop-ECATNet (Refined Meta OpenECATNet): a formal model for the specification of services composition. product of the refinement of the Mop-ECATNets model, introduced initially by [LB14]. We extended and enriched this model at three distinct levels:at the structural, behavioural level and implementation levels.

L’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (IDM) est un paradigme du génie logiciel qui utilise les modèles comme concepts de premier ordre à partir desquels la validation, le code, les tests et la documentation sont dérivés. Ce paradigme met en jeu divers artefacts tels que les modèles, les méta-modèles ou les programmes de transformation des modèles. Dans un contexte industriel, ces artefacts sont de plus en plus complexes. En particulier, leur maintenance demande beaucoup de temps et de ressources. Afin de réduire la complexité des artefacts et le coût de leur maintenance, de nombreux chercheurs se sont intéressés au refactoring de ces artefacts pour améliorer leur qualité. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’étudier le refactoring dans l’IDM dans sa globalité, par son application à ces différents artefacts. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons des patrons de conception spécifiques, comme une connaissance a priori, appliqués aux transformations de modèles comme un véhicule pour le refactoring. Nous procédons d’abord par une phase de détection des patrons de conception avec différentes formes et différents niveaux de complétude. Les occurrences détectées forment ainsi des opportunités de refactoring qui seront exploitées pour aboutir à des formes plus souhaitables et/ou plus complètes de ces patrons de conceptions. Dans le cas d’absence de connaissance a priori, comme les patrons de conception, nous proposons une approche basée sur la programmation génétique, pour apprendre des règles de transformations, capables de détecter des opportunités de refactoring et de les corriger. Comme alternative à la connaissance disponible a priori, l’approche utilise des exemples de paires d’artefacts d’avant et d’après le refactoring, pour ainsi apprendre les règles de refactoring. Nous illustrons cette approche sur le refactoring de modèles. / Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a software engineering paradigm that uses models as first-class concepts from which validation, code, testing, and documentation are derived. This paradigm involves various artifacts such as models, meta-models, or model transformation programs. In an industrial context, these artifacts are increasingly complex. In particular, their maintenance is time and resources consuming. In order to reduce the complexity of artifacts and the cost of their maintenance, many researchers have been interested in refactoring these artifacts to improve their quality. In this thesis, we propose to study refactoring in MDE holistically, by its application to these different artifacts. First, we use specific design patterns, as an example of prior knowledge, applied to model transformations to enable refactoring. We first proceed with a detecting phase of design patterns, with different forms and levels of completeness. The detected occurrences thus form refactoring opportunities that will be exploited to implement more desirable and/or more complete forms of these design patterns. In the absence of prior knowledge, such as design patterns, we propose an approach based on genetic programming, to learn transformation rules, capable of detecting refactoring opportunities and correcting them. As an alternative to prior knowledge, our approach uses examples of pairs of artifacts before and after refactoring, in order to learn refactoring rules. We illustrate this approach on model refactoring.

This thesis focuses on design, modeling and simulation of heterogeneous systems with emphasis on discrete-event systems. It proposes service-oriented simulation architecture where modeling and simulation is treated as a service and establishes a DEVS Meta Language that is intended for implementation of simulation models based on the DEVS formalism. Special M\&S techniques are described and integration of existing simulation tools is discussed as well.