Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_cp_dr_ilha.pdf: 1093231 bytes, checksum: 21051df3ebea63b4b3fccb02153dfea3 (MD5) / Grande parte das áreas de produção do Brasil esta inserida no bioma Cerrado, onde se cultiva principalmente soja, milho, arroz e algodão. Este número limitado de espécies é cultivado utilizando sistema convencional de preparo do solo, com intenso uso de arados e grades. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho como o objetivo de avaliar em dois sistemas de manejo do solo (convencional e sistema de plantio direto) a viabilidade da rotação de culturas no verão (milho e soja) e utilização de culturas de cobertura na primavera para produção de palha e ciclagem de nutrientes, em região característica de clima e solo de cerrado. Por se tratar de um experimento de longa duração, optou-se por avaliar e analisar os dados obtidos na cultura da soja e milho na safra de 2005/06. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em parcela subdividida em faixa. Existem duas áreas (terraços) onde estão alocados os sistemas de preparo do solo (convencional com arações e/ou gradagens pesadas + gradagens leves e sistema plantio direto). Dentro de cada terraço existem faixas com monocultivo de soja ou milho e faixas com soja rotacionada com milho e vice-versa. Em cada sistema de preparo e de cultivo, há presença de culturas de cobertura, com semeadura na primavera (crotalária, milheto, milheto + crotalária (2:1), crotalária + milheto (2:1)) e uma parcela foi mantida em pousio com presença de plantas daninhas. A soja e o milho foram semeados em dezembro de 2005, sendo utilizado a mesma adubação de semeadura para ambas culturas e a variedade BRS 133 de soja e o híbrido AG 20A20 de milho. O espaçamento utilizado foi de 0,45 e 0,90 m, respectivamente para a soja e milho. As avaliações constaram da produção de massa seca pelas culturas de cobertura e plantas daninhas na área em pousio, bem como o teor de macronutrientes presentes nesta, estado nutricional das plantas de milho... / Most of the Brazilian production areas are inserted in the biome Cerrado, where soybean corn, rice and cotton are mainly cultivated. This limited number of species is cultivated under conventional tillage system, with intensive use of disk plow and harrow. The objective of this work was to evaluate, in two systems of soil management (conventional and no-tillage), the viability of crop rotation of summer crops (corn and soybean) and use of spring cover crops for straw production and nutrient cycling in area covered by Cerrado vegetation. This work has been carried out for ten years at experimental area of FE/UNESP –Ilha Solteira campus, located in the county of Selviria , Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (20º22´S, 251º22´W and 335 m of altitude, approximately). Considering a long-term experiment, the evaluations were based on data obtained from soybean and corn 2005/06 crop season. The experimental design used was a split plot strip. The soil tillage systems (conventional with plowing and/or disk harrow + leveling harrow and no-tillage) were located into two areas (terraces). Inside each terrace there are strips with soybean or corn monoculture and strips with crop rotation with soybean an corn and vice-versa. In each tillage system there are spring cover crops (sunn hemp, millet, millet + sunn hemp (2:1), sunn hemp + millet (2:1) and fallow area with weeds. Soybean and maize were sown on 2005 December. The same fertilization were used for both crops. The soybean cultivar used was BRS 133 and the corn hybrid used was AG 20A20. The row spacing used was 0.45 cm and 0.90 cm for soybean and corn, respectively. The evaluation were done based on cover crops dry mass production and weed dry mass in fallow area, as well as their macronutrients level, nutritional condition of corn and soybean plants at full flowering, agronomic characteristics, yield and straw return due to soybean and corn... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-24T14:54:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gicela Rene Rodrigues da Silva Matias.pdf: 530411 bytes, checksum: 8e5c55434b2e5d5683b1d02ec02d9887 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-24T14:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gicela Rene Rodrigues da Silva Matias.pdf: 530411 bytes, checksum: 8e5c55434b2e5d5683b1d02ec02d9887 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In Brazil, the beans Phaseolus vulgaris (Linnaeus) and cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz) are grown in monoculture or intercrop systems. Despite the advantages that the intercrop offers as: the intensive uses of the area, protection against soil erosion, reduction in pest attack, studies have shown the impact of inadequate management on the biodiversity in agroecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of planting system adopted in the arid zone meridional of Pernambuco, on the canopy arthropod community associated with common bean and cassava. The research was conducted in commercial fields in the region in three treatments: 1) bean monoculture, 2) consortium bean-cassava, 3) cassava monoculture. Were delimited four plots of 15 x 15m, for sampling by direct observation of insects in the canopy five plants per plot, twice weekly from May to July 2009. The species that best explained the variance observed weresubjected to Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and Repeated Measurements. The analysis showed differences between treatments on the composition and frequency of species. The species that contributed most to the difference between the treatments were: Urbanus proteus (L.), Aphididae sp6, Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore), Aphididae sp1, Diabrotica speciosa(Germar), Aphididae sp2, Staphylinidae sp2, Lampyridae sp1, Pieridae sp1 and Thripidae sp1. The interactions between treatments and time were significant for eight of the 15 species analyzed. The herbivores were predominant in all treatments. The greater number of herbivores in the consortium may have been favored by management and by climatic factors. It can be concluded that the terms of the Arid Zone Meridional of Pernambuco, the intercropping system (Bean with cassava) favored the increased pressure of herbivory in the agroecosystem. / No Brasil o feijão Phaseolus vulgaris (Linnaeus) e a mandioca Manihot esculenta (Crantz) são cultivados em sistemas de monocultivo ou em consórcio. Apesar das vantagens que o consórcio oferece como: o uso intensivo da área, proteção do solo contra erosão, redução no ataque de pragas, estudos têm demonstrado impacto de manejos inadequados sobre a biodiversidade no agroecossistema. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do sistema de plantio adotado no Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco, sobre a comunidade de artrópodes do dossel associados às culturas do feijão e mandioca. A pesquisa foi conduzida em lavouras comerciais da região em três tratamentos: 1) monocultivo do feijão; 2) consorcio feijão-mandioca; 3) monocultivo da mandioca. Foram delimitadas quatro parcelas de 15 x 15m, para a amostragempor observação direta dos insetos do dossel em cinco plantas por parcela, duas vezes por semana nos meses de maio a julho 2009. As espécies que melhor explicaram a variância observada foram submetidas à Análise de Variáveis Canônicas (CVA) e Medida Repetida. As análises mostraram diferenças entre os tratamentos quanto à composição e a freqüência das espécies. As espécies que mais contribuíram para a divergência entre os tratamentos foram: Urbanus proteus (L.),Aphididae sp6, Empoasca kraemeri (Ross & Moore), Aphididae sp1, Diabrotica speciosa (Germar), Aphididae sp2, Staphylinidae sp2, Lampyridae sp1, Pieridae sp1 e Thripidae sp1. As interações entre os tratamentos e tempo foram significativas para oito das 15 espécies analisadas. Os insetos herbívoros foram predominantes em todos os tratamentos. A maior presença de herbívoros no consórcio pode ter sido favorecida pelo manejo e por fatores climáticos. Pode-se concluir que nas condições do Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco, o sistema de cultivo consorciado, envolvendo o feijão e a mandioca, favoreceu o aumento da pressão de herbivoria no agroecossistema.

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Orientador: Edson Lazarini / Banca: Marco Eustaquio de Sa / Banca: Luis Malcolm Mano de Mello / Banca: Júlio Cesar Salton / Banca: Fernando Mendes Lamas / Resumo: Grande parte das áreas de produção do Brasil esta inserida no bioma Cerrado, onde se cultiva principalmente soja, milho, arroz e algodão. Este número limitado de espécies é cultivado utilizando sistema convencional de preparo do solo, com intenso uso de arados e grades. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho como o objetivo de avaliar em dois sistemas de manejo do solo (convencional e sistema de plantio direto) a viabilidade da rotação de culturas no verão (milho e soja) e utilização de culturas de cobertura na primavera para produção de palha e ciclagem de nutrientes, em região característica de clima e solo de cerrado. Por se tratar de um experimento de longa duração, optou-se por avaliar e analisar os dados obtidos na cultura da soja e milho na safra de 2005/06. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em parcela subdividida em faixa. Existem duas áreas (terraços) onde estão alocados os sistemas de preparo do solo (convencional com arações e/ou gradagens pesadas + gradagens leves e sistema plantio direto). Dentro de cada terraço existem faixas com monocultivo de soja ou milho e faixas com soja rotacionada com milho e vice-versa. Em cada sistema de preparo e de cultivo, há presença de culturas de cobertura, com semeadura na primavera (crotalária, milheto, milheto + crotalária (2:1), crotalária + milheto (2:1)) e uma parcela foi mantida em pousio com presença de plantas daninhas. A soja e o milho foram semeados em dezembro de 2005, sendo utilizado a mesma adubação de semeadura para ambas culturas e a variedade BRS 133 de soja e o híbrido AG 20A20 de milho. O espaçamento utilizado foi de 0,45 e 0,90 m, respectivamente para a soja e milho. As avaliações constaram da produção de massa seca pelas culturas de cobertura e plantas daninhas na área em pousio, bem como o teor de macronutrientes presentes nesta, estado nutricional das plantas de milho... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Most of the Brazilian production areas are inserted in the biome Cerrado, where soybean corn, rice and cotton are mainly cultivated. This limited number of species is cultivated under conventional tillage system, with intensive use of disk plow and harrow. The objective of this work was to evaluate, in two systems of soil management (conventional and no-tillage), the viability of crop rotation of summer crops (corn and soybean) and use of spring cover crops for straw production and nutrient cycling in area covered by Cerrado vegetation. This work has been carried out for ten years at experimental area of FE/UNESP -Ilha Solteira campus, located in the county of Selviria , Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (20º22'S, 251º22'W and 335 m of altitude, approximately). Considering a long-term experiment, the evaluations were based on data obtained from soybean and corn 2005/06 crop season. The experimental design used was a split plot strip. The soil tillage systems (conventional with plowing and/or disk harrow + leveling harrow and no-tillage) were located into two areas (terraces). Inside each terrace there are strips with soybean or corn monoculture and strips with crop rotation with soybean an corn and vice-versa. In each tillage system there are spring cover crops (sunn hemp, millet, millet + sunn hemp (2:1), sunn hemp + millet (2:1) and fallow area with weeds. Soybean and maize were sown on 2005 December. The same fertilization were used for both crops. The soybean cultivar used was BRS 133 and the corn hybrid used was AG 20A20. The row spacing used was 0.45 cm and 0.90 cm for soybean and corn, respectively. The evaluation were done based on cover crops dry mass production and weed dry mass in fallow area, as well as their macronutrients level, nutritional condition of corn and soybean plants at full flowering, agronomic characteristics, yield and straw return due to soybean and corn... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Ce travail de recherche propose d'explorer le paradoxe du soutien massif à la filière « canne-sucre » réunionnaise dans un contexte qui lui apparaît aujourd'hui défavorable, au regard de deux tendances principales :<br />- au niveau mondial, l'évolution actuelle des règles du commerce international relatives au secteur sucrier compromet la pérennité du dispositif actuel d'appui à la filière ;<br />- au niveau régional, les dynamiques spatiales révèlent des stratégies sociales contraires à la protection d'une sole cannière de 30 000 ha et à la promotion d'une agriculture productiviste. <br />Face à ce type de questionnement, le point de vue du géographe est de considérer en premier lieu que ce qui se passe sur le territoire exprime la stratégie des acteurs. C'est en s'appuyant sur ce postulat que la démarche propose une relecture des dynamiques spatiales régionales et leur signification en termes de stratégies d'actants à différents niveaux d'organisation. En faisant appel à la télédétection, à l'analyse spatiale, à la modélisation, aux enquêtes et aux typologies, la démarche montre que les dynamiques spatiales constituent une clé de lecture pertinente des évolutions et des aspirations de la société réunionnaise. Celle-ci exprime aujourd'hui des stratégies et des pratiques déconnectées du projet sucre, légitimant et soulignant la pertinence d'une réinterrogation des axes de développement agricoles actuellement privilégiés.

In the context of world globalization, Sweden has today become a multicultural society, where many different cultures, religions, values and approaches are trying to co-exist. When the Swedish government's integration policy was put into effect, one sought to open the way for a more peaceful coexistence between majority and minority people. The intention was that everyone, through mutual interaction, would learn to come together and learn to respect each other's differences. It was suggested that an intercultural approach should permeate all education, including preschool activity. There are particular guidelines for a culture and tradition promotion work within the preschool in the new revised curriculum (Lpfö 98, rev. 2010), These guidelines are intended for preschool teachers, where the intention is to strengthen each child’s traditional and cultural identity (Skolverket 2010).The purpose of this study is that from an intercultural perspective examine preschool teachers’ thoughts, views and notions around a cultural promotion work within the multicultural preschool. Six preschool teachers were interviewed from two multicultural preschools. The questions have been based on preschool teachers' thoughts, views and notions around a culture and tradition of promotion work in the meeting with children within multicultural preschools. The results show that some preschool teachers, whether consciously or unconsciously, relate themselves ethnocentric to a culture and tradition promotion work. The multicultural work is primarily related to a language promotion work. Intentions exist but seem to be too weak for an intercultural approach and the reason seems to be, among other things, the monocultural norm and approaches in stronghold within the preschool, the lack of knowledge of other cultures and unclear guidelines in the governing documents of work approach.

This study is about the work around festivals and traditions that takes place in multicultural preschools. The purpose of this study is to describe and reflect upon the work around festivals and traditions in multicultural preschools from the view of five preschool teachers who are active in their profession.  The purpose is also to investigate which festivals and traditions that are given attention at preschool and for what reason according to the preschool teachers. The method of research chosen in this study is qualitative in the form of individual interviews with the intention of obtaining and interpreting the descriptions and reflections of the informants around the subject. The results will be analyzed from an intercultural perspective. The results show that all investigated preschools celebrate the traditional Swedish festivals Christmas, St. Lucia’s day, Easter and Midsummer, and that these festivals take up lots of space in terms of time and labor. At some of the preschools attention was also given to other festivals from different faiths and cultures out of diversity and a more globalized perspective. The results also revealed that all of the preschool teachers were positive to giving attention to festivals from other faiths and cultures. It was considered to bring an increased understanding and respect for differences between people. It appeared that an operation with increased cultural features would result in the confrontation of some difficulties.