Revised version of Thesis (M.A.)--University of London, 1966. / "Index of the titles of the verses of Muyaka": p. [336]-338. Includes bibliographical references (p. [339]-340).

Revised version of Thesis (M.A.)--University of London, 1966. / "Index of the titles of the verses of Muyaka": p. [336]-338. Includes bibliographical references (p. [339]-340).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [242]-254).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao juliana a ruggiero.pdf: 746558 bytes, checksum: a556e0faa414a8d2887f1bfe5270a51c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-02-27 / The best combinations of different sheets of water were evaluated and of doses of nitrogen in the production of dry matter (t/ha) in grass Panicum maximum Jaqc. cv. Mombaça. The grass was submitted to the following treatments: 5 irrigation sheets (portions L0, L1, L2, L3 and L4 corresponding her/it respectively without irrigation, 30%, 60%, 90% and 120% of the evaporation and potential perspiration of the culture (Etpc)), applied for leak, and to 4 doses of manuring of nitrogen (subportions 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha/year of nitrogen) that were divided in 7 applied doses after the cuts. The period of used rest was of 28 days, being approximately the mass cut grass the 30 cm of the soil. The used complet randomized blocks in portions subdivided appraised in 6 different times understanding the period of the drought in the area. For the production of dry matter (t/ha) there was difference (P <0,05), in the irrigation in the months of April, May, June and October, not having difference (P>0,05) the months of July, August and September, due to fall in the production caused by the low temperatures. The matter accumulation dries in the months of deficit hidric for L3 and fertilized with 400 kg/ha/year of N was of 1,36 t/ha, corresponding her/it an increment of production of approximately 152% in relationship the portions without irrigation (0,54 t/ha). there was not significant difference (P>0,05) for the doses of manuring of nitrogen. The low temperatures and the irrigation handling interfered in the production of dry matter, could limit the use of this technique in certain areas. The use of the leak system in the pasture irrigation is not very defined having been had difficulties in the evaluation of the correct application of water. / Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes lâminas de água e doses de nitrogênio na produção de matéria seca (t/ha) em capim Panicum maximum Jaqc. cv. Mombaça, no período de abril a outubro no município de Goiânia. A forrageira foi submetida aos seguintes tratamentos: cinco lâminas de irrigação (L0, L1, L2, L3 e L4 correspondendo respectivamente a sem irrigação, 30%, 60%, 90% e 120% da evapotranspiração potencial da cultura (Etpc)) nas parcelas, aplicados por gotejamento, e a quatro doses de adubação nitrogenada (100, 200, 300 e 400 kg/ha/ano de nitrogênio) nas subparcelas, que foram divididas em 7 aplicações realizadas logo após os cortes. O período de descanso utilizado foi de 28 dias, sendo a massa forrageira cortada a aproximadamente 30 cm do solo. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas avaliados em 6 épocas diferentes, compreendendo o período da seca na região. Para a produção de matéria seca (t/ha) houve efeito significativo para a irrigação (P<0,05), nos meses de abril, maio, junho e outubro, não havendo diferença (P>0,05) nos meses de julho e setembro, devido a queda na produção ocasionada pelas baixas temperaturas e pelo manejo da forrageira. O acúmulo de matéria seca nos meses de déficit hídrico para a L3 e adubada com 400 kg/ha/ano de N foi de 1,36 t/ha, correspondendo a um acréscimo de produção de aproximadamente 152% em relação as parcelas sem irrigação (0,54 t/ha). Este incremento na produção é pequeno, se comparado com a produção obtida somente em abril que foi de 4,19 t/ha. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para as doses de adubação nitrogenada. As baixas temperaturas, o manejo de irrigação, a altura de rebaixamento de 30 cm do solo e o período de descanso de 28 dias, interferem na produção de matéria seca, limitando a utilização desta técnica em certas regiões. A utilização do sistema de gotejamento na irrigação de pastagem não está bem definida tendo sido encontradas dificuldades na avaliação da correta aplicação de água.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / A public orthodontic system generally is designed to prioritize patients so that those who have the greatest need receive treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective perceptions of the occlusal appearance of 11 to 12 year-old schoolchildren of Nairobi with the modified Aesthetic Component (AC) scale of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The objectives were to assess the children's perception of their occlusal appearance, categorise the occlusal appearance using the AC scale, by both the children and researcher; and to compare the children's' perception and the AC of the IOTN. Satisfaction with appearance of teeth and occlusion as well as peer comparison was investigated. The treatment need and demand was assessed using the modified AC photographs of the IOTN. Altogether, 488 school children (249 girls and 239 boys) assessed their perception of the anterior teeth using a Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS) and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire. The researcher examined the anterior teeth of the participants and categorised them using the AC of the IOTN. The following results were reported: about two-thirds of the respondents were satisfied with the appearance of their teeth, with the gender difference being statistically significant. About 35% were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied, but reasons for it varied. More than half of the respondents rated their teeth as better than those of their peers and three-quarters were satisfied with their occlusion, the two responses elicited no gender difference. Treatment need was assessed by use of the AC indicated that there was a moderate agreement between researcher and respondents’ in treatment need assessment. The researcher found 36.3% needed treatment against self-perceived need of 30.9%. One-third of the respondents determined by the researcher to 'need treatment', felt 'no need'. There was no statistical gender difference in perceived need for treatment. The selection of ranked photographs of the AC by both researcher and respondents demonstrated skewed distributions towards the 'low ranked' or attractive end of the ranking order irrespective of the state of occlusion. Statistical comparison of the two methods used, namely the VDS and VAS, indicated that the responses were significantly different. Therefore it is suggested that any treatment priority assessment should take perceptions of occlusal appearance. into consideration.

Book Review: Mirza, Sarah & Margaret Strobel (ed.) 1989. Three Swahili Women. Life Histories from Mombasa. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. and Mirza, Sarah & Margaret Strobel (ed.) 1989. Wanawake watatu wa Kiswahili hadithi za maisha kutoka Mombasa, Kenya. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

The tourism industry is today the most powerful driver of economic growth and development. Globalization plays a big role in diminishing traveling barriers across the globe, which has led to increased competition between destinations to identify themselves and delineate how they want to be perceived by tourists. In this case, developing a clear destination brand identity is paramount for success. Tourism destinations are complex; they are multidimensional and so are their consumer needs and stakeholders interests. The focal point of this research was on destination branding; it is crucial to have all the stakeholders on board. Consequently, a destination brand has to reflect the authentic identity of the destination hence differentiating it from its competitors. The purpose of the research was to explore stakeholders’ practices in destination branding, their attitude, experiences and expectations of branding Mombasa. The research was based on qualitative method where primary data was gathered through face to face interviews with the tourism stakeholders in Mombasa, and data collected was analysed using content analysis. The key findings include; lack of unity among stakeholders, Mombasa has not been branded, inadequate funds for branding Mombasa, and need for product diversification. The research concludes by suggesting step by step approach for branding the destination.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardio-vascular diseases and stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes and chronic pulmonary disorders, are rapidly emerging as leading causes of morbidity and premature mortalities globally. The majority of the populations worldwide have experienced major transformations in disease profiles and health status characterized by a shift from infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies to a predominance of chronic diseases of lifestyle. This epidemiological transition is regarded as an outcome of the environmental and socioeconomic changes following urbanization.Common behavioral health risk factors, such as smoking, risky alcohol consumption,sedentarism, overweigh/obesity and hypertension, have consistently been attributed to the development of chronic non-communicable diseases among populations.This thesis seeks to describe the epidemiology of the major common risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among people living in Mombasa, Kenya. The study responds to the WHO’S recommendations on comprehensive and continuous risk factor surveillance as an essential component of the public health information system and a vital health promoting strategy in the control and prevention of non-communicable diseases.A cross-sectional study design using the WHO STEPwise protocol was employed.Convenient stratification of the Mombasa population was done according to gender, age and setting categories. Using the Yamane formula n = N/1+ N(e²), a sample of 500 participants aged 15 to 70 years was arrived at. The researcher then conveniently selected public high schools, tertiary institutions, workplaces and a marketplace as the study settings.The WHO STEPS instrument (Core and Expanded Version 1.4) was used for data collection. Step 1 involved gathering information on socio-demographic characteristics and health-related behaviors of the participants using close-ended structured questions. Step involved the taking of simple anthropometrical measurements pertaining to height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and pulse rate.Data were captured, cleaned and analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and SPSS version 16.0. Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were used to determine associations between socio-demographic variables and behavioral health risk factors.The results indicated that 61% of the study participants possessed at least one of the investigated risk factors. 17% of the participants had a multiple risk factor profile, with 54% more females having a higher mean risk factor score compared to 46% of their male counterparts.Physical inactivity, hypertension and overweight/obesity were the most common registered risk factors, accounting respectively for 42%, 24% and 11%. Physical inactivity and hypertension formed the commonest cluster of multiple risk factor patterns; they co-occurred in 68% of the participants with a multiple risk factor profile.Increasing age, female gender and a low level of educational attainment were factors seen to be significantly associated with the development of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the participants. It was observed that the burden of risk factors was unequally distributed among Mombasa residents; intervention programs based on our findings should therefore be used to ensure effectiveness. Future studies using nationally representative samples are further suggested to provide a more comprehensive analysis of a national risk factor profile.

Kenyan informal settlements have been thoroughly depicted by previous researchers as biophysical, epidemiological, and economic risk environments in which food insecurity is recognised as one of the most persistent everyday challenges. Although unemployment and illness are key contributors to the inability to purchase sufficient food, the reasons why households experience food insecurity are more complicated and not fully understood. Part of the problem is that few previous studies have privileged socio-political contributions (e.g. gender-based power inequalities and the impacts of social networks) to household food security risk. Whilst food security researchers commonly utilise the concept of vulnerability to address household-scale risk, this concept is rarely applied to interpersonal dynamics within households. Using data gathered through participant observation, questionnaires, and 109 in-depth interviews with 67 participants, this thesis provides an ethnographic account of household food insecurity in an informal settlement which addresses three primary questions: (1) In what ways might interpersonal relationships within households contribute social and political obstacles to achieving food security? For instance, how and why might risk for food insecurity emerge from experiences of interpersonal conflict? (2) What role do extra-household social networks play in experiences of food security within households? (3) How useful is the concept of vulnerability for addressing experiences of risk which are negotiated between household members? In the informal settlement of 'Bangladesh', Mombasa, Kenya, conflict within domestic, especially conjugal, relationships represents a potential source of risk to food security for individual members or entire households. Contributing to this conflict are gender inequality, power differentials, the failure to meet marital expectations, and how people respond when presente with risk. Resulting experiences of food insecurity are shown to contribute to further conflict in the household, thereby creating a cycle of conflict and food insecurity. Those who find that they have insufficient food at home may receive assistance (food or money) from members of their social networks. However, these relationships may also contribute to experiences of conflict, and therefore insecurity, within households. Applying concepts of vulnerabilty to account for experiences of risk and their consequences (food insecurity) requires differentiating between what represents a hazard, a response, and an outcome. Within multi-person households, it is exceedingly difficult to divide lived experiences involving interpersonal conflict among these three categories. Thus, I argue that vulnerability is less useful for research concerning intra-household dynamics than it is for studies which assume households to be undifferentiated units.

Orientador: Cibele Chalita Martins / Resumo: A qualidade das sementes é influenciada pelas condições climáticas e fitossanitárias do campo de produção. A identificação das características das melhores áreas produtoras de sementes de gramíneas forrageiras permite aprimoramento do setor. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar características climáticas das regiões produtoras que podem afetar a qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. Foram avaliados 19 lotes de sementes de P. maximum procedentes dos Estados de São Paulo e Goiás, colhidos pelo método de varredura do solo. Foram avaliados seis lotes de Auriflama – SP, três lotes de Guzolândia – SP, oito lotes de Quirinópolis – GO e dois lotes de Serranópolis – GO, pelas seguintes determinações: teor de água, viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio, pureza física, valor cultural, peso de mil sementes, determinação de outras sementes por número, germinação e os testes de vigor de emergência de plântulas em areia e em campo, primeira contagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação. Também foi avaliada a qualidade sanitária das sementes pelo método do papel de filtro. Foram obtidos dados de temperatura e precipitação desde o período de florescimento até a colheita das sementes de cada região de produção. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade. Para discriminar as regiões que produzem lotes de sementes de melhor qualidade e quais fatores ambientais têm influ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Seed quality is influenced by the climatic and phytosanitary conditions of the field of production. The identification of the characteristics of the best seed producing areas of forage grasses allows improvement of the sector. Thus, the present research had as objective to identify climatic characteristics of the producing regions that can affect the physical, physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa. A total of 19 seed lots of P. maximum were collected from the States of São Paulo and Goiás, collected by the soil scanning method. Six lots of Auriflama - SP, three lots of Guzolândia - SP, eight lots of Quirinópolis - GO and two lots of Serranópolis - GO were evaluated by the following determinations: water content, viability by tetrazolium test, physical purity, weight of one thousand seeds, determination of other seeds by number, germination and emergence vigor tests of seedlings in sand and field, first count of germination and rate of germination. The sanitary quality of the seeds was also evaluated by the filter paper method. Temperature and precipitation data were obtained from the flowering period to the harvest of the seeds of each production region. Treatment averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. To discriminate the regions that produce seed lots of better quality and which environmental factors have influence on each of the quality parameters of the seeds, the multivariate statistical analysis was applied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre