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DAS KONSTRUKTSIIA IGRA: crítica da mística da cidade-máquina / DAS KONSTRUKTSIIA IGRA: critique of the mystique of the city-machineVasconcellos, Rachel Pacheco 06 February 2019 (has links)
\"Construtivistas! Poupem-se de se tornar uma outra escola de estética! O construtivismo deve se tornar a forma superior da engenharia das formas de vida!\" clama Vladimir Maiakóvski no primeiro número da revista de vanguarda LEF, em 1923. De modo implicado com a contradição entre forma e conteúdo do trabalho, esta pesquisa desloca o construtivismo russo do campo da Arte e o toma como objeto de estudos da Geografia, entendendo o princípio de construção (, konstruktsiia) no sentido da produção do espaço que entrelaça as escalas da arquitetura, do urbanismo e do território. Por meio da crítica da economia política do espaço, vê que aquilo que esteticamente aparece como projeto modernista da vanguarda, não tratava de outra coisa senão de um plano de totalidade, inscrito no processo de modernização da sociedade russa pós-revolucionária que tinha na Planificação (econômica e espacial) seu instrumento para a formação do moderno Estado soviético. Neste contexto, a Máquina, paradigma do mundo moderno, concede sua lógica de sistema ao espaço social, de modo que o cotidiano, o plano do vivido, dos acontecimentos, ganha o sentido de \"funcionamento\" centrado na organização do trabalho. A esta utopia da forma corresponde uma ideologia geográfica, ideologia do Planejamento, da operação espacializada do modo de produção. A \"utopia socialista científica da Cidade-Máquina\" apresenta uma totalidade mistificada, pois a imagem racionalizada e tecnológica da sociedade oculta contradições intrínsecas à sua própria lógica. Um século após 1917, as contradições internas da modernização soviética explicitam seu conteúdo oculto: o colapso da União Soviética demonstra como é que o sistema estatal de produção de mercadorias, com o avanço do desenvolvimento das forças produtivas e o consequente agravamento da crise do trabalho, tal como demonstrado por Marx em O Capital, não deu conta de garantir a rentabilidade econômica do Estado nos quadros de um mercado planejado, de modo que precisou se abrir ao mercado global de capitais. Em 2017, os efeitos dessa ficcionalização da economia são flagrados na paisagem de Moscou: os edifícios construtivistas, concebidos com a função de dinamizar a sociabilização de uma realidade produtiva, perdem o sentido do uso para o qual foram planejados; são vistos em ruínas: abandonados, detonados ou incorporados por novos empreendimentos imobiliários e pelo marketing turístico da cidade. A deriva psicogeográfica em campo reacende os conteúdos da relação entre arquitetura e espetáculo. De projeção socialista, o projeto da vanguarda passa à especulação financeira, e demonstra como a exaltação socialista da máquina, celebrada pelos construtivistas, guardava em si o dispositivo crítico para sua própria destruição. / \"Constructivists! Spare yourself from becoming another school of aesthetics! Constructivism must become the superior form of life-forms engineering!\" claims Vladimir Maiakovsky in the first issue of the avant-garde magazine LEF in 1923. Implicated within the contradiction between form and content of work, this research displaces Russian Constructivism from the Art field to take it as subject of study in Geography. In order to do so, the principle of construction (, konstruktsiia) is comprehended in the sense of production of space a concept that interweaves the scales of architecture, urbanism and territory. Through criticism of the political economy of space, this current research regards that what has shown itself as the avant-garde\'s modernist aesthetic project was nothing else but a plan of totality, a \"scientific socialist utopia\", inscribed in the modernization process of Russian revolutionary society. Planning (both economic and spatial) was a tool to the formation of the modern Soviet State. In this context, the figure of the Machine, paradigm of the modern world, grants its logic system to social space, so that everyday life, the plan of the living, gains the sense of an \"operation\" centered on the organization of labor. This utopia of form corresponds with a geographical ideology, ideology of Planning, of the spatial operation of the mode of production. The rationalized and technological image of the \"City-Machine\" presents itself as a mystified totality, since it hides contradictions intrinsic to its own logic. But, a century after 1917, the internal contradictions of Soviet modernization explicit their hidden content. The collapse of Soviet Union demonstrates how the state system of commodity production, with the advance of the development of productive forces and the consequent aggravation of labor crisis (as demonstrated by Marx in The Capital), had failed to guarantee the economic profitability of the state within the limits of a planned market. The solution was to open itself to the global capital market. In 2017, the effects of the financialization of the economy are easily noticed in Moscow landscape: constructivist buildings, designed with the function of dynamizing the sociability of a productive reality, lose the sense for which were originally planned. Those constructions are ruined: abandoned, falling apart or incorporated by new real estate ventures, and even used to the tourist marketing of the city. The on-field psychogeographic derive technique relights the critical contents of the relation between architecture and Spectacle. From a socialist standpoint, the project of the avant-garde turns into a fictitious speculation, and shows how the exaltation of machinery had within itself the germs of its own collapse.
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Eros med och utan vingar : En komparativ studie av kärlek, sexualitet och ”det moderna projeket” i Vi och Kallocain / Eros with and without wings : A comparative study of love, sexuality and "the modern project" in We and Kallocain.Lahti Davidsson, Elisabeth January 2016 (has links)
My aim with this essay is to analyse how the theme of sexuality and love in two dystopian novels – We (1924), by Yevgeny Zamyatin and Kallocain (1940), by Karin Boye – relate to “the modern project”, a term I use to identify a cluster of important ideas that profoundly impacted society in the first decades of the 20th century. My analysis is based on a theoretical point of view claiming that dystopian novels present a critical perspective on society, and that they deal with issues, problems and values specific to the period in which they were written. Using a comparative method, where “the modern project” works asan “Ansatzpunkt”, I explore a variety of texts studying the theme of love and sexualityin We and Kallocain from different perspectives. I further discuss how both novels criticize societies where some of the ideas from “the modern project” are realized in unexpected ways: the “bourgeois family” is gone and the state performs some of its duties, sexuality is reduced to biological needs and reproduction, and love relationships are seen as egotistical and irrational. Even though these societies are trying hard, they can’t stop their citizens from using love and sexuality as a means to connect to one another and build a resistance. My conclusion is that both Zamyatin and Boye most likely were inspired by the writings of Sigmund Freud, who at that time was highly influential. In this light their novels can beinterpreted as presenting the human libido (We) and insights gained through psychoanalysis (Kallocain) as defences against collectivistic totalitarian states.
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