Le présent travail porte sur le décor enluminé des manuscrits produits en Iran et en Iraq sous domination mongole (1258 – c. 1350). Cette étude n’a pas seulement pour but de se pencher sur les structures scandant le manuscrit et sur leurs modes de remplissage, mais elle s’ouvre aussi sur les échanges culturels et artistiques dont ce décor est parfoisemblématique. La méthodologie retenue s’articule autour de deux axes principaux : la première fait appel à une « approche déconstructive » qui consiste en une suite de focalisations permettant de passer du macroscopique au microscopique. Il s’agit en fait d’appréhender dans un premier temps la notion de programme enluminé, puis d’examiner leurs éléments constitutifs comme les frontispices ou les shamsa et de procéder ensuite à l’examen de leurs modes de remplissage. Le deuxième axe de cette recherche met l’accent sur la complexité des transferts entre des sphères aussi diverses que la Chine, le Tibet, l’Inde, l’Iran et les chrétientés durant la période de règne des Īlkhānides. Le rôles de la circulation des marchandises et des cadeaux diplomatiques sont particulièrement examinés. Signalons, parmi les conclusions, les (ré-) attributions de manuscrits ainsi qu’une discussion sur la pertinence de l’appellation d’ « Islamic Chinoiserie » passée dans la littérature. / My dissertation focuses on the manuscript illumination under the Il-khanid rule in Iran and Iraq, between 1258 and c. 1350. This study reconsiders the constitutive patterns and construction systems of the decorative components of the book and also underscores evidence of extensive cultural and artistic exchanges on the scale of Eurasia. The selected methodology is mainly twofold: The first one lies on a “deconstructive approach” of the ornament by an examination of the material both on the macroscopic and microscopic scales. In other words, the thesis begins with the general characterization of the illuminated programs, focusing thereafter on their constitutive elements such as frontispieces or shamsa and concluding with an examination of the various forms of fillings. The second axis highlights the complex role of transfers between several cultural centers particularly active such as China, Tibet, India and the different Christianities during the Il-Khanid period. Circulation of wares and exchanges of diplomatic gifts are explored to propose clues on the reception of new patterns in Iranian ornament.In the conclusion, this thesis suggests the (re-)attributions of some manuscripts and comments the relevance of the now usual expression “Islamic Chinoiserie”.

Cette thèse traite de l'attachement des Mongols au chant et plus largement à ce que j'appelle un continuum sonore. Mes interlocuteurs perçoivent cet attachement comme l'une des dimensions pérennes et fondamentales de l'être mongol. Mon objectif est double. J'entends décrire les dispositifs qui produisent dans le même temps les contours de ce continuum sonore et des formes de sensibilité et d'attention spécifiques. Je veux comprendre les processus de sa supposée transmission. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The thesis deals with the Mongolian proverbs - zu'ir cecen u'g and their relation to the traditional world-view of the Mongolian nomads. Selected proverbs are translated, commented and set in the context of a nomadic life. Keywords: Proverbs Zu'ir cecen u'g World-view Mongols Nomads

Following several successful military expeditions against the Mongols in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Manchu rulers of Qing China (1644-1911) met an unprecedented challenge as they incorporated culturally different subjects into their growing empire. After doubling in territory and tripling in population, how did the multicultural Qing operate? How did the new imperial subjects receive and reinterpret Qing state policies? What have been the ramifications of the eighteenth-century political innovations in modern China? In this dissertation, I address these questions by examining the encounters of the expanding Qing empire with Tibetans and Mongols in Inner Asia. Central to the analysis is Tibetan Buddhism, to which Mongols and Tibetans have adhered for centuries. Recent decades have seen a growing volume of research attending to Tibetan Buddhism within the context of the Qing’s imperial policies, but key questions still remain with regards to the perspective of these Inner Asian communities and the reasons for their participation in the imperial enterprise. The inadequate understanding of the Qing’s interaction with Tibetan Buddhism is predicated upon the assumption that Qing emperors propitiated the belligerent Mongols by patronizing their religion. While this premise acknowledges Tibetan Buddhism’s importance in the Qing’s imperial formation, it simultaneously deprives those practicing the religion of agency. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze how the empire was ruled from the viewpoint of the governed. The project draws evidence from Tibetan-language biographies and monastic chronicles, letters in the Mongolian language, as well as local gazetteers, artisanal manuals, and court statutes in Chinese and Manchu, the two official languages in the Qing era. These textual sources are supplemented by Tibetan Buddhist artifacts housed in museums and libraries in North America and Asia. Through an examination of the wide array of source materials, I argue that the Qing imperial rulers capitalized on the religious culture of Inner Asian communities, which in turn gave rise to a transnational religious network that was centered on Tibetan Buddhist epistemology. The religious knowledge system remained strong well past the formative eighteenth century. Its enduring impact on Qing political and social history was felt even as the empire worked towards creating a distinctive cosmopolitan Qing culture. The dissertation consists of four chapters, each of which locates a space within the context of the symbiotic growth of the Qing and the Tibetan Buddhist knowledge network. This dissertation revolves around Tibetan Buddhist scholars, institutions, rituals, and objects, as they traveled from Tibet to Qing China’s capital and eastern Mongolia, and finally entered the literary realm of intellectuals in eighteenth-century China. Chapter One brings into focus Tibetan Buddhist reincarnation—a dynamic practice that redefined the institutional genealogy of individual prestige—as the Qing imperial power increased its contact with Inner Asian communities from the 1720s in the strategic border region of Amdo between Tibet and Qing China. I discuss how local hereditary headmen refashioned themselves into religious leaders whose enduring influence could transcend even death so as to preserve their prestige. Yet, their impact reached beyond the imperial margin. Chapter Two traces the role of these religious leaders in transforming an imperial private space into the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in the Qing’s imperial capital. This monastery—Beijing’s Lama Temple (Yonghegong 雍和宮)—not only became a site that manifested Qing imperial devotion to Tibetan Buddhism, but also served as an institutional outpost for the increasingly transnational Tibetan Buddhist network to the east. The Lama Temple was not the only outpost of the growing religious network, and Chapter Three explores another major nodal point within this network at a contact zone in southern Mongolia. It was here that two massive Tibetan Buddhist monasteries were constructed, owing to the mutual efforts undertaken by the imperial household and Tibetan Buddhists from Inner Asia. The final chapter returns to the imperial center but shifts its focus to a discursive space formed by Tibetan Buddhist laity who also occupied official posts in the imperial court. Two Manchu princes and one Mongolian Buddhist composed or were commissioned to compile texts in multiple languages on Tibetan Buddhist epistemology. Their writings reveal the fluidity and extent of the religious network, as well as its symbiotic growth with the imperial enterprise as the Qing empire took shape territorially and culturally. This dissertation concludes by addressing the nature of the Qing’s governance and that of the transnational power of the Tibetan Buddhist network, and it aims to deconstruct the dominant discourse associated with imperial policies in the Inner Asian frontier. My findings offer insight into how Tibetan Buddhism had a lasting impact on the Qing’s imperial imagination, during and after the formative eighteenth century.

The Russian people and the steppe nomads have maintained a symbiotic relationship for 2600 years that was undeniably fluid; however, for the most part mental and sometimes physical barriers have been erected in Russian society and historiography in an attempt to deny or suppress many aspects of Russia’s “Asian” features or historical past. This thesis aims to bring to light the fluidity and cross-cultural exchanges of this relationship, the substantial influences of steppe societies on Russian society and history, as well as to examine the motives and ideologies behind Russia’s anti-nomadic sentiments that ultimately shaped and censored Russian national history. The invaluable benefits of nomadic and steppe customs in Russian society and on Russian identity have previously been ignored, dismissed or downplayed in Russian historiography, and revisionist historians hope to reverse this and introduce the concept that the rise of the Russian nation would not have been possible without the influence of steppe nomadic societies.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss.--Berlin--Freie Universität, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 437-446. Glossaire. Index.

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Aachen--Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, 1990.

The purpose of this paper is to study and evaluate the Japaenese program relative to the Mongol question. Some questions to consider would be: What relationship was there between the Hsingan provinces and the Manchukuo government and why? What specific Mongol programs did the Japanese promote and why? What were the results? How did the Mongols react? What designs did the Japanese have in Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia relative to her key position in Eastern Mongolia? Why and how did China and Russia react to Japan's plans and what were the results? How did the Mongol react to the three Asiatic Powers at this period? In an overall view, what were the successes and failures of the Japanese in their attempt to solve the Mongol question?

Textual Analysis of the Extant Original of The Secret History of the Mongols Abstract The purpose of the present thesis is to analyze every aspect of textual nature present in the Chinese original of the Secret History of the Mongols. The work consists of four chapters that touch issues such as the Chinese characters used for the transcription, their pronunciation and meaning, as well as invented or wrong characters. A list is presented with all the Mongolian syllables obtainable by means of the Chinese transcription system and with all the characters used for this. Subsequently, graphic aspects such as word division or punctuation are examined. The last chapter approaches the glossing system of the Mongolian text used in this work. On the basis of the analysis of the collected data, some plausible assumptions about historical or linguistic issues are advanced, such as the ethnic identity of the author of the transcript or the author of the glosses, the existence of a Mongolian dialect with own characteristics in the Yuan dynasty environment, or the reason why this transcript was glossed, and whether it was done out of an original written in Uyghur script. Keywords: textual analysis, Mongolian language, The Secret History of the Mongols, Yuan Dynasty