Objetivou-se quantificar a deposição total de serapilheira e analisar o retorno dos nutrientes N, P, K sob o plantio de híbridos de Eucalyptus, inseridos no domínio Cerrado, estado do Tocantins. Foram instalados em cada um dos plantios dez coletores de 1 x 1 m, com fundo de tela tipo sombrite 50% e profundidade de 0,10 m. Os coletores foram sustentados por estacas com 0,80 m de altura do solo, os quais foram monitorados mensalmente durante o período de maio 2015 a abril de 2016. As amostras coletadas foram secas e separadas em frações de folha e material lenhoso, sendo as mesmas encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Solos da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi - TO, onde se processou a análise de rotina para os macronutrientes N, P e K. O maior período de precipitação ocorreu durante os meses de novembro de 2015 a abril de 2016. A produção média de serapilheira total entre os dois plantios apresentou-se bem variável com uma produção anual de 3274,5 kg ha-1 no plantio de E. urocam e de 3523 kg ha-1 no plantio de E. urograndis. O plantio do hibrido E. urocam está sofrendo efeitos de borda, ou seja, condições climáticas adversas com maior incidência de vento e chuvas além do calor excessivo nas bordas enquanto que o plantio de E. urograndis está protegido pela reserva legal e pelo hibrido E. urocam. A fração mais representativa da serapilheira total encontrada nos dois plantios estudados foi composta por folhas, que perfazem 51,2% do total de material depositado nos coletores enquanto que a fração material lenhoso contribuiu com 48,8%. Em ambos os plantios o maior aporte de folhas ocorreu no período de maior precipitação (maio, novembro e dezembro de 2015 e janeiro a abril de 2016). A fração folha em ambos os plantios foi a que apresentou maiores teores dos elementos (N, P e K), sendo 78,5, 57,3 e 65,5% respectivamente. / This study aimed to quantify the total deposition of litter and analyze the return of nutrients N, P, K under the planting of hybrids of Eucalyptus inserted in the Cerrado Biome, Tocantins State. Ten collectors of 1 x 1 m were installed in each plantation, with a 50% shading screen background and depth of 0.10 m. The collectors were supported by 0.80 m height piles, which were monitored monthly during the period from May 2015 to April 2016. The samples were dried and separated into leaf and timber material fractions, which were therefore sent to the Federal University of Tocantins Soils Laboratory, Gurupi Campus - TO, where the routine analysis for macronutrients N, P and K took place. The highest rainfall period occurred during the months of November 2015 to April 2016. The average production of total litter between the two stands showed quite varied with an annual production of 3274.5 kg ha-1 in the E. urocam stand and 3523 kg ha-1 in the E. urograndis stand. E. urocam hybrid planting is suffering from edge effects, ie adverse weather conditions with higher incidence of wind and rainfall besides excessive heat at the edges while E. urograndis planting is protected by legal reserve and hybrid E. urocam. The most representative fraction of the total litter found in both stands studied consisted of leaves that make up 51.2% of the material deposited in the collector while the timber material fraction contributed 48.8%. In both stands, the greatest contribution of leaves occurred in the period of highest rainfall (May, November and December 2015 and January to April 2016). The leaf fraction in both stands showed the highest levels of the elements (N, P and K), being 78.5, 57.3 and 65.5% respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ GONZAGA ALVES MENDONCA.pdf: 1578593 bytes, checksum: 5f049fe889d74ba78cc955f2f86391f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-19 / This project aimed to understand the structure and composition of bird s assemblages soybean monoculture (Glycine max (L) and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum (L) in the city of Palmeiras de Goiás verifying the richness of bird species in the two areas of cultivation. The study was conducted on Veneza s farm located on the north of the city of Palmeiras (lat 16.637350º, lon 49.916712º, approximate altitude of 680m with a total area of 6.8 ha and on Mutum s farm (16.652532 ° lat, lon 49.930184 °, average altitude of 630m with an area of 6.4 ha) both areas located approximately 80 km from the state s capital. The methodology used was the survey of transects which occurred in the morning between 6:00 and 8:00 am and between 16:30 and 18:30 in the afternoon during May/2011 and April/2012. The registration procedure of the species was based on Angels and Biby. The records were made visually, using binoculars and also by identifying vocalizations, taking great care to not register the same individual more than once. The identification of species followed the method described by Ridgely and Tudor. Scientific names and taxonomic classification used in this study followed the listing of the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee. No changes were made at the time of data collection during the summer time, being thus kept the timezone (GMT - 3 h). To compare the studied areas were evaluated the rates of diversity, such as: species richness, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index for equitability, among others 19 orders, 35 families, 110 species were listed and distributed to 6,808 individuals registered for the two areas being 3,211 (47.17%) meetings for the monoculture of sugar cane and 3597 (52.83%) for soybean. The diversity index (Margalef) was 8.69 for sugar cane and 8.34 for soybean which indicates rich diversity of the two areas, but insignificant differences between the species found in monocultures studied. Comparing the two areas with the application of the Shannon-Wiener index of 3.48 to sugar cane and 3.57 for soybean which is consistent with the results of previous index. This study revealed, although partially, the structures that compose the assemblages of birds present in monocultures of sugar cane and soybean in those areas. Probably these data may represent superficially the influence of agricultural systems in the Cerrado biome. This study contributes not only to the local bird faunal knowledge, but also for the development of environmental politics that aimes the preservation of natural ecosystems enabling agricultural development within the principles of environmental sustainability. / Este projeto teve como objetivo conhecer a estrutura e composição das assembléias de aves de monoculturas de soja (Glycine max (L) e cana-deaçúcar (Saccharum officinarum (L) no município de Palmeiras de Goiás verificando a riqueza de espécies de aves nas duas áreas de cultivo. O estudo foi realizado nas fazendas Veneza localizada ao norte da cidade de Palmeiras de Goiás (lat 16.637350º, lon 49.916712º, altitude aproximada de 680m de altitude tendo a área o total de 6,8 ha e Fazenda Mutum (lat 16.652532º, lon 49.930184º, altitude média de 630m de altitude com área de 6,4 ha ambas as áreas localizadas aproximadamente 80 km da capital do estado. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento por transectos sendo que os mesmos ocorreram no período matutino entre 6:00 e 8:00 da manhã e entre 16:30 e 18:30 no período vespertino entre maio/2011 e abril 2012. O procedimento de registro das espécies foi baseado em Anjos e Biby. Os registros foram feitos visualmente e também pela identificação das vocalizações, tomando-se o máximo de cuidado para não registrar um mesmo indivíduo mais de uma vez consideramos a abundância como o total de encontros com as aves de cada espécie. A identificação das espécies seguiu o método descrito por Ridgely, Tudor e Sick. Os nomes científicos e a classificação taxonômica empregada neste estudo seguiram a listagem do Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos. Não foram feitas mudanças nos horários de coleta de dados durante o horário de verão, ficando, portanto, mantido o fuso horário (-3 h GMT). Para comparar as áreas estudadas foram avaliados índices de diversidade como: riqueza específica, índice de Margalef, índice de Shannon-Wiener, índice de Pielou para equitabilidade entre outros. Foram listadas 19 ordens, 35 famílias, 110 espécies distribuídas para 6.808 indivíduos registrados para as duas áreas sendo 3.211 (47,17%) encontros para a monocultura de cana-de-açúcar e 3.597 (52,83%) para a cultura de soja. Embora a cultura de cana-de-açúcar tenha apresentado menores alterações estruturais durante o período de estudo, a diferença de registros não representou mais que 5,7% do total geral. Este estudo permitiu identificar, embora que parcialmente, as estruturas que compõem as assembléias de aves presentes nas monoculturas de cana-deaçúcar e soja nas referidas áreas. Possivelmente estes dados podem representar superficialmente a influência dos sistemas agrícolas no bioma Cerrado. Este estudo contribui não só para o conhecimento avifaunistico local, mas também para o desenvolvimento de políticas ambientais que visem a preservação dos ecossistemas naturais possibilitando o desenvolvimento agrícola dentro dos princípios da sustentabilidade ambiental.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-05-21T16:23:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ingo Hübel_.pdf: 3839162 bytes, checksum: 96ef72eff66abad33169ea566c1b3c53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T16:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ingo Hübel_.pdf: 3839162 bytes, checksum: 96ef72eff66abad33169ea566c1b3c53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29 / Aracruz Celulose S/A / A implantação de monoculturas de eucalipto é muito criticada e tratada como responsável pela degradação do solo e por importantes mudanças biológicas. No Rio Grande do Sul a conservação dos campos se limita basicamente às Áreas de Preservação Permanente – APP, que prevêem a preservação de uma faixa de 30 m de vegetação ciliar a partir dos cursos d’água e também de áreas de reserva legal. Este estudo investiga as possíveis mudanças na diversidade, composição e abundância de espécies vegetais campestres em função da proximidade com plantações de eucalipto. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda Formosa, situada no município de São Gabriel, RS. Foram escolhidas três áreas com interface entre monocultura de eucalipto e campo e três áreas de campo sem plantio de eucalipto (controle). Um total de 120 parcelas fixas de 1 m x 1 m foi aleatorizado em transecções lineares a 5 e 30 m a partir da borda do eucalipto e do limite da APP nas áreas controle. Com auxílio de um quadro gradeado de 10 em 10 cm foi feito o levantamento da cobertura-abundância de todas as espécies vasculares presentes, além do levantamento de fatores de ambiente. No inventário foram encontradas 145 espécies vegetais campestres. A riqueza e diversidade de espécies apresentaram o mesmo padrão para as áreas com eucalipto, sendo que na monocultura a riqueza foi maior na borda e menor no interior em relação à APP adjacente, que apresentou riqueza intermediária e não diferiu entre si nas distâncias a partir da borda. Esse gradiente não é observado para áreas sem eucalipto. Em conjunto estes resultados sugerem um efeito da monocultura sobre a diversidade de espécies adjacente. A composição e abundância-cobertura de espécies variaram significativamente entre os ambientes avaliados. Fatores de ambiente como umidade relativa, compactação do solo e inclinação do terreno foram importantes na determinação da composição e abundância-cobertura de espécies nas APPs. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que apenas a manutenção de APPs com áreas de vegetação campestre não garante a manutenção da integridade biológica dos campos. / The establishment of monocultures of eucalyptus is criticized and regarded as responsible for soil degradation and significant biological changes. In Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil, the conservation of grasslands is confined to areas of permanent preservation - APP's, defined by current legislation as the riparian vegetation extending 30 m from both sides of watercourses. This study investigates the possible changes induced by eucalyptus plantations on adjacent grassland APPs. The study was conducted in Formosa ranch, located in the municipality of São Gabriel, RS. Three areas with the interface between eucalyptus plantations and grassland APPs, and three other areas without eucalyptus plantations (control areas) were chosen for the study. A total of 120 1 m2 plots were randomized along linear transects established at 5 and 30 m from the edge of the APP both to the APP itself and towards the plantation interior (in areas with plantations) or towards grasslands outside APPs (in control areas). A grid of 10 by 10 cm was used to assess the cover-abundance of all vascular species present at each plot revealing a total of 145 plant species. The richness and diversity of species showed the same trend for areas with eucalyptus: inside plantations species richness was greater in the edge, while in the adjacent APP species richness did not present a clear distance gradient. Such a distinction between APPs and areas distant from APPs was not detected in control areas. In conjunction these results suggest a possible effect of the plantation upon the species richness of adjacent APPs. The composition and coverage-abundance varied significantly among the areas studied . Environmental factors such as soil humidity and compaction, and relief slope were important in determining the composition and abundance of species in APPs. This study shows that the maintenance of APPs do not suffice to preserve the integrity of grassland vegetation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brenda Nury da Costa Nunez.pdf: 4336690 bytes, checksum: 046530796e88eee7c7743614a28a287a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The southern region of Piaui state is inserted in a region that since 90s, is considered one of the last agricultural frontiers of Brazil, this process has intensified through the implementation of large projects to the production of grains, with the flagship soybeans, export-oriented. In general, monocultures are always related to pests, because they increase the supply of food, benefiting some groups of organisms. The termites are considered a pest of major problem in urban, suburban and rural areas, but this status can only be used for a few species. They occur in tropical and temperate areas, and worldwide there are about 2.800 described species, and about 300 of them are distributed in Brazil in four families: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae and Serritermitidae. In this context, this study aimed to determine the distribution and diversity of termites in the ecotone cerrado/caatinga of the southern region of the Piaui state, Brazil, in areas of natural vegetation and areas modified by agriculture. The termites were collected actively from November, 2009 to February, 2010, throughout the transects of an area of a hectare in preserved vegetation and soybean monocultures, evaluating the architecture of epigean nests, distribution, volume, food groups, associated fauna, dominance, association with the vegetation and edaphic profile of sampled areas. In the caatting of the south of Piaui, all termites collected in the preserved vegetation area, belong to a single family (Termitidae), and 10 species were identified: Armitermes sp., Constrictotermes cyphergaster Silvestri, Inquilinitermes fur (Silvestri), Inquilinitermes microcerus (Silvestri), Labiotermes longilabius (Silvestri), Nasutitermes sp1., Nasutitemes sp2., Spinitermes sp., Syntermes wheeleri Emerson and Syntermes molestus Burmeister. C. cyphergaster (42%), Nasutitermes sp1. (30%), S. wheeleri (25%) were classified as eudominants based on the total number of nests sampled (n = 57). In the nests of S. wheeleri, it was verified the presence of five orders of arthropods (Araneae, Scorpions, Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Isoptera) associated. Nasutitermes sp1. presented nesting only in the arboreous plants: canela-de-velho (Cenostigma macrophyllum, Caesapinioideae). In the cerrado of the south of Piaui, only two termite species were found in the soybean monoculture areas: Coptotermes sp. and Cornitermes silvestrii Emerson. Coptotermes sp. was found attacking trees of Eucalyptus sp. and C. silvestrii in soybean areas. The present study demonstrates that the termite fauna in this ecotone runs risk of being reduced due to the destruction of its natural habitat after the implementation of monocultures, or of selecting more able species to become pests because of the decrease of its natural enemies and of the introduction of botanical species suitable for their establishment. Key words: Isoptera, termites, monoculture, hypoxerophytic caatinga / O sul do estado o Piau? est? inserido em uma regi?o que desde a d?cada de 1990, ? considerada uma das ?ltimas fronteiras agr?colas do Brasil, esse processo intensificou-se por meio de implementa??o de grandes projetos para a produ??o de gr?os, tendo como carro chefe a soja, voltada para a exporta??o. De um modo geral, as monoculturas est?o sempre relacionadas a pragas, pois aumentam a oferta de alimento, beneficiando alguns grupos de organismos. Os t?rmitas ou cupins s?o considerados uma das pragas de maior problema em ?reas urbanas, suburbanas e rurais, contudo este status s? pode ser empregado a poucas esp?cies. Eles ocorrem nas ?reas tropicais e temperadas, e em todo o mundo existem cerca de 2.800 esp?cies descritas, sendo destas aproximadamente 300 est?o distribu?das no Brasil em quatro fam?lias: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae e Termitidae. Dentro deste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo de determinar a distribui??o e a diversidade de t?rmitas no ec?tone cerrado/caatinga na regi?o sul do estado do Piau? em ?rea de vegeta??o natural e em ?reas modificadas pela agricultura. Foi realizada no per?odo de novembro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, a coleta ativa de cupins em transectos de ?rea de um hectare, em ?rea de vegeta??o preservada e monoculturas de soja, avaliando-se tamb?m a arquitetura dos ninhos ep?geos, distribui??o, volume, grupos alimentares, fauna associada, domin?ncia, associa??o com a vegeta??o e o perfil ed?fico das ?reas de coleta. Na caatinga do sul do Piau?, observou-se que todos os cupins coletados na ?rea de vegeta??o preservada pertenceram a uma ?nica fam?lia (Termitidae), sendo 10 esp?cies identificadas: Armitermes sp., Constrictotermes cyphergaster Silvestri, Inquilinitermes fur (Silvestri), Inquilinitermes microcerus (Silvestri), Labiotermes longilabius (Silvestri), Nasutitermes sp1., Nasutitemes sp2., Spinitermes sp., Syntermes wheeleri Emerson e Syntermes molestus Burmeister. C. cyphergaster (42%), Nasutitermes sp1. (30%) e S. wheeleri (25%) foram classificadas como eudominantes, com base no n?mero total de ninhos amostrados (n = 57). Nos ninhos de S. wheeleri, verificou-se a presen?a de cinco ordens de artr?podes (Aranae, Escorpiones, Coleoptera, Orthoptera e Isoptera) associadas. Nasutitermes sp1. apresentou nidifica??o somente em plantas arb?reas, ou seja, na canela-de-velho (Cenostigma macrophyllum, Caesapinioideae). No cerrado do sul do Piau?, apenas duas esp?cies de cupins foram encontradas ?rea de monocultura de soja: Coptotermes sp. e Cornitermes silvestrii Emerson. Coptotermes sp. foi encontrada atacando ?rvores de Eucalyptus sp. e C. silvestrii em ?rea de plantio de soja. O presente estudo demonstra que a fauna de t?rmitas neste ec?tone corre risco de ser reduzida devido ? destrui??o de seu habitat natural decorrente da implementa??o de monoculturas, ou, de selecionar esp?cies mais aptas a ser tornarem pragas diante da diminui??o de seus inimigos naturais e da introdu??o de esp?cies bot?nicas ideais para seu estabelecimento.

<p>The purpose of this paper was to look into how the individual has been portrayed in the different curriculums for Swedish compulsory school from the 60’s to the 90’s. This was done in order to see what type of discourse –monocultural- multicultural- or intercultural- the understanding of the individual has led to.</p><p>The purpose was divided into five questions: <em>Who is the individual in the curriculums? How is the individual portrayed in relation to education in the curriculums? How is the individual portrayed in relation to society in the curriculums? What type of discourse - monocultural- multicultural- or intercultural- is mirrored in the different curriculums? Is it possible to see tendencies in the discourses that lead closer to, or farther away from, an intercultural perspective? </em></p><p><em></em>The material that was analysed consists of four different curriculums: Lgr 62, Lgr 69, Lgr 80, and Lpo 94.</p><p>The method used was a discourse analytic approach based on the theory of social constructionism. The answers to the questions asked were structured with the support from definitions of monocultural discourse, multicultural discourse, and intercultural discourse, derived from Pirjo Lahdenperäs (2008) descriptions of different organizational cultures.</p><p>The main conclusion drawn from this analysis was the fact that the intercultural discourse about the individual has not been obtained. Instead, the monocultural discourse has been dominant for a long time. There have been tendencies showing a move towards a more multicultural-, or intercultural discourse in Lgr 80 and Lpo 94, but these perspectives have not been fully accomplished due to there always existing a cultural norm.</p>

The purpose of this paper was to look into how the individual has been portrayed in the different curriculums for Swedish compulsory school from the 60’s to the 90’s. This was done in order to see what type of discourse –monocultural- multicultural- or intercultural- the understanding of the individual has led to. The purpose was divided into five questions: Who is the individual in the curriculums? How is the individual portrayed in relation to education in the curriculums? How is the individual portrayed in relation to society in the curriculums? What type of discourse - monocultural- multicultural- or intercultural- is mirrored in the different curriculums? Is it possible to see tendencies in the discourses that lead closer to, or farther away from, an intercultural perspective? The material that was analysed consists of four different curriculums: Lgr 62, Lgr 69, Lgr 80, and Lpo 94. The method used was a discourse analytic approach based on the theory of social constructionism. The answers to the questions asked were structured with the support from definitions of monocultural discourse, multicultural discourse, and intercultural discourse, derived from Pirjo Lahdenperäs (2008) descriptions of different organizational cultures. The main conclusion drawn from this analysis was the fact that the intercultural discourse about the individual has not been obtained. Instead, the monocultural discourse has been dominant for a long time. There have been tendencies showing a move towards a more multicultural-, or intercultural discourse in Lgr 80 and Lpo 94, but these perspectives have not been fully accomplished due to there always existing a cultural norm.

Examensarbetets syfte är att undersöka vilka strategier lärare har för att historieundervisningen skall bli meningsfull i ett mångkulturellt klassrum. Med meningsfull i detta sammanhang menas att även andra länders historia, utöver den svenska historien, belyses i undervisningen. Ur syftet formulerades två frågeställningar, som avsåg undersöka hur historieundervisningens ser ut vad gäller val av innehåll och genomförande i ett mångkulturellt klassrum, samt hur historieundervisningen motiveras av lärare i ett mångkulturellt klassrum. För att finna dessa meningsfulla strategier har ett antal kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare som är verksamma i mångkulturella klasser genomförts. Den tidigare forskningen visar på en monokulturell historieundervisning baserad på historisk tradition, normer, styrdokument, läromedel och lärares inställning. Utgångspunkt har därför varit att lärarna försätts i en situation där undervisningen inte kan bli annat än monokulturell. Undersökningen visar på en historieplanering som främjar den svenska historien. Lärarna motiverar detta genom styrdokument, läromedel och tidsbrist. Vissa lärare har dock utvecklat olika strategier för att skapa en meningsfull historieundervisning för elever med rötter i andra länder. Jämförande anknytningar till andra länder görs genom den svenska historien och traditioner undervisningen. Modersmålsundervisningen åläggs också ett ansvar att låta respektive elever studera sitt ursprungs historia. / This essay examines the strategies teachers may develop in multicultural classrooms in order to make the historical schoolwork meaningful to the students that have their origin in foreign countries. By meaningful this essay points out a teaching in History in multicultural classes that focuses on other countries, besides the history of Sweden. In order to find meaningful strategies a number of interviews have been made with teachers that are active in multicultural classes. The result of the interviews shows that the teachers planning in History promotes the history of Sweden. They motivate this by pointing out the guideline documents, history textbooks and lack of time. But at the same time the teachers have developed strategies to make their teaching in History meaningful to the students with an origin in other countries. This, by making comparing attachments to other countries history, while teaching the history of Sweden. Other strategies, that is often used by the interviewed teachers, is to bring in different cultural traditions to compare and letting the teachers in the subject of mother tongue be responsible for the learning of their native history.

The effect of continuous monoculture of sorghum, mungbean, oats, greenpanic and luceren on the nitrogen status of a brown clay soil from Narayen, South East Queensland was studied using biological and chemical methods. the soil nitrogen status was estimated by using indices of nitrogen availability i.e. waterlogged incubation method as the biological method and 2 M KCL, phosphate-borate buffer and 0.01 M CaCl_2 as rapid chemical methods. Total soil nitrogen and organic carbon were also included as estimates of soil nitrogen status. The results obtained by the waterlogged (WL) method were used to evaluate the results obtained by the three rapid chemical methods. The results show that of the three rapid chemical methods 2 M KCL was the most closely correlated with the waterlogged incubation method. Total N and organic C were also highly correlated with the WL method and they may have value as indices of nitrogen availability. The available N, total N and organic C contents in the 0-5 cm and 5-15cm layer soils were consistently higher under greenpanic and lucerne than for the annual crop treatments. The available N contents as determined by the WL method in the 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm soil layers under greenpanic and lucerne ranged from 75.6 to 126.5 ug N/g soil and 53.2 to 106.7 ug N/g soil, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 13.2 to 75.3 ug N/g soil and 25.6 to 66.1 ug N/g soil, respectively. The total N contents in the 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm layer soils under the greenpanic and lucerne ranged from 0.29 to 0.38 % and 0.20 to 0.33 %, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 0.17 to 0.31 % and 0.17 to 0.25 %, respectively. The availability of the total N as indicated by the available N as a percentage of the total N in the 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm layer soils under the greenpanic and lucerne ranged from 2.6 to 4.0 % and 2.1 to 3.2 %, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 0.8 to 3.8 % and 1.5 to 2.4 %, respectively. In addition the organic C contents in the 0.5 cm and 5-15 cm layer soils under the greenpanic and lucerne range from 2.4 to 4.0 % and 2.0 to 3.5 %, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 1.4 to 3.3 % and 1.7 to 2.7 %, respectively.

The effect of continuous monoculture of sorghum, mungbean, oats, greenpanic and luceren on the nitrogen status of a brown clay soil from Narayen, South East Queensland was studied using biological and chemical methods. the soil nitrogen status was estimated by using indices of nitrogen availability i.e. waterlogged incubation method as the biological method and 2 M KCL, phosphate-borate buffer and 0.01 M CaCl_2 as rapid chemical methods. Total soil nitrogen and organic carbon were also included as estimates of soil nitrogen status. The results obtained by the waterlogged (WL) method were used to evaluate the results obtained by the three rapid chemical methods. The results show that of the three rapid chemical methods 2 M KCL was the most closely correlated with the waterlogged incubation method. Total N and organic C were also highly correlated with the WL method and they may have value as indices of nitrogen availability. The available N, total N and organic C contents in the 0-5 cm and 5-15cm layer soils were consistently higher under greenpanic and lucerne than for the annual crop treatments. The available N contents as determined by the WL method in the 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm soil layers under greenpanic and lucerne ranged from 75.6 to 126.5 ug N/g soil and 53.2 to 106.7 ug N/g soil, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 13.2 to 75.3 ug N/g soil and 25.6 to 66.1 ug N/g soil, respectively. The total N contents in the 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm layer soils under the greenpanic and lucerne ranged from 0.29 to 0.38 % and 0.20 to 0.33 %, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 0.17 to 0.31 % and 0.17 to 0.25 %, respectively. The availability of the total N as indicated by the available N as a percentage of the total N in the 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm layer soils under the greenpanic and lucerne ranged from 2.6 to 4.0 % and 2.1 to 3.2 %, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 0.8 to 3.8 % and 1.5 to 2.4 %, respectively. In addition the organic C contents in the 0.5 cm and 5-15 cm layer soils under the greenpanic and lucerne range from 2.4 to 4.0 % and 2.0 to 3.5 %, respectively, whereas the values under the annual crop treatments ranged from 1.4 to 3.3 % and 1.7 to 2.7 %, respectively.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.