Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This study investigates the effects of reversing sleep-wake cycles on mood, sleep, and fatigue of the crewmembers and Air Wing 9 of the USS JOHN C. STENNIS (CVN-74). It also reviews the research conducted in sleep deprivation, circadian rhythms, shiftwork, fatigue, and mood. The effects of reversing sleep-wake cycle on mood of the crewmembers were analyzed by assessing a repeated administration of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Mood states were monitored at three time points associated with the current work schedule (night shift vs. day shift) of the crewmembers. The results showed that younger participants were angrier than older participants on night shiftwork. The results also indicated that there was a significant interaction between repeated measures of mood states and gender. In addition, female participants reported significantly higher mood scale scores than the male participants, and topside participants were getting significantly less sleep than belowdecks participants. Given these findings, this area of research warrants further exploration. There is a significant need to educate military personnel of the effects of sleep deprivation and shiftwork on their job performance and individual health and safety. / Ensign, United States Navy

O objetivo deste trabalho é ampliar o conhecimento translinguístico sobre a categoria modo estudando-a em uma língua indígena brasileira. A motivação deste estudo se dá principalmente porque pouco se sabe a respeito dessa categoria em línguas não pertencentes ao tronco indo-europeu (Palmer, 2001). O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é a língua Karitiana (família Tupi, subfamília Arikém) e o corpus analisado é formado por dados provenientes dos mitos e narrativas dessa língua e de dados coletados pelo autor da pesquisa com falantes nativos. A metodologia de coleta de dados foi a elicitação contextualizada defendida por Matthewson (2004) e Mendes (2014). Modo em Karitiana foi primeiramente analisado por Storto (2002). A autora afirma que a língua possui um sistema de modo bastante desenvolvido, porém, ainda pouco compreendido. Para ela, essa língua possui seis morfemas de modo: na(ka)-/ta(ka)- (declarativo), pyt- (assertivo), pyn- (deôntico), iri- (citativo), jy- (condicional) e a/-/-y (imperativo). Esses morfemas ocorrem entre o morfema de pessoa e a raiz verbal como observado em yn a-taka-hit-ø kat (glosa: eu 2p-dec-dar-nfut isso, tradução: eu te dei isso (Storto, 1999)). Nessa primeira análise, Storto (com. pess.) classifica esses morfemas como modo porque, segundo ela, eles marcam diferentes tipos de sentença na língua. A semântica e a pragmática formal foram utilizadas como embasamento teórico da pesquisa. Alguns trabalhos assumem que modo é um morfema que marca modalidade (Bybee, 1985; Palmer, 1986). Para a semântica formal modalidade é uma categoria do significado que está relacionada à expressão de necessidades e possibilidades (Kratzer, 1981; von Fintel, 2006; Hacquard, 2011). Outros trabalhos consideram que modo é um morfema que marca tipos de sentença. Na pragmática tipos sentenciais estão relacionados à força ilocucionária da sentença (Saeed, 2009; Portner, 2011). Seguindo a terminologia de Portner (2011), esta dissertação se refere aos morfemas de modo que estiverem relacionados à expressão de modalidade como modo verbal e os morfemas de modo que estiverem relacionados ao tipo sentencial são chamados modos sentenciais. A análise dos morfemas do Karitiana classificados como modo mostrou que essa língua possui dois lugares na estrutura morfossintática do verbo para marcar a categoria \'modo\' e não apenas um como assumido anteriormente como ilustrado por a-ta-jy-hit-ø celula-ty (glosa: 2p-dec-con-dar-nfut celular-obl tradução: eu te daria um celular). Esta pesquisa assume que cada posição marca um tipo específico de modo: os morfemas que ocorrem na primeira posição (e.g. na(ka)-/ta(ka)-) marcam tipos sentenciais, ou seja, são modos sentenciais e os morfemas que ocorrem na segunda posição (e.g. pyn- e jy-) marcam modalidade, ou seja, são modos verbais. Modos verbais e modos sentenciais podem coocorrer o que é uma evidência da existência de duas posições. O estudo da categoria modo em Karitiana possibilitou um melhor entendimento dessa categoria translinguisticamente. Segundo Sadock & Zwicky (1985) morfemas de modo não coocorrem e esta dissertação mostra que eles podem ocorrer se não estiverem ambos relacionados a força ilocucionária ou modalidade. / This research aims to increase the crosslinguistic knowledge about the categories mood within a study in a Brazilian indigenous language. The reason for this study is that there are not many reliable studies of this category in unfamiliar languages (Palmer, 2001). The object of study of this research is Karitiana language (Tupi family, Arikém subfamily) and the corpus analyzed here is composed by data from the miths and stories of this language as well as data collected by the author of the research from native speakers. We used contextualized data elicitation proposed by Matthewson (2004) and Mendes (2014). Mood in Karitiana was firstly analyzed by Storto (2002) who states that this language has a quite developed mood system that is at the same time not well understood. For her, this language has six mood morphemes: na(ka)-/ta(ka)- (declarative), pyt- (assertive), pyn- (deontic), iri- (citative), jy- (conditional) and a/-/-y (imperative). These morphemes occurs between the person morpheme and the verbal root as can be seen in yn a-taka-hit-ø kat (gloss: I 2p-dec-give-nfut that, translation: I gave you that (Storto, 1999)). In this first analysis, Storto (p.c.) assumes that those morphemes mark different types of sentence, being sentential mood morphemes. We used formal semantics and pragmatics as the theoretical background for the research. Some studies assume that mood is a morpheme which marks modality (Bybee, 1985; Palmer, 1986). In formal semantics modality is a category related to the expressions of possibilities and necessities (Kratzer, 1981; von Fintel, 2006; Hacquard, 2011). Other studies consider that mood is a morpheme which marks sentential types. In pragmatics the types of sentences are related to the illocutionary force of the sentence (Saeed, 2009; Portner, 2011). We follow the terminology used by Portner (2011) and call mood morphemes related to modality verbal mood and morphemes related to sentential type are called sentential mood. The analysis of the morphemes in Karitiana classified as mood has shown that this language has two positions in the morphosyntactical structure of the verb to the mood category and not only one as previously proposed. This can be seen in a-ta-jy-hit-ø celula-ty (gloss: 2p-dec-con-give-nfut cellphone-obl translation: I would give you a cellphone). This research proposes that each position mark a specific type of mood: Morphemes of the first position (e.g. na(ka)-/ta(ka)-) mark types of sentence, therefore, they are sentential moods and morphemes that occur in the second position (e.g. pyn- e jy-) mark modality, therefore, they are verbal moods. Verbal and sentential moods can co-occur what is an evidence for the existence of two positions. The study of mood done by this research allowed a better understanding of mood category crosslinguistically. For Sadock&Zwicky (1985), mood morphemes should not co-occur and this research has shown that they can co-occur if they are not both related to illocutionary force or modality.

O objetivo deste trabalho é ampliar o conhecimento translinguístico sobre a categoria modo estudando-a em uma língua indígena brasileira. A motivação deste estudo se dá principalmente porque pouco se sabe a respeito dessa categoria em línguas não pertencentes ao tronco indo-europeu (Palmer, 2001). O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é a língua Karitiana (família Tupi, subfamília Arikém) e o corpus analisado é formado por dados provenientes dos mitos e narrativas dessa língua e de dados coletados pelo autor da pesquisa com falantes nativos. A metodologia de coleta de dados foi a elicitação contextualizada defendida por Matthewson (2004) e Mendes (2014). Modo em Karitiana foi primeiramente analisado por Storto (2002). A autora afirma que a língua possui um sistema de modo bastante desenvolvido, porém, ainda pouco compreendido. Para ela, essa língua possui seis morfemas de modo: na(ka)-/ta(ka)- (declarativo), pyt- (assertivo), pyn- (deôntico), iri- (citativo), jy- (condicional) e a/-/-y (imperativo). Esses morfemas ocorrem entre o morfema de pessoa e a raiz verbal como observado em yn a-taka-hit-ø kat (glosa: eu 2p-dec-dar-nfut isso, tradução: eu te dei isso (Storto, 1999)). Nessa primeira análise, Storto (com. pess.) classifica esses morfemas como modo porque, segundo ela, eles marcam diferentes tipos de sentença na língua. A semântica e a pragmática formal foram utilizadas como embasamento teórico da pesquisa. Alguns trabalhos assumem que modo é um morfema que marca modalidade (Bybee, 1985; Palmer, 1986). Para a semântica formal modalidade é uma categoria do significado que está relacionada à expressão de necessidades e possibilidades (Kratzer, 1981; von Fintel, 2006; Hacquard, 2011). Outros trabalhos consideram que modo é um morfema que marca tipos de sentença. Na pragmática tipos sentenciais estão relacionados à força ilocucionária da sentença (Saeed, 2009; Portner, 2011). Seguindo a terminologia de Portner (2011), esta dissertação se refere aos morfemas de modo que estiverem relacionados à expressão de modalidade como modo verbal e os morfemas de modo que estiverem relacionados ao tipo sentencial são chamados modos sentenciais. A análise dos morfemas do Karitiana classificados como modo mostrou que essa língua possui dois lugares na estrutura morfossintática do verbo para marcar a categoria \'modo\' e não apenas um como assumido anteriormente como ilustrado por a-ta-jy-hit-ø celula-ty (glosa: 2p-dec-con-dar-nfut celular-obl tradução: eu te daria um celular). Esta pesquisa assume que cada posição marca um tipo específico de modo: os morfemas que ocorrem na primeira posição (e.g. na(ka)-/ta(ka)-) marcam tipos sentenciais, ou seja, são modos sentenciais e os morfemas que ocorrem na segunda posição (e.g. pyn- e jy-) marcam modalidade, ou seja, são modos verbais. Modos verbais e modos sentenciais podem coocorrer o que é uma evidência da existência de duas posições. O estudo da categoria modo em Karitiana possibilitou um melhor entendimento dessa categoria translinguisticamente. Segundo Sadock & Zwicky (1985) morfemas de modo não coocorrem e esta dissertação mostra que eles podem ocorrer se não estiverem ambos relacionados a força ilocucionária ou modalidade. / This research aims to increase the crosslinguistic knowledge about the categories mood within a study in a Brazilian indigenous language. The reason for this study is that there are not many reliable studies of this category in unfamiliar languages (Palmer, 2001). The object of study of this research is Karitiana language (Tupi family, Arikém subfamily) and the corpus analyzed here is composed by data from the miths and stories of this language as well as data collected by the author of the research from native speakers. We used contextualized data elicitation proposed by Matthewson (2004) and Mendes (2014). Mood in Karitiana was firstly analyzed by Storto (2002) who states that this language has a quite developed mood system that is at the same time not well understood. For her, this language has six mood morphemes: na(ka)-/ta(ka)- (declarative), pyt- (assertive), pyn- (deontic), iri- (citative), jy- (conditional) and a/-/-y (imperative). These morphemes occurs between the person morpheme and the verbal root as can be seen in yn a-taka-hit-ø kat (gloss: I 2p-dec-give-nfut that, translation: I gave you that (Storto, 1999)). In this first analysis, Storto (p.c.) assumes that those morphemes mark different types of sentence, being sentential mood morphemes. We used formal semantics and pragmatics as the theoretical background for the research. Some studies assume that mood is a morpheme which marks modality (Bybee, 1985; Palmer, 1986). In formal semantics modality is a category related to the expressions of possibilities and necessities (Kratzer, 1981; von Fintel, 2006; Hacquard, 2011). Other studies consider that mood is a morpheme which marks sentential types. In pragmatics the types of sentences are related to the illocutionary force of the sentence (Saeed, 2009; Portner, 2011). We follow the terminology used by Portner (2011) and call mood morphemes related to modality verbal mood and morphemes related to sentential type are called sentential mood. The analysis of the morphemes in Karitiana classified as mood has shown that this language has two positions in the morphosyntactical structure of the verb to the mood category and not only one as previously proposed. This can be seen in a-ta-jy-hit-ø celula-ty (gloss: 2p-dec-con-give-nfut cellphone-obl translation: I would give you a cellphone). This research proposes that each position mark a specific type of mood: Morphemes of the first position (e.g. na(ka)-/ta(ka)-) mark types of sentence, therefore, they are sentential moods and morphemes that occur in the second position (e.g. pyn- e jy-) mark modality, therefore, they are verbal moods. Verbal and sentential moods can co-occur what is an evidence for the existence of two positions. The study of mood done by this research allowed a better understanding of mood category crosslinguistically. For Sadock&Zwicky (1985), mood morphemes should not co-occur and this research has shown that they can co-occur if they are not both related to illocutionary force or modality.

Although age-related differences in the correspondence bias are often attributed to cognitive decline, the present study found that age-related differences in the correspondence bias were differentially influenced by the participants mood states. Young and older participants completed an attitude-attribution task after having been induced to experience a positive, neutral, or negative mood. Whereas older adults demonstrated the correspondence bias more strongly in the negative mood condition relative to the positive mood condition, young adults exhibited the exact opposite pattern of results. Interestingly, the positive mood manipulation led older adults to be no more dispositionally biased than their younger counterparts. Further, mood and age-related differences in attributional confidence were not eliminated after controlling for individual differences in cognitive functioning.

The objective of this thesis was to determine the association between exposure to parental BD during childhood and risk of mood disorder. Offspring of one parent with BD completed annual clinical assessments as part of a 16-year prospective cohort study. Clinical data in the parents from Ottawa and Halifax were mapped onto the first decade of their offspring’s life to estimate the timing, duration and severity of exposure to their illness. The duration of parental BD was associated with a 2 to 2.5 fold increased risk of any psychopathology (HR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.0-4.0), and unipolar depression (HR: 2.6, 95%CI: 0.9-7.5), and a 7 fold increased risk of substance use disorders (HR: 7.1, 95%CI: 1.8-37.0). A longer duration of exposure to parental BD may be an important indicator of mood and non-mood psychopathology risk in offspring. This has implications for early intervention and preventive efforts in high-risk youth.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

This study was conducted to examine the sequelae of cardiovascular conditioning on locus of control, short-term mood, and psychological well-being. A pre-post test design, with control group, was used to measure the effects of a one month program of aerobic conditioning on adult volunteers. This study also sought to examine ways in which fitness changes covaried with psychological changes, and to describe patterns of change taking place during aerobic conditioning.

Videogames have been historically known for causing negative mood states in players, but there is still more research to be done about the potential for videogames to alleviate these induced negative mood states. Using an online repeated measures survey design, participants were asked to play a game with an impossible difficulty curve unbeknownst to them. They were then instructed to play one of three casual videogames (CVGs). It was hypothesized that increased levels of competency and autonomy would lead to a decrease in participants’ negative mood state as per Self-Determination Theory. In addition, the act of playing CVGs was also predicted to decrease participants’ negative mood state as per Mood Management Theory. To test for this, participants were asked questions regarding their feelings of competency, autonomy, and overall mood state throughout the experiment. Support was not found for competency and autonomy helping alleviate negative mood states, but support was found for CVGs and their healing potential towards negative mood states. The implications of these results as well as the potential for future research is discussed.