Effective methods for information access are of the greatest importance for our modern lives – particularly with respect to handheld devices. Personalisation is one such method which models a user’s characteristics to deliver content more focused to the user’s needs. The emerging area of sophisticated mobile computing devices has started to inspire new forms of personalised systems that include aspects of the person’s contextual environment. This thesis seeks to understand the role of personalisation and context, to evaluate the effectiveness of context for content personalisation and to investigate the event and map content domain for mobile usage. The work presented in this thesis has three parts: The first part is a user experiment on context that investigated the contextual attributes of time, location and interest, with respect to participants’ perception of their usefulness. Results show highly dynamic and interconnected effects of context on participants’ usefulness ratings. In the second part, these results were applied to create a predictive model of context that was related to attribution theory and then combined with an information retrieval score to create a weighted personalisation model. In the third part of this work, the personalisation model was applied in a mobile experiment. Participants solved situational search tasks using a (i) non-personalized and a (ii) personalized mobile information system, and rating entertainment events based on usefulness. Results showed that the personalised system delivered about 20% more useful content to the mobile user than the non-personalised system, with some indication for reduced search effort in terms of time and the amount of queries per task. The work presented provides evidence for the promising potential of context to facilitate personalised information delivery to users of mobile devices. Overall, it serves as an example of an investigation into the effectiveness of context from multiple angles and provides a potential link to some of the aspects of psychology as a potential source for a deeper understanding of contextual processes in humans.

The thesis is focused on the analysis of the information system for company KPA ONE s.r.o., and the proposal of changes. The first part is explaining the theoretical basis. The following section contains a short description of the company and the necessary analyses of the company and information system. The necessary changes in the information system are subsequently defined from the performed analyses. The last part evaluates the economic complexity of these changes and the benefits of individual innovations.

The rapid growth and influence of social network services has led many scholars to focus on privacy issues. However, the research described in this thesis was motivated by the small number of design studies that have focused on practical approaches to identifying tacit information from users’ instant non-verbal responses to privacy issues. The research therefore aimed to propose persona models as a design solution for software agent development based on the analysis of users’ emotional and behavioural responses, so as to address privacy issues in social network services. In the definition phase, 21 stakeholders belonging to three key stakeholder groups were recruited for unstandardised semistructured email interviews. Three main considerations for the design of software agents in social network services emerged from the interviews, which were classified into the following categories: comprehensive understanding of users’ perceptions of privacy; user type recognition algorithm for software agent development; and existing software agent enhancement. In the development phase, 50 participants were recruited for the Facebook case study, which included three research strategies: perceptions of privacy questionnaire for user typology; emotional response measurement using Geneva Emotion Wheel; and behavioural response observation using a contextual inquiry method. The participants were classified into four user types by means of cluster analysis: uninformed, trustful, suspicious and neglectful. Each user type’s key emotional responses were identified using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test, and key behavioural responses using affinity diagrams. This generated persona models of each user type that reflected the correlations between users’ perceptions of privacy, key emotional responses and key behavioural responses. Two fundamental features of the software agent were also proposed based on the persona models: confirmation and guidance. In the validation phase, software agent prototypes were created based on the proposed persona models. A total of 206 participants completed the online survey which included two sections: perceptions of privacy questionnaire for user typology replication, and key emotional responses measurement before and after the intervention of the software agent prototypes. Cluster analysis replication validated the proposed user typology, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test of key emotional responses validated the proposed persona models. By implementing the research outcomes, the software agent described in this thesis would be able to provide users with appropriate services based on their user types, to reduce the number of those who are still unaware of privacy practice and those who neglect their accounts, and to expand the size of a user group pursuing sound relationships.

A challenge in Human-Robot Interaction is tailoring the social skills of robot companions to match those expected by individual humans during their rst encounter. Currently, large amounts of user data are needed to con gure robot companions with these skills. This creates the need of running long-term Human-Robot Interaction studies in domestic environments. A new approach using personas is explored to alleviate this arduous data collection task without compromising the level of interaction currently shown by robot companions. The personas technique was created by Alan Cooper in 1999 as a tool to de ne user archetypes of a system in order to reduce the involvement of real users during the development process of a target system. This technique has proven bene cial in Human-Computer Interaction for years. Therefore, similar bene ts could be expected when applying personas to Human-Robot Interaction. Our novel approach de nes personas as the key component of a computational behaviour model used to adapt robot companions to individual user's needs. This approach reduces the amount of user data that must be collected before a Human-Robot Interaction study, by associating new users to pre-de ned personas that adapt the robot behaviours through their integration with the computational behaviour model. At the same time that the current robot social interaction level expected by humans during the rst encounter is preserved. The University of Hertfordshire Robot House provided the naturalistic domestic environment for the investigation. After incorporating a new module, an Activity Recognition System, to increase the overall context-awareness of the system, a computational behaviour model will be de ned through an iterative research process. The initial de nition of the model was evolved after each experiment based on the iii ndings. Two successive studies investigated personas and determined the steps to follow for their integration into the targeted model. The nal model presented was de ned from users' preferences and needs when interacting with a robot companion during activities of daily living at home. The main challenge was identifying the variables that match users to personas in our model. This approach open a new discussion in the Human-Robot Interaction eld to de ne tools that help reduce the amount of user data requiring collection prior to the rst interaction with a robot companion in a domestic environment. We conclude that modelling people's preferences when interacting with robot companions is a challenging approach. Integrating the Human-Computer Interaction technique into a computational behaviour model for Human-Robot Interaction studies was more di cult than anticipated. This investigation shows the advantages and disadvantages of introducing this technique into Human-Robot Interaction, and explores the challenges in de ning a personas-based computational behaviour model. The continuous learning process experienced helps clarify the steps that other researchers in the eld should follow when investigating a similar approach. Some interesting outcomes and trends were also found among users' data, which encourage the belief that the personas technique can be further developed to tackle some of the current di culties highlighted in the Human-Robot Interaction literature.

The specialization of the final master thesis is theory and a practical view of Location Intelligence. The author is writing about specific parts of development of the application which is focused on analysis of consumer's behaviour for managers of retail businesses focused on customer's satisfaction. The application is a new way of researching consumer's behaviour. Spatial data is connected with the subject of research -- analysis of the movement of consumers in retail stores. The application is a practical tool for better targeting for managers or marketing specialists. The app was developed by four researcher Martin Matějka, Tomáš Rosenberger, Vilém Kalus (three diploma researchers) and Ondřej Funiok. The Main goal of the final thesis was to describe the application from the business point of view and to design layout of the user interface. The business model helped us to specify the application from the business point of view. We reached the main goal with research articles of Location Intelligence. The thesis contains theory basis of informatics and geo-informatics field, Business Intelligence, Location Intelligence and selected business models. The practical part of the thesis is composed of integrating application to the business model, functionality description. From functionality description we designed the user interface. The practical part closes with the use case of application in Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze. Benefits of the thesis are in development of real, new application for future commercial use. Contribution to the theory of Location Intelligence and analytical solution of development of user interface.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Erstellung eines Konzeptes für ein softwarebasiertes Assistenzsystem für die Erstellung des innermaschinellen Verfahrens produktionstechnischer Systeme. Das Konzept wird dabei in Form eines Software-Mockups für die Benutzerschnittstelle des Systems präsentiert. Nach einer Recherche zum Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik, hinsichtlich des konstruktiven Entwicklungsprozesses von Verarbeitungsmaschinen, werden besonders die Arbeitsinhalte und Methoden der zum Prozess zugehörigen Konzeptphase untersucht. Dabei wird abschließend geprüft, inwiefern konkrete Rechnerunterstützungen für die Konzeptphase des allgemeinen Maschinenbaus auf den Bereich des Verarbeitungsmaschinenbaus übertragbar sind. Es folgt die Zusammenfassung verschiedener Vorgehensmodelle für die Softwareentwicklung sowie ein Überblick zu den Grundlagen der Softwareergonomie. Bei der folgenden Konzeptentwicklung werden die Rechercheergebnisse aufgegriffen. Angelehnt an die Arbeitsschritte des klassischen Phasenmodells der Softwareentwicklung werden zunächst Anforderungen und Spezifikationen für das zu entwickelnde Assistenzsystem aufgestellt. In einer sich anschließenden Entwurfsphase wird der zukünftige Systemaufbau umrissen. Zudem werden Entwürfe, in Form von Wireframes, für die Darstellung einzelner Funktionalitäten der künftigen Benutzerschnittstelle des Assistenzsystems erstellt. Diese werden verglichen und kombiniert, sodass eine gewählte Vorzugslösung für die Mockup-Erstellung bereitsteht. Abschließend werden, nach erfolgter Umsetzung des Mockups, für die Erstellung des innermaschinellen Verfahrens anhand eines konkreten Maschinenbeispiels, Möglichkeiten zur Konzepterweiterung und -umsetzung vorgeschlagen. / The aim of the following thesis is the development of a concept for a software-based assistance system which supports the creation of the process model of processing machines. The concept is presented as a software mockup that shows the user interface of the system. After an investigation on the state of science and technology, regarding the constructive development process of processing machines, especially the contents and methods of the concept phase, which is associated with the process, are examined. Finally, it is being checked which specific computer support for the concept phase of general mechanical engineering can be transferred to the field of processing machine construction. The summary of various proceed models for general software development follows as well as an overview on the basics of software ergonomics. During the subsequent concept development, the findings from the research are used. Based on the work steps of the phase model of software development, requirements and specifications for the concept, which has been developed, are initially set up. In the following design phase, the future system structure is outlined. In addition, drafts presented as wireframes are created for the presentation of individual functionalities of the future user interface of the assistance system. In the conclusion they are compared to and combined with each other so that a chosen preferred solution is available for mockup creation. Finally, after the realization of the mockup that shows the creation of the process model based on a tangible machine example, ways to expand and to implement the concept are proposed.

Efficiency as a   part of usability is a much researched topic. How we design user interfaces   though, is often a matter of convention rather than scientifically validated   patterns. There is however a reason for this; research has shown that users   form clear mental models, or expectations of how an interface should look and   work. Designing with these models in mind should therefore yield efficient   results according to some researchers. This study aimed to test the extent to   which these models affect efficiency through a quantitative quasi-experiment. The experiment   was designed to measure click cost while designing for, or contrary to, the   mental models. This was achieved by adding or subtracting the variables:   placement conventions, saliency, clutter, appearance conventions and help   text to an experimental group and a control group respectively. To ascertain   the impact of these independent variables the click cost in milliseconds has   been recorded in a web questionnaire environment, aggregated and   comparatively analyzed between the groups. The result is a clearer picture of   each variables independent effect on click costs and efficiency. The main   result show a tendency towards higher click costs for badly handled placement   conventions, saliency and appearance conventions, however the differences are   small. In the case of clutter no increase in click cost could be recoded. The   single largest increase in click cost is incurred when help texts are   omitted. / Effektivitet,som en del av användbarhet, är ett väl undersökt område. Hur gränssnittutformas grundar sig oftast i allmänt accepterade normer snarare än påvetenskapliga validerade mönster. Det finns dock en anledning till detta:forskningEffektivitet,som en del av användbarhet, är ett väl undersökt område. Hur gränssnittutformas grundar sig oftast i allmänt accepterade normer snarare än påvetenskapliga validerade mönster. Det finns dock en anledning till detta:forskning visar att användare skapar mentala modeller eller förväntningar på hur ett gränssnitt bör se ut och fungera vid interaktion. Att utforma gränssnitt med dessa modeller i åtanke bör därför, enligt vissa forskare, ge effektiva resultat. Syftet med denna studie var att testa i vilken utsträckning dessa mentala modeller har en inverkan på effektiviteten i gränssnitt genom ett kvantitativt kvasiexperiment. Experimentet utformades för att mäta klickkostnaden i gränssnitt som överensstämmer med, eller strider mot, de mentala modellerna. Detta uppnåddes genom att tillföra eller ta bort variablerna: placeringspraxis, visuellt framträdande, brus, utseendepraxis och hjälptext till en testgrupp och en kontrollgrupp. För att fastställa till vilken grad dessa oberoende variabler påverkar har klickkostnaden i millisekunder uppmätts i ett webenkätsgränssnitt, aggregerats och jämförts mellan grupperna. Resultatet är en tydligare bild av varje variabels grad av påverkan på klickkostnad och effektivitet. Det huvudsakliga resultatet visar på en tendens till högre klickkostnad när placeringspraxis, visuellt framträdande och utseendepraxis frångår normerna. Differenserna är dock små. Vad gäller brus har ingen ökning i klickkostnad kunnat uppmätas. Den enskilt största ökningen i klickkostand sker när hjälptext utelämnas.

Ces dix dernières années, plusieurs centaines de web-documentaires ont été publiés sur Internet. Si ce format émergent connaît un succès d’estime important auprès des professionnels des médias, son design ne va pas de soi. Dès lors, comment les théories du cinéma documentaire et des médias informatisés éclairent-elles les métamorphoses médiatiques caractéristiques de ces « nouvelles écritures » ? Quels sont les enjeux ontologico-esthétiques et communicationnels d’un documentaire interactif ? Quel rôle et quel pouvoir l’instance d’énonciation doit-elle octroyer à un « spectateur-actant » ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, un état des lieux de la production francophone permet tout d’abord d’établir une typologie des différents modes d’interaction. Ensuite, une approche ethnographique, fondée sur une observation participante du design de B4, fenêtres sur tour, au sein de France Télévisions, interroge l’ensemble des controverses socio-techniques et sémio-pragmatiques qui jalonnent les six mois de conception. Une analyse par théorisation ancrée met en exergue les différentes dimensions d’un Utilisateur Modèle négociées, de manière plus ou moins implicite, par l’ensemble des acteurs. Enfin, les usages supposés du web-documentaire sont confrontés à une évaluation de l’expérience utilisateur. Les jonctions et disjonctions entre les figures d’un Utilisateur Modèle, Statistique et Empirique contribuent in fine à mieux appréhender le design de ce format hybride et non stabilisé. / In the last few years, several hundred interactive documentaries (i-docs) have been published on the Internet. If many media professionals prize the i-doc format, its design remains a challenging feat. Given this, what light do film documentary theories and digital media shed on the mediated metamorphoses that typify the “New Writings” movement? What are the communicational and ontologico-aesthetic issues of i-docs? What role and what power should an instance of enunciation accord to the “actant-spectator”?In response to these questions, our study of the current state of the French-speaking production scene brought to the fore a typology of interaction modes. Following this observation, an ethnographic approach, based on a participant observation method, questioned the overall sociotechnical and semio-graphic issues that marked the six-month design process of an i-doc called B4, fenêtres sur tour for the State-run France Télévisions. A Grounded Theory analysis of the data highlighted the different dimensions of a more or less implicit negotiated Model User used by the actors. Finally, the purported uses of i-docs were questioned in evaluating users’ experience. The junctions and disjunctions involving the interaction of the User, Statistical and Empirical Models contributed to a better grasp of the designing of the hybrid and non-stabilised i-doc format.

Benutzungsschnittstellen (UIs) dienen in der Domäne der industriellen Automatisierungstechnik der Bedienung und Beobachtung technischer Prozesse. Das sogenannte Model-based User Interface Development (MBUID) stellt ein vielversprechendes Konzept zur automatischen Erzeugung solcher UIs dar. Allerdings erfordert die Umsetzung dieses Konzeptes für einen spezifischen Anwendungsfall jeweils die Entwicklung einer oder mehrerer Modell-zu-Modell-Transformationen (M2M). Hierbei handelt es sich unter Verwendung aktueller Ansätze für Transformations-Frameworks um einen aufwändigen, fehleranfälligen und daher kostenintensiven Prozess. Dies gilt vor allem für Entwickler ohne tiefgreifendes Wissen über modellbasierte Technologien und kann unter Umständen sogar die durch die MBUID propagierten Vorteile aufwiegen. Zur Erleichterung des Prozesses der Entwicklung von Modelltransformationen schlägt diese Arbeit eine spezielle Methodik sowie deren prototypische Implementierung in Form des PAMTraM-Frameworks vor. Die Methodik greift dabei die speziellen Rahmenbedingungen bei der UI-Entwicklung in der Domäne der industriellen Automatisierungstechnik auf und basiert auf drei Hauptkonzepten: Die Basis stellt die Konfiguration von M2M-Transformationen in mehrdeutigen, bedingten Abbildungsmodellen dar. Diese Abbildungsmodelle beschreiben dabei lediglich Zuordnungen zwischen Elementen der Quell- und Ziel-UI-Beschreibungssprache einer durchzuführenden Transformation. Im Gegensatz zu existierenden Ansätzen erlaubt die entwickelte Methodik die explizite Berücksichtigung mehrdeutiger Abbildungen, die in der Domäne der UI-Entwicklung häufig auftreten. Darüber hinaus können explizite Kontextbedingungen formuliert werden, die die Notwendigkeit der Anpassung bzw. Neu-Erstellung eines Abbildungsmodells bei Vorliegen eines geänderten Nutzungskontextes (z.B. einer neuen Hardware-Plattform) verhindern. Konkrete Transformationen für ein oder mehrere Quell- und Kontextmodelle können anschließend auf Basis eines konfigurierten Abbildungsmodells durchgeführt werden. Hierzu wird ein spezieller generischer Transformations-Algorithmus vorgestellt. Dieser ist in der Lage, basierend auf einer selbstständigen Analyse der Ziel-UI-Beschreibungssprache auch unvollständige Abbildungsmodelle auszuführen. Hierdurch muss der Entwickler eines Abbildungsmodells weniger Informationen in dieses integrieren. Allerdings führt dieses Vorgehen auch dazu, dass im Rahmen der Durchführung einer Transformation an verschiedenen Stellen Mehrdeutigkeiten auftreten können. Zur Auflösung dieser Mehrdeutigkeiten stellt diese Arbeit unterschiedliche Strategien wie z.B. die Konsultation des Nutzers vor. Das dritte Hauptkonzept wird durch zwei Ansätze für sog. Higher-Order Transformations gebildet. Diese ermöglichen die teilweise semi-automatische Erstellung bzw. Vervollständigung von Abbildungsmodellen u.a. im Rahmen iterativer Entwicklungsprozesse. Dadurch wird die Entwicklung von Abbildungsmodellen weiter vereinfacht und die während einer Transformation auftretenden Mehrdeutigkeiten können schrittweise soweit notwendig reduziert werden. Ein Nachweis über die Funktionalität der entwickelten Methodik sowie deren prototypischer Implementierung erfolgt zum einen anhand repräsentativer Fallstudien aus der betrachteten Domäne und zum anderen auf Basis einer Analyse hinsichtlich allgemeiner Kriterien zur Bewertung von Transformations-Frameworks. Eine abschließende Bewertung zeigt, dass die entwickelte Methodik die speziellen Anforderungen in Bezug auf die UI-Entwicklung in der Domäne der industriellen Automatisierungstechnik erfüllt und zur Vereinfachung der Entwicklung von Modelltransformationen geeignet ist. / User Interfaces (UIs) in the domain of industrial automation serve the operation and monitoring of technical processes. The Model-based User Interface Development (MBUID) represents a promising concept for the automatic generation of such UIs. However, the realization of this concept for a specific use case requires the development of one or multiple model-to-model (M2M) transformations. Using existing transformation frameworks, this represents a complex, error-prone, and thus costly task. This applies especially to developers without deep knowledge of model-based technologies and can in some circumstances even cancel out the advantages promised by MBUID. In order to simplify the process of developing model transformations, this thesis proposes a specific methodology as well as its prototypic implementation by means of the PAMTraM framework. This methodology addresses the special underlying conditions of UI development in the domain of industrial automation and is based on three main concepts: The basis is formed by the configuration of M2M transformations in ambiguous, conditional mapping models. These only capture mappings between elements of the source and the target UI modeling language of a transformation. In contrast to existing approaches, the developed methodology explicitly takes into account the possibility for ambiguous mappings that are common in the domain of UI development. Furthermore, developers can specify explicit context conditions that prevent the necessity of a modification or redevelopment of a mapping model in case of a changed context of use (e.g. a new hardware platform). Individual transformations for one or multiple source and context models can be executed based on a configured mapping model. Therefore, a special generic transformation algorithm is presented. By autonomously analyzing the target UI modeling language, this algorithm is even capable of executing incomplete mapping models. As a result of this, the developer has to integrate less information in the mapping model. However, due to this approach, ambiguities may occur at various points during the course of a transformation. In order to be able to resolve these ambiguities, various strategies like the consultation of the user are presented in this thesis. The third main concept is formed by two approaches for higher-order transformations that allow the partial semi-automatic generation resp. completion of mapping models among others in the context of iterative development processes. This further simplifies the development of mapping models and allows for the step-wise reduction of occurring ambiguities as far as necessary. Representative case studies from the considered domain as well as an analysis with regard to general criteria for the assessment of transformation frameworks prove the functionality of the proposed methodology and its prototypical implementation. A concluding evaluation shows that the developed methodology satisfies the specific requirements concerning UI development in the domain of industrial automation and is suited to simplify the development of model transformations.