The meaning of the diploma thesis is to create a new mold plunger for injection mold using a suitable method according to the original mold plunger. The final mold part should meet the required surface parameters. The work is focused on the analysis of the original mold plunger and the experimental verification of suitable methods of production of the equivalent mold plunger.

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Introdução - Alguns tipos de fungos, como o mofo, são de fundamental importância médica, principalmente por produzirem toxinas nocivas à saúde dos humanos. São frequentemente encontrados no interior dos domicílios quando há condição favorável, como umidade e temperatura adequada. Vários estudos relataram associação entre mofo e doenças alérgicas ou respiratórias em crianças. Objetivos - Descrever as características dos domicílios dos recém-nascidos incluídos em um estudo de coorte na cidade de São Paulo e identificar as possíveis associações com o desenvolvimento de mofo visível nas superfícies (paredes, piso e teto). Métodos - Este trabalho faz parte de uma coorte de recém-nascidos com início em 2003 e término em 2007, denominada PROJETO CHIADO. Participaram do estudo 378 domicílios. Entrevistadores fizeram visitas nestas residências para coletar dados referentes às características dos domicílios (tipo de cobertura, tipo de forro, idade da construção) e condições intra-domiciliares (ventilação, aglomeração, incidência solar, temperatura, presença de umidade, presença de mofo). Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análises bivariável e multivariável (regressão logística) para identificar possíveis associações entre as características dos domicílios e a presença de mofo. Resultados Foi encontrado mofo visível na maioria dos domicílios visitados (66 por cento), sendo 28 por cento no quarto da criança e 38 por cento em outros cômodos. Foi relatada umidade em aproximadamente metade dos domicílios (47 por cento) e ventilação regular, ruim ou péssima em 42 por cento. Foram identificadas associações positivas entre a presença de mofo no quarto da criança e ventilação ruim ou péssima (OR=2,14; IC95 por cento:1,05-4,38), falta de incidência solar no verão (OR=3,84; IC95 por cento:1,59-9,28) e aglomeração de quatro ou mais pessoas no quarto da criança (OR=2,09; IC95 por cento:1,24-3,50). Por outro lado, os tipos construtivos apresentaram associação inversa com o mofo (OR=0,41; IC95 por cento: 0,17-1,01) para cobertura com telha de cerâmica e forro de madeira ou cobertura com fibrocimento e forro de concreto e OR=0,40; IC95 por cento: 0,18-0,90 para cobertura com telha de cerâmica e forro de concreto. Conclusão Ventilação precária, falta de incidência solar no domicílio durante o verão e aglomeração de pessoas no domicílio propiciam o desenvolvimento de mofo enquanto que os tipos construtivos com coberturas feitas com materiais de maior densidade protegem os domicílios contra o desenvolvimento de mofo. A partir do conhecimento das características dos domicílios, é possível realizar intervenções para evitar o crescimento do mofo / Introduction Some kind of fungi, such as mold, has fundamental medical importance, especially by producing toxins harmful to human health. They are often found inside the homes when there are favorable conditions, such as appropriated humidity and temperature. Several studies have reported associations between mold and respiratory and allergic diseases in children. Objectives To describe the household characteristics of the newborns included in a cohort study in the city of São Paulo and to identify possible associations with the visible mold development on the surfaces (walls, floors and ceiling). Methods This study is part of a newborns cohort study that started in 2003 and finished in 2007, called WHEEZING PROJECT. 378 households participated in the study. Interviewers visited the homes to collect data from households characteristics (type of roof, type of ceiling, building age) and indoor conditions (ventilation, crowding, solar incidence, temperature, presence of moisture, presence of mold). Descriptive analyses and bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were performed to identify associations between households characteristics and the presence of mold. Results Visible mold was found in most households visited (66 per cent), 28 per cent in the child´s room and 38 per cent in the other rooms. Moisture was reported in 47 per cent of the houses, and regular, bad or very bad ventilation in 42 per cent. Positive associations were found between the presence of mold in the homes and bad or very bad ventilation (OR=2,14; 95 per centCI: 1,05-4,38), no solar incidence in the summer (OR=3,84; 95 per centCI: 1,59-9,28) and crowding of at least four people in the child´s room (OR=2,09, 95 per centCI: 1,24-3,50). On the other hand, the type of construction showed inverse association with the mold (OR=0,41; 95 per centCI: 0,17-1,01) to ceramic tile roof and wood ceiling or cement-fibre roof and concrete ceiling and OR=0,40; CI IC95 per cent: 0,18-0,90 to ceramic tile and concrete ceiling. Conclusion Poor ventilation, no solar incidence in the home during the summer and crowding in the child´s room facilitate the development of mold, while the type of construction with high density materials protects the homes against the mold development. From the knowledge of the households characteristics, it is possible to perform interventions to prevent mold growth

A large amount of cheese is lost every year due to mold contamination. Biopreservation, which is the use of biological entities (microbes) and their metabolites to suppress microbial spoilage instead of chemical preservatives has lately gained increasing interest. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the potential for use in biopreservation, because they are safe to consume and naturally exist in many foods. In this study, fifteen strains of lactobacilli isolated from dairy products, vegetables, and fermented pickles were tested by agar overlay assay for their anti-mold activity. Six strains grown on MRS agar showed strong inhibitory activity against a target mold (Penicillium sp. at 105 spores/ml) isolated from the surface of Cheddar cheese. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests using API CHL50 strips. Five strains were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and one strain as Pediococcus pentasaceus. Well-diffusion method was used to demonstrate anti-mold activity in concentrated cell-free supernatants. Supernatants from all strains showed inhibition of the target mold (indicator). The anti-mold compound(s) produced by all the strains was heat-resistant (100o C for 15 min). Supernatants from 5 strains retained the anti-mold activity when the pH was adjusted to 6.8 ± 0.2, while one strain DC2 isolated from cheese lost its anti-mold activity at that pH. Temperature of incubation of cultures affected anti-mold activity. The optimum was 37o C. Very little or no inhibition was noted when cultures were incubated at either 10 or 55 °C. A preliminary study of applying anti-mold lactobacilli in Cheddar cheese was completed. Anti-mold LAB was added to the cheese milk as an adjunct to give 105 cfu/ml. After 1-week and 1-month ripening, mold (10~20spores) was added on to the surface, and the cheese was wrapped loosely. The appearance of the mold on cheese surface was monitored. Mold was not present on the 1-week old cheese “NB in milk” until the 6th day after the control cheese (made without strain NB) showed signs of mold. The 1-month old cheese “NB in milk ” extended the shelf life 17 days longer than the control cheese.

This paper describes a promising fabrication technique for rapid replication of high aspect ratio microstructured molds for UV embossing. The process involves casting silicone rubber on a microstructured master, replicating an epoxy mold using the PDMS rubber mold and finally, metallizing the surfaces of the epoxy mold by electroless plating nickel (EN). The preliminary study suggests that this technique is feasible for rapid replication of high aspect ratio molds for UV embossing. Uniform molds can be replicated rapidly through this technique making the process economical and accessible. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

With the increasing time people spend indoors, the indoor environment quality draws more and more attention. The concentration of indoor pollutants is usually much higher than outdoors, in which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and mold/mildew are both major pollutants and cause many health problems to residents. Efforts devoted from academy and industry to protecting people from indoor environment problems are apparently not sufficient. Photocatalysts, such as TiO2, WO and ZnO, can absorb light photons and react with O2 and H2O to generate highly oxidative radicals, which can oxidize VOCs and disinfect microorganisms. Recently, this photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) technology has been intensively studied to reduce VOCs and disinfect bacteria in the indoor environment. Few papers address the indoor mold/mildew problem, and this research therefore endeavors to do so. The objectives are to evaluate the effectiveness of PCO technology to resist mold/mildew growth and prevent VOC emission from building materials under either UV or visible light irradiation. The models, including linear regression, logistic regression, and numerical model, are also built for interpreting experimental results and for predicting performance in application. The mold/mildew resistance of different PCO gels was examined using accelerated mold/mildew growth agar plate tests. These gels included TiO2 only and TiO2 in combination with H2O2 and with Ag. Without the application of PCO gels, no mold/mildew inhibition was observed from UV (365 nm) or visible light. Under UV light irradiation, the TiO2 gel achieved complete mold/mildew inhibition. Without light, a 12-day delay of mold growth was obtained using the Ag-TiO2/H2O2 gel. Under visible light irradiation, the Ag-TiO2/H2O2 gel was also the most effective PCO gel with a 8-day delay of mold growth, which, however, was shorter than the same gel in the condition of no light with a 10-day delay due to the light-induced deterioration of the Ag-TiO2. The reduction of VOC emission from PCO gel (TiO2 gel and Ag-TiO2/H2O2 gel) coated building materials under UV or visible light irradiation was also confirmed by small chamber tests (the Ag-TiO2/H2O2 gel with above 50% reduction of total VOC emission). A linear model was obtained for the Ag-TiO2/H2O2 gel in the condition of no light, with respect to the correlation between the delay of mold growth and the gel ingredients. A logistic model was created for predicting the probability of mold growth on different TiO2 gels with different UV light exposure time at different intensities. A numerical model was developed with better accuracy than the previous one for VOC emission from PCO gel coated building materials. This study showed that the PCO gel might be a promising multifunctional material in resisting mold/mildew growth and preventing VOC emission in the indoor environment (The TiO2 gel for complete mold/mildew inhibition and the Ag-TiO2/H2O2 gel for delay of mold growth in emergency situations and reduction of VOC emission from building materials). More stable Ag-TiO2 or other visible-light-driven photocatalysts are needed in future research because of the deterioration of the current one.

Five breeding populations were created by crossing elite U.S. sorghum parental lines (RTx430, RTx436, BTx631, BTx635, and Tx2903) with 'Sureño', a dual purpose grain mold resistant sorghum cultivar. Molecular markers associated with five previously-reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain mold resistance originating in 'Sureño' were used to determine if their presence enhanced selection for grain mold resistance in these populations. The allelic status of 87 F4 lines, with respect to these QTL, was determined using both simple sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. All 87 F4:5 lines and their parental lines, were evaluated for grain mold resistance in replicated trials in eight diverse environments in South and Central Texas during the summer of 2002. The effects of each allele from the grain mold resistant parent 'Sureño' were determined across and within all five populations, within individual environments, and in each population x environment combination. With a few exceptions, the QTL were effective in reducing grain mold susceptibility only within the RTx430/Sureño progeny, the identical cross that was used in the original mapping study. The results indicate that while that these alleles do confer additional grain mold resistance, they are only selectable in the original mapping population. This fact limits their potential usefulness in an applied breeding program.

Advancements in technologies such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), display devices, biomedical products have created an increasing requirement for miniature components on the scale of micrometers to nanometers. Currently, a commonly used fabrication for miniaturization is LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanoformung, and Abformung). It is a reliably manufacturing method for high-aspect-ratio microstructures with a precision of less than one micrometer. The use of electroplating within LIGA techniques, however, limits the range of materials that can be used. But the main disadvantage of LIGA is its cost: high-energy X-rays generated by synchrotron equipment. The homogeneous and isotropic characteristics of amorphous bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) due to the absence of crystallites, grain boundaries and dislocations lead to the scale of the metallic-glass structures can be miniaturized down to the atomic scale, which presents very high strength, hardness, elastic strain limit and corrosion resistance. In addition, the excellent workability and surface printability in the supercooled liquid state (the region defined from the glass transition temperature (Tg) to the crystallization temperature (Tx) of BMG) has been considered to be one of the most attractive properties of BMGs. The lighter Mg-based metallic glasses exhibit their superior glass forming ability (GFA). Consequently, the using of Mg-based BMGs can gain the goals of light devices and simplify manufacturing process. In this study, therefore, besides the study of LIGA process, a new process utilize the thermoplastic properties of BMGs is presented. First, UV (ultraviolet) -LIGA, a more economical process than LIGA, is used to fabricate the master mold with nickle-cobalt (Ni-Co) alloy. Then, this mold is applied to hot emboss on Mg58Cu31Y11 amorphous alloy to form a secondary mold. The hot embossing temperature is set at 423 K (150 oC) according to the Tg of the BMG around 413 K (140 oC). This embossing process shows that the thermoplastic forming ability of the BMG material is better than Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) which requires high hot embossing pressure. BMG is not only a good material for hot embossing process to fabricate microstructure directly, but also a fast-forming material for mold (or die) fabrication. On the other hand, other replicated-able moulds are presented to demonstrate the multifunctional ability of BMGs. First, a mold of oxygen free copper (OFC) with a very low hardness of 1.606 GPa, which is a popular material for machining due to its good machinability, is used to hot emboss on Mg58Cu31Y11 BMG with a higher hardness of 3.445 GPa. Second, micro triangular-pyramidal array (MTPA) on a tungsten (W) steel mold is transferred on Mg58Cu31Y11 BMG using this modified multi-step hot-embossing method to reduce the pattern size. In addition, scratch test with the Nano Indenter® XP system is used to study the mechanical behavior of the Mg58Cu31Y11 BMG for the application such as surface printability.

Abstract National lands are important resources of a country as well as important tools of a government for implement of its policies. National lands are usually released in different ways and for development and utilization of different purposes from short-term lease to medium- or long-term lease; appraisal for superficies right; sale of land ownership; and from appropriation of lands to the competent authorities in charge of the relevant industries to management and operation of the lands by land authorities. Different ways of land release will bring about different policy effects and financial effects. Therefore, to attain certain goals of policies, the central government will make use of different ways to release lands for meeting different needs. In the past, when it is necessary to develop and utilize National lands for special development purposes, the public lands will become the targets of such development in most cases, and the competent government authorities in charge of the relevant industries usually play a leading role in the development. However, this is not the case in the recent ¡§Ting Pu High-tech Industrial Park Development Project¡¨ of Taipei County Government. In the project, the non-public lands became objectives of development rather than the public lands under the control of National Property Administration (NPA), Ministry of Finance. The project, through public selection procedure, recruits investors to participate in the development of the lands. As a result, three high-tech companies including Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. entered the park and built factories there. So the project should be considered as a successful case of land release. In recent years, NPA took over some lands from the Taiwan Provincial Government and commissioned the local governments to manage those lands. In addition, NPA started to take over the national assets from various organizations and state-run enterprises. It is anticipated that there will be a great deal of state-owned non-public lands to be released by NPA at the proper time and in proper ways for development and utilizations. In this way, the state-owned lands will have the opportunities to develop their functions. This study probes into the innovative development mold of Ting Pu High-tech Industrial Park and discuss the successful factors and existing problems of the park. It is hope that this study may provide the government a better method to create the utilization value of the lands and further to promote development of the country¡¦s economy and prosperity of the society. Finally, the research submits the following suggests: (1) The government should establish a land reserve system to enhance the power and function of land distribution and develop the functions of the public lands and its role in development of society and economy. (2) Currently, there are five types of industrial lands in the country, and they compete with one another to strive for resources and sources of customers. So, an integration of those lands becomes essential. (3) An incentive system should be established to encourage the local governments to take actions that suit local circumstances and develop the industries with local features. The government departments may also take the opportunities to release more public-owned lands for development and utilization of land in order to increase the land use value and create higher economic effect. Key words¡GNational land development mold¡ATing pu High-tech Industrial Park

Five breeding populations were created by crossing elite U.S. sorghum parental lines (RTx430, RTx436, BTx631, BTx635, and Tx2903) with 'Sureño', a dual purpose grain mold resistant sorghum cultivar. Molecular markers associated with five previously-reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain mold resistance originating in 'Sureño' were used to determine if their presence enhanced selection for grain mold resistance in these populations. The allelic status of 87 F4 lines, with respect to these QTL, was determined using both simple sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. All 87 F4:5 lines and their parental lines, were evaluated for grain mold resistance in replicated trials in eight diverse environments in South and Central Texas during the summer of 2002. The effects of each allele from the grain mold resistant parent 'Sureño' were determined across and within all five populations, within individual environments, and in each population x environment combination. With a few exceptions, the QTL were effective in reducing grain mold susceptibility only within the RTx430/Sureño progeny, the identical cross that was used in the original mapping study. The results indicate that while that these alleles do confer additional grain mold resistance, they are only selectable in the original mapping population. This fact limits their potential usefulness in an applied breeding program.