As evoluções tecnológicas juntamente com o surgimento de novas necessidades dos usuários resultaram em diversos novos tipos de métodos construtivos. O conceito de industrialização das edificações vem evoluindo com velocidade, e estes novos sistemas construtivos surgiram como alternativa aos sistemas tradicionais buscando entre outros, melhor desempenho térmico, energético, lumínico, acústico e de sustentabilidade. Diante desta crescente demanda por inovação, a ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas) passou a estudar um conjunto de normas para estabelecer critérios de desempenho ao validar os novos sistemas construtivos de edificações habitacionais. Isto se concretizou com a publicação da Norma de Desempenho (ABNT NBR 15575/2013), que estipula parâmetros para desempenho dessas construções e métodos detalhados de acordo com o desempenho desejado. Simultaneamente, as simulações computacionais evoluíram, permitindo menor custo de experimentação, são capazes de antecipar resultados antes somente possíveis após testes físicos com protótipos e também a encontrar alternativas de soluções também quanto à eficiência energética e ao conforto dos usuários. Entre alguns programas existentes para simulação de desempenho térmico, está o EnergyPlus, o qual foi utilizado para este estudo, tendo como principal objetivo avaliar o desempenho térmico de painéis de light steel frame pré-fabricados utilizados na fachada e nas vedações internas de um sistema construtivo modular composto por estrutura metálica, e piso e a laje de concreto. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, foi utilizado como modelo base uma residência térrea, configurada por ambientes independentes, que virão a compor uma residência inteira onde serão inseridos os painéis de light steel frame pré-fabricados. As 16 tipologias de painéis foram estudadas em três diferentes cidades do Brasil, sendo elas situadas nas regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul e em dias típicos de verão e inverno, utilizando os recursos de simulação computacional (EnergyPlus) possibilitando a análise comparativa de desempenho térmico de cada tipologia ao serem submetidos a diferentes temperaturas e regime de insolação. A maioria das tipologias de painéis apresentam resultados favoráveis apenas para a cidade de Fortaleza, e desfavoráveis para as cidades de São Paulo e Curitiba, onde somente a última tipologia de painel atendeu os requisitos mínimos de desempenho para todas as cidades. Este estudo não contempla dados experimentais ou ensaios físicos. / Technological developments coupled with the emergence of new user needs resulted in several types of new construction methods. The concept of building industrialization has been evolving with speed, and these new construction systems have emerged as an alternative to traditional systems. These alternative systems seek better thermal performance, energy efficiency, light performance, acoustic and sustainability, among other things. Faced with this growing demand for innovation, ABNT (Brazilian Technical Standards Association) went on to study a set of rules to establish performance criteria to validate the new construction systems of residential buildings. These criteria were established with the publication of Performance Standard (NBR 15575/2013), which provides detailed parameters for performance of these buildings and provides methods according to the desired performance. At the same time, computer simulations have evolved, allowing lower cost of experimentation. These simulations are able to anticipate results which were previously only possible after physical tests of prototypes and also are able to find alternative solutions for energy efficiency and comfort of users. Among some existing programs for simulating thermal performance is the EnergyPlus, which was used for this study, with the primary objective of evaluating the thermal performance of prefabricated light steel frame panels. These panels were used in the facade and the internal seals of a building system composed of modular steel structure and floor and the concrete slab. To develop the study, a one-story residence was used as a base model, set by independent environments, composed entirely of the prefabricated light steel frame panels. The 16 panel types were studied in three different cities in Brazil, located in the Northeast, Southeast and South, and on a typical day of summer and winter. Using the computer simulation resources (EnergyPlus) enabled comparative analysis of thermal performance of each type when subjected to different temperatures and insolation regime. Most panel types have favorable results only in the city of Fortaleza, and unfavorable in the cities of São Paulo and Curitiba, whereas only the last panel type met the minimum performance requirements for all cities. This study does not include experimental data or physical tests.

The affordability crisis in the North American housing market has prompted the construction industry to reexamine technologies designed to lower cost through the factory mass production process. This thesis concentrates on modular prefabricated housing in the Province of Quebec in order to determine if this housing option can supply a less expensive alternative to comparable conventionally built housing. As issues of construction cost are allied with the quality of construction, a comparison between the conventional and the manufactured building industries, at this level, is also essential. Surveys evaluating sales cost and quality of construction have been developed for the modular prefabricated and conventional single family detached housing industry for the Province of Quebec. Fifteen prefabricated home builders and six conventional home builders were surveyed in order to facilitate the comparison between the two industries. It was found, based on the builders surveyed, that the average level of construction quality was consistent in both industries. The prefabricated residential home builders, however, proved on average to be approximately ten percent more expensive than the conventional home builders surveyed. Reasons for these cost discrepancies have been found to be related to the high start-up costs inherent in the manufactured housing industry, the overall cyclical market demand for housing, as well as price protection for distributors of manufactured housing.

As evoluções tecnológicas juntamente com o surgimento de novas necessidades dos usuários resultaram em diversos novos tipos de métodos construtivos. O conceito de industrialização das edificações vem evoluindo com velocidade, e estes novos sistemas construtivos surgiram como alternativa aos sistemas tradicionais buscando entre outros, melhor desempenho térmico, energético, lumínico, acústico e de sustentabilidade. Diante desta crescente demanda por inovação, a ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas) passou a estudar um conjunto de normas para estabelecer critérios de desempenho ao validar os novos sistemas construtivos de edificações habitacionais. Isto se concretizou com a publicação da Norma de Desempenho (ABNT NBR 15575/2013), que estipula parâmetros para desempenho dessas construções e métodos detalhados de acordo com o desempenho desejado. Simultaneamente, as simulações computacionais evoluíram, permitindo menor custo de experimentação, são capazes de antecipar resultados antes somente possíveis após testes físicos com protótipos e também a encontrar alternativas de soluções também quanto à eficiência energética e ao conforto dos usuários. Entre alguns programas existentes para simulação de desempenho térmico, está o EnergyPlus, o qual foi utilizado para este estudo, tendo como principal objetivo avaliar o desempenho térmico de painéis de light steel frame pré-fabricados utilizados na fachada e nas vedações internas de um sistema construtivo modular composto por estrutura metálica, e piso e a laje de concreto. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, foi utilizado como modelo base uma residência térrea, configurada por ambientes independentes, que virão a compor uma residência inteira onde serão inseridos os painéis de light steel frame pré-fabricados. As 16 tipologias de painéis foram estudadas em três diferentes cidades do Brasil, sendo elas situadas nas regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul e em dias típicos de verão e inverno, utilizando os recursos de simulação computacional (EnergyPlus) possibilitando a análise comparativa de desempenho térmico de cada tipologia ao serem submetidos a diferentes temperaturas e regime de insolação. A maioria das tipologias de painéis apresentam resultados favoráveis apenas para a cidade de Fortaleza, e desfavoráveis para as cidades de São Paulo e Curitiba, onde somente a última tipologia de painel atendeu os requisitos mínimos de desempenho para todas as cidades. Este estudo não contempla dados experimentais ou ensaios físicos. / Technological developments coupled with the emergence of new user needs resulted in several types of new construction methods. The concept of building industrialization has been evolving with speed, and these new construction systems have emerged as an alternative to traditional systems. These alternative systems seek better thermal performance, energy efficiency, light performance, acoustic and sustainability, among other things. Faced with this growing demand for innovation, ABNT (Brazilian Technical Standards Association) went on to study a set of rules to establish performance criteria to validate the new construction systems of residential buildings. These criteria were established with the publication of Performance Standard (NBR 15575/2013), which provides detailed parameters for performance of these buildings and provides methods according to the desired performance. At the same time, computer simulations have evolved, allowing lower cost of experimentation. These simulations are able to anticipate results which were previously only possible after physical tests of prototypes and also are able to find alternative solutions for energy efficiency and comfort of users. Among some existing programs for simulating thermal performance is the EnergyPlus, which was used for this study, with the primary objective of evaluating the thermal performance of prefabricated light steel frame panels. These panels were used in the facade and the internal seals of a building system composed of modular steel structure and floor and the concrete slab. To develop the study, a one-story residence was used as a base model, set by independent environments, composed entirely of the prefabricated light steel frame panels. The 16 panel types were studied in three different cities in Brazil, located in the Northeast, Southeast and South, and on a typical day of summer and winter. Using the computer simulation resources (EnergyPlus) enabled comparative analysis of thermal performance of each type when subjected to different temperatures and insolation regime. Most panel types have favorable results only in the city of Fortaleza, and unfavorable in the cities of São Paulo and Curitiba, whereas only the last panel type met the minimum performance requirements for all cities. This study does not include experimental data or physical tests.

No description available.

A new modular steel floor system, named FastFloor, is proposed for commercial buildings. The system is conceptualized to be prefabricated at the shop and ready to be installed on a previously erected skeleton frame structure consisting of girders and columns or connected to core shear walls. The system configuration aims to increase the speed of design, fabrication, and erection of a steel project by eliminating concrete pouring and curing times. Other advantages include reducing the weight of the building and its carbon footprint. Several module configurations were considered and evaluated based on a series of interviews with experts in steel fabrication and erection engineering. The selection relied not only on addressing the issues related to fabrication, transportation, and erection but also on satisfying floor vibrations, as it was determined to be the governing limit state of the plate thickness, section sizes, and beam spacing due to the presence of an unstiffened bare plate acting as a slab. Observations were performed regarding fabrication sequence and transportation on the chosen configuration. The dynamic properties of the module are particularly important because DG11 was developed for composite concrete-steel floor systems, and its applicability to all steel-floor systems needs to be evaluated. In parallel, a vibration testing program was conducted to determine the dynamic properties of the module, including natural frequencies and mode shapes. Lastly, the acceptability of the modular system for floor vibrations was evaluated by both a calculation method and a modeling approach. The analysis results suggest that the module will not satisfy floor vibrations criteria, but a modified module with added stiffeners is shown to be acceptable. Upcoming tests, by others, on specimens with a raised access floor will be necessary to refine the predictions and determine if the stiffeners are actually required. / Master of Science / FastFloor is an innovative modular all-steel floor system that aims to revolutionize the construction of commercial buildings, with benefits including enhanced efficiency in design, fabrication, and erection, as well as reduced environmental impact, by eliminating the need for concrete pouring and curing and full prefabrication in shops. Several module configurations were evaluated based on insights from industry experts in steel fabrication and erection engineering. It was observed that the main challenge in the early phases was to address issues related to fabrication, transportation, and erection while ensuring optimal performance in terms of floor vibrations. This thesis project focused on a preliminary assessment of the vibration behavior of the system by conducting dynamic tests and evaluating the compatibility with the analytical and computational procedures in Design Guide 11, which is not calibrated for an all-steel system like FastFloor. Based on the results, it was concluded that the initial configuration did not fully satisfy the floor vibrations criteria. However, through further computational evaluation, a modified module, based on the initial configuration with added stiffeners, was predicted to be satisfactory. Thus, future research will continue to refine the system behavior and predictions and evaluate the contributions of Raised Access Floor to the vibration performance.

Despite being the world’s second most important low-carbon source of electricity, the development of nuclear capacities is limited and does not comply with the International Energy Agency’s Sustainable Development Scenario. One of the main reasons for this lack of development is high and increasing costs of new nuclear capacities. In fact, capital costs can account for more than 80% of the Levelized Cost of Energy of a new nuclear power plant. Design accounts for about 10% and construction accounts for about 20% of the total capital cost. The importance of design and construction in nuclear power plants’ costs is partly due to limitations of traditional construction methods regarding both technical possibilities and realization schedules. Modular construction methods are proposed to reduce new nuclear power plants’ construction costs, and in particular steel-plate composite structures modular construction. Steel-plate composite structures consist of a structural interaction between thin steel plates and precast concrete. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the capacity of modular construction, using steel-plate composite panels, to fulfil nuclear safety and functional requirements; as well as to identify potential related gains and opportunities. Advantages and constraints of steel-plate composite modules were identified in scientific literature and intergovernmental opportunity studies, and were related to the specificities of nuclear structures’ design and construction. Steel-plate composite structures modular construction is based on the manufacturing of steel concrete composite modules outside of the civil works site. The higher productivity of workshops and the possible task parallelization may lead to significant construction schedules shortening and capital costs reduction. In addition, steel-plate composite modules offer new technical possibilities which may help solving some constructability issues. However, steel-plate composite structures modular construction requires a reconsideration of the traditional design and construction methods, as they imply new challenges and constraints. In particular, the modularization issue should be addressed as soon as possible in the design, and the module manufacturing capacities should be quickly identified or created in order to deliver properly manufactured modules on-time. Considering the advantages and constraints of steel-plate composite structures modular construction, it appears that steel-plate composite modules may fit advantageously most of the nuclear design requirements. However, due to the lack of feedback, it is proposed that the usage of steel-plate composite modules be limited to critical concrete structures of the containment building. In particular, it appears that the containment dome and the reactor pit construction may benefit from steel-plate composite structures construction methods. / Trots att kärnkraften är världens näst viktigaste koldioxidsnåla elkälla är utvecklingen av kärnkraftskapaciteten begränsad och överensstämmer inte med Internationella energiorganets scenario för hållbar utveckling. En av de viktigaste orsakerna till denna långsamma utveckling är de höga och ökande kostnaderna för ny kärnkraftskapacitet. Kapitalkostnaderna kan faktiskt utgöra mer än 80 % av den energikostnaden för ett nytt kärnkraftverk. Konstruktionen står för cirka 10 % och byggandet för cirka 20 % av den totala kapitalkostnaden. Att projektering och byggande har så stor betydelse för kärnkraftverkens kostnader beror delvis på begränsningar i de traditionella byggmetoderna när det gäller både tekniska möjligheter och tidsplaner för genomförandet. För att minska byggkostnaderna för nya kärnkraftverk föreslås byggmetoder som bygger på moduler, ”modulära byggmetoder”, särskilt sådana byggmetoder för stålplåtskompositkonstruktioner. Stålplåtskompositkonstruktionen består av en tunn plåt som samverkar med förtillverkad betong. Syftet med denna avhandling var att utvärdera möjligheterna för modulära konstruktioner med stålplåtskompositpaneler att uppfylla kraven på kärnkraftssäkerhet och funktionalitet samt att identifiera potentiella vinster och förbättringar i samband med detta. Fördelar och begränsningar med stålplåtskompositmoduler identifierades i vetenskaplig litteratur och i mellanstatliga studier om möjligheter och relaterades till de särskilda egenskaperna hos kärnkraftstekniska konstruktioners utformning och konstruktion. Modulär konstruktion av stålplåtskompositkonstruktioner bygger på tillverkning av stålbetongkompositmoduler utanför byggarbetsplatsen. Den högre produktiviteten i verkstäderna och den möjliga parallelliseringen av arbetsuppgifter kan leda till en betydande förkortning av produktionstiderna och en minskning av kapitalkostnaderna. Dessutom erbjuder stålplåtskompositmoduler nya tekniska möjligheter som kan bidra till att lösa vissa byggbarhetsproblem. Modulbyggandet av stålplåtskompositkonstruktioner kräver dock en omprövning av de traditionella konstruktions- och byggmetoderna, eftersom de innebär nya utmaningar och begränsningar. I synnerhet bör modulariseringsfrågan tas upp så snart som möjligt i byggprocessen, och modultillverkningskapaciteten bör snabbt identifieras eller skapas för att kunna leverera korrekt tillverkade moduler i tid. Med tanke på fördelarna och begränsningarna med modulbyggandet av stålplåtskompositkonstruktioner verkar det som om stålplåtskompositmoduler med fördel kan uppfylla de flesta av kraven för kärnkraftsteknisk konstruktion. På grund av bristen på feedback föreslås dock att användningen av stålplåtskompositmoduler begränsas till kritiska betongkonstruktioner i inneslutningsbyggnaden. I synnerhet verkar det som om konstruktionen av inneslutningskupolen och reaktorstödstrukturen kan dra nytta av konstruktionsmetoderna för stålplåtskompositkonstruktioner

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a study in the use of precast modular construction as an alternative to current methods of school construction in South Africa. Precast Modular Construction is a concept which utilises the principles of prefabrication and precast concrete. Concrete components, be they beams, columns, slabs or full volumetric modules, are manufactured either off-site in factories or in on-site facilities. These components are then assembled on-site to form the structural envelope of a building. This approach contains many inherent advantages: Time is saved due to on-site and off-site work happening concurrently and hence earlier building occupancy results which directly translates to cost reparation; quality is improved due to most of the work being carried out in a controlled factory environment; and health and safety is heightened. However, when viewed from a South African perspective, the fact that less work is done on-site indirectly implicates job loss, a serious issue in the country. Furthermore, implementing a prefabricated approach in the construction of South African schools requires a complete restructuring of the Department of Public Works’ current procurement approach. Prefabrication requires maximum integration between all parties to a project so that design and constructability issues can be addressed at an early stage. The design-build contract strategy is found to be the most integrated approach and allows for optimal collaboration between all project members. However, to only change the procurement route would not suffice as a complete solution. A broader approach is required which addresses issues prevalent in South Africa. These issues include job creation and the establishment of a sustainable and knowledgeable industry. Concepts such as standardisation and strategic partnering, in response, satisfy the need of the manufacturer - for economies of scale, and the employee - for creation of secure working environments. Verification is obtained from all of the aforementioned to propose that the optimal solution to successfully implement Precast Modular Construction for schools in South Africa would be to implement a design-build procurement approach, whereby a single design-build contractor is awarded by the Department of Public Works a contract, via competitive tendering, for the construction of a predetermined number of schools, preferably exceeding 3, over a given contract period using a standardised design and utilising customisable standardised prefabricated precast construction systems, i.e. Precast Modular Construction. This proposal will theoretically result, amongst other things, in the following: - Precast manufacturers will have a confirmed number of orders for products, and can hence be assured of a constant flow of income. This translates directly to an increase in both employment and job security at the manufacturing plant. - The economies of scale principle is satisfied and prefabricated components can therefore be manufactured or ‘mass customised’ in the most feasible way possible. - The design-build contractor will be guaranteed employment for a given period, once again providing job security for its employees, of which the number can also potentially increase. - The design-build contractor carries with it experience and lessons learned from each successfully completed project on to the next, and so becomes more proficient, resulting in better, higher quality schools delivered in shorter periods and with increased efficiency. It is recognised that the proposal is untested in practise but in a socio-economic situation such as South Africa, where large numbers of schools are required quickly, the above proposal makes sense. To additionally develop this hypothesis, further research is required in the fields of design-build procurement and strategic partnering. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n studie in die gebruik van modulêre voorafvervaardigte beton konstruksie as 'n alternatief vir die huidige metodes van skool konstruksie in Suid-Afrika. Modulêre voorafvervaardigte beton konstruksie bevat baie inherente voordele. Tyd word bespaar as gevolg van werk wat gelyktydig op en van die terrein af gebeur. Dus word die gebou vroeër betrek wat direk lei tot kostebesparings. Kwaliteit verbeter as gevolg van meeste van die werk wat in 'n beheerde fabriek omgewing uitgevoer word en as sulks lei tot beter gesondheid en veiligheid van werkers. Egter, vanuit 'n Suid-Afrikaanse perspektief impliseer die feit dat daar minder werk op die terrein gedoen word indirek werksverlies, 'n ernstige probleem in die land. Die implementering van 'n voorafvervaardigde benadering tot die bou van skole in Suid-Afrika vereis verder 'n volledige herstrukturering van die huidige verskaffing model. Voorafvervaardiging vereis maksimum integrasie tussen alle partye sodat projek ontwerp en boubaarheid op 'n vroeë stadium aangespreek kan word. Die ontwerp-bou kontrak strategie is die mees geïntegreerde benadering en laat toe vir optimale samewerking tussen alle projek lede. Om egter net die verskaffing roete te verander, sou nie voldoen as 'n enkele oplossing nie. 'n Breër benadering word vereis wat kwessies algemeen in Suid-Afrika aanspreek. Hierdie kwessies sluit in werkskepping en die vestiging van 'n volhoubare en kundige industrie. Konsepte soos standaardisering en strategiese vennootskap, as oplossings, voldoen aan die behoeftes van die vervaardiger - vir 'n ekonomieë van skaal, en die werknemer - vir die skepping van 'n versekerde werksomgewing. Die voorafgaande bevestig dat die optimale oplossing vir suksesvolle implementering van Beton Modulêre Konstruksie vir skole in Suid-Afrika sou wees om 'n ontwerp-bou verskaffingsprosedure te volg. Hierdeur kan 'n kontrak aan 'n enkele ontwerp-bou kontrakteur deur die Departement van Openbare Werke toegeken word, deur middel van ‘n mededingende tender proses. Daar word voorgestel dat die projek, vir die konstruksie van 'n voorafbepaalde aantal skole behoort te wees, verkieslik meer as 3, oor 'n bepaalde kontrak tydperk met behulp van 'n gestandaardiseerde ontwerp. Voorts word daar voorgestel om gebruik te maak van aanpasbare gestandaardiseerde voorafvervaardigde beton konstruksie stelsels, dws Beton Modulêre Konstruksie. Hierdie voorstel sal teoreties, onder andere, die volgende gevolge hê: - Beton vervaardigers sal 'n bevestigde aantal bestellings vir produkte hê, en kan dus verseker wees van 'n konstante vloei van inkomste. Dit lei direk tot 'n toename in indiensneming en werksekerheid by die fabriek. - Die ekonomieë van skaal beginsel is bevredig en voorafvervaardigde komponente kan dus vervaardig word in die mees haalbare manier moontlik. - Die ontwerp-bou kontrakteur is gewaarborg van indiensneming vir 'n gegewe tydperk, as sulks ook die verskaffing van werksekerheid vir sy werknemers, waarvan die aantal moontlik ook kan vermeerder. - Die ontwerp-bou kontrakteur neem ondervinding en lesse wat geleer is uit elke suksesvolle voltooide projek saam na die volgende een, en raak dus meer bedrewe, wat lei tot beter, hoër gehalte skole gelewer in korter tydperke en met toenemende doeltreffendheid. Die voorstel is egter ongetoets in die praktyk, maar in 'n sosio-ekonomiese situasie soos die van Suid-Afrika, waar 'n groot aantal skole vinnig benodig word, maak die bogenoemde voorstel sin. Om hierdie hipotese te ontwikkel, is verdere navorsing nodig in die gebied van ontwerp-bou verskaffing en strategiese vennootskappe.

Au cours des dernières décennies, la conception de complexes moléculaires ayant une organisation et des propriétés prévisibles n’était pas possible. Bien qu’il soit possible de calculer efficacement les propriétés de molécules individuelles, leur comportement collectif demeure imprévisible. Récemment, nous avons assisté au développement d’une nouvelle stratégie intitulée « construction modulaire » permettant de produire des matériaux bien définis et ordonnés dotés de nouvelles propriétés. Cette stratégie utilise des sous-unités moléculaires aptes à réaliser des interactions non-covalentes telles que des ponts hydrogène afin de maintenir des modules voisins à des positions programmables. Puisque les ponts hydrogène sont très forts et directionnels, un objectif important consiste à concevoir des sous-unités moléculaires aptes à réaliser un grand nombre de ponts hydrogène. Les molécules incorporant multiples groupements 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyles (DAT) sont un exemple de ce type de composés. Nos travaux sont focalisés sur l’introduction d’unités N(DAT)2, qui offrent la possibilité de faire des réseaux ordonnés maintenus ensemble par un nombre encore plus grand de ponts hydrogène par molécule. Nous décrivons les structures et les propriétés de matériaux cristallins de ce type, dans lesquels un nombre croissant de ponts hydrogène donne lieu à la formation de réseaux robustes et hautement poreux. / During the past few decades, designing molecular complexes with predetermined properties and predictable architectures was not possible. Although, it is possible to calculate the properties of individual molecules with confidence, the behavior of molecular assemblies remains unpredictable. Recently there has been a development of a strategy called “modular construction,” which can lead to producing well-defined and ordered materials with novel properties. This strategy uses molecular subunits that engage in non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds to hold the neighboring modules in programmable positions. Since hydrogen bonds show high strength and directionality, an important objective is to devise molecular subunits that can take part in a large number of hydrogen bonds. Examples are compounds that incorporate multiple 4.6-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyl (DAT) groups. Our work has focused on introducing N(DAT)2 units, which offer the possibility of making ordered networks held together by even larger number of hydrogen bonds per molecule. We describe the structures and properties of crystalline materials of this type, in which increasing the number of hydrogen bonds gives rise to the formation of robust networks with high levels of porosity.

Las entregas a destiempo son un problema recurrente en las empresas que representan un mercado incipiente pero también muy importante en la satisfacción de los clientes. Se presentan diversos factores que permite el retraso de los pedidos, como la planificación inadecuada de los materiales, los tiempos muertos y una distribución de áreas ineficientes en la planta de producción. Para optimizar el cumplimiento de las entregas a tiempo y reducir costos generados por el problema, se desarrollará una propuesta de mejora representado por un modelo combinado esquematizado en tres fases, utilizando la planificación del diseño sistemático (SLP), la planificación de los requerimientos de material (MRP) y Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM). El artículo se basará en un caso de estudio en el rubro de la construcción modular con un tipo de producción bajo proyectos, demostrando que el método desarrollado aumentará la precisión de la entrega de los pedidos en la fecha requerida. Dentro de las mejoras obtenidas luego de la validación, se logró superar el 50% de reducción tanto en el desplazamiento como en el tiempo. También se logró cumplir con el despacho de los materiales en un 95.74%. Además, en el proceso de compras se lograron emitir ordenes de acuerdo al proceso de producción, obteniendo así un cumplimiento del 92.10%. Por último, luego de la ejecución de los principales pilares del programa del mantenimiento productivo total, se obtuvo un incremento en el OEE de 37.67%, alcanzando el 97.76%. / Untimely deliveries are a recurring problem in companies that represent an incipient market but also very important in customer satisfaction. There are various factors that allow order delays, such as inadequate material planning, downtime, and inefficient area distribution on the production floor. To optimize the fulfillment of deliveries on time and reduce costs generated by the problem, an improvement proposal will be developed represented by a combined model outlined in three phases, using the systematic design planning (SLP), the planning of material requirements (MRP) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The article will be based on a case study in the field of modular construction with a type of production under projects, showing that the method developed will increase the precision of the delivery of orders on the required date. Among the improvements obtained after validation, it was possible to exceed a 50% reduction in both travel and time. It was also possible to comply with the dispatch of materials by 95.74%. In addition, in the purchasing process, orders were issued according to the production process, thus obtaining a compliance of 92.10%. Finally, after the execution of the main pillars of the total productive maintenance program, an increase in OEE of 37.67% was obtained, reaching 97.76%. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.