Abstract The purposes of the present research were to compare the outcome after Achilles tendon rupture repair in two postoperative regimens, to compare Achilles tendon elongation in two postoperative treatment methods, to compare the effects of two postoperative methods on motor performance aspects such as simple reaction time, choice reaction time, speed of movement, foot tapping speed and coordination, to test the mechanical properties of the recently developed poly-L/D-lactide (PLDLA) sutures and Maxon® sutures when implanted in the Achilles tendons of rabbits, and to study the histological tissue reactions and biodegradation of these sutures under the same conditions. Isokinetic calf muscle strength scores at the last control check-up were excellent in 56% of the patients in the early motion group, good in 32%, fair in 8%, and poor in 4%, whereas the scores in the cast group were excellent in 29% of cases, good in 50% and fair in 21%. The ankle performance scores were excellent or good in 88% of the patients in the early motion group, fair in 4% and poor in 8%, whereas the scores in the cast group were excellent or good in 92% of cases and fair in 8%. No significant differences were seen between the two groups at 3 months and at the last control checkups with regard to pain, stiffness, subjective calf muscle weakness, footwear restrictions, range of ankle motion, isokinetic calf muscle strength or overall outcome. The complications included 1 re-rupture in the early motion group and 1 deep infection and 2 re-ruptures in the cast group. AT elongation occurred in both groups, but was somewhat less marked in the early motion group. The AT elongation curves rose at first and then fell slowly in both groups. The patients who had less AT elongation achieved a better clinical outcome. AT elongation did not correlate significantly with age, body mass index or isokinetic peak torques. The recovery of motor performance functions such as simple reaction time, choice reaction time, speed of movement, foot tapping speed and coordination did not depend on the two postoperative regimens. The motor functions of the operated leg had obviously recovered to the level of the non-operated leg 12 weeks after the operation. Sutures made of PLDLA were used successfully for Achilles tendon repair in rabbits. There was no significant difference between the in vitro and in vivo tensile strength retention of the sutures. By comparison with Maxon®, PLDLA was found to have a lower initial tensile strength but more prolonged strength retention. The breaking strength values of the Achilles tendons repaired with sutures of these types were not significantly different at 6 weeks. Intratendinous PLDLA sutures formed a thinner fibrous capsule during the 12-week follow-up period than did Maxon® sutures of the same diameter. The suture materials had not been totally absorbed by 12 weeks.

O ser humano, durante a postura ortostática, apresenta oscilações posturais aleatórias em relação à vertical que são controladas pelo sistema nervoso central com base em informações sensoriais provenientes dos sistemas visual, vestibular e somatossensorial. Mecanoreceptores e fusos neuromusculares localizados na coluna cervical transmitem informações aferentes tanto para o sistema vestibular quanto para o sistema proprioceptivo, contribuindo significativamente para controle postural. Vários autores têm proposto intervenções baseadas em terapia manual, sugerindo que manobras de manipulação da coluna vertebral podem ser benéficas para o tratamento da tontura e vertigem de origem cervical. No entanto, a maioria desses estudos tem focado em sintomas gerais como medidas clínicas de dor, severidade do acometimento, ocorrência de episódios agudos, etc. Portanto, fica clara a necessidade de um estudo acerca dos efeitos de uma manobra de manipulação vertebral, em nível cervical, sobre o controle postural de sujeitos saudáveis. A hipótese do presente estudo foi que uma liberação das estruturas cervicais (causada pela manobra de manipulação) geraria uma melhora no influxo de informações sensoriais, e, consequentemente, uma melhora no sistema de controle postural. Sete sujeitos foram instruídos a permanecer, durante 60 segundos, sobre uma plataforma de força, o mais quietos possível, em apoio unipodal, proporcionando assim medidas extraídas do sinal da trajetória do centro de pressão, do centro de massa e variações na posição angular das articulações do tornozelo, joelho e quadril. Cada sujeito participou de duas sessões experimentais, sendo que em uma delas realizou testes de equilíbrio antes e depois da manobra de manipulação cervical (sessão experimental, EXP) e no outro dia realizou os mesmos testes de equilíbrio antes e depois de uma intervenção placebo (sessão controle, CTRL). Os resultados sugerem um efeito agudo da manobra de manipulação cervical, já que foi observada redução das oscilações posturais durante as primeiras tentativas realizadas após a intervenção. Nas sessões CTRL, o mesmo efeito não foi observado, pois o sistema de controle postural se mostrou estável durante todo o experimento / Human subjects during upright stance show a random postural sway with respect to vertical, which is controlled by the central nervous system on the basis of information from sensory inputs applied to the visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems. Mechanoreceptors and muscle spindles in the cervical spine provide afferent information for both the vestibular and the proprioceptive systems, thereby contributing to postural control. Several authors have proposed interventions based on manual therapy, suggesting that manipulation of the spine can be beneficial for treating dizziness and vertigo of cervical origin. However, few studies have investigated the effect of the spinal manipulation on postural control, as most have focused on more general symptoms such as clinical measures of pain, severity and occurrence of acute episodes, etc. Given the importance of the structures of the neck for controlling upright stance, there is a clear need for a study on the effects of cervical spinal manipulation on postural control of healthy subjects. The hypothesis of this work was that a release of the cervical structures (caused by cervical manipulation) would enhance the influx of sensory information, thereby improving postural control. Seven subjects were asked to remain for 60 seconds on a force platform, as quiet as possible, on single-leg stance. Measurements associated with the center of pressure and center of mass trajectories were assessed, as well as information about the ankle, knee and hip positions (i.e. angle variation). Two experimental conditions were tested: before (5 trials) and after (5 trials) cervical manipulation. Each subject participated in two experimental sessions, the first one with balance tests before and after the cervical manipulation (experimental session, EXP) and the other one with the same balance tests before and after a placebo intervention (control session, CTRL). The results suggest an acute effect of the cervical manipulation, as reduced postural sway was observed during the first trials after the intervention. Such an effect was not observed in the CTRL sessions, as the postural control system remained stable throughout the experiment

For over two decades, research has shown that providing instructions and feedback to promote an external focus (i.e., mentally focusing on movement effects or outcome) leads to enhanced motor performance and learning, compared to an internal focus (i.e., mentally focusing on the muscles and joints, or movement kinematics). Notably, while a majority of the research has been on healthy young adults, the external focus benefit has also been found to extend to individuals recovering from musculoskeletal dysfunction. Despite the potential benefit of an external focus for rehabilitation, observational studies have revealed that physiotherapists provide their clients with more internal, than external, focus statements and have little awareness of the focus of attention literature. Consequently, the end goal of this doctoral research was to translate the focus of attention research findings into Canadian physiotherapy practice through the design, delivery and assessment of an educational workshop for practicing physiotherapists. With this in mind, the first step became to determine whether such a workshop was warranted by assessing the self-reported focus of attention provision by Canadian physiotherapists. Thus, in Study 1 a study-specific questionnaire, titled the "Therapists' Perceptions of Motor Learning Principles Questionnaire" (TPMLPQ), was designed and completed by 121 Canadian physiotherapists. Results showed an overall low relative frequency of self-reported external focus promotion (M = 31.3%, SD = 14.9), across six hypothetical rehabilitation scenarios. Markedly, descriptions of a functional reaching (M = 55.5 %, SD = 37.0) and pelvic floor task (M = 65.6%, SD = 32.9) resulted in a greater self-reported promotion of external, than internal, focus of attention. These results suggested that Canadian physiotherapists could benefit from an educational workshop on focus of attention, and that there was a potential task dependency for their focus of attention promotion. Study 2 employed virtual one-on-one interviews with eight Southern Ontario-based physiotherapists, all whom completed the TPMLPQ just prior to the interview. The first few questions gathered participants' perceptions on factors that influence physiotherapists' focus of attention use, as well as barriers to promoting an external focus and potential solutions to them. Coding of the interview data generated four themes related to factors that influenced focus of attention use: (1) physiotherapist experiences and characteristics, (2) client experiences and characteristics, (3) task characteristics and (4) focus of attention statement provision strategies. Moreover, the barriers to external focus promotion were organized into three themes: (1) educational experiences, (2) reinforcement of internal focus encouragement once in practice and (3) research aspects. All interviewed physiotherapists proposed continuing education on focus of attention as a solution to these barriers. Questions in the second half of the interview garnered input on how to get physiotherapists to attend a focus of attention workshop, and what activities to include before, during or after the workshop to promote physiotherapists to use more externally focusing statements in their practice. This information was used to inform the workshop design and delivery. In addition to the physiotherapists' input, I also considered previous research that has emphasized the importance of evidence-based training programs to be based on theoretical frameworks. In this regard, Bandura's social cognitive theory was selected as a theoretical foundation. Further, knowing that the target population for the workshop consisted of adults with higher education, Knowles' adult learning theory was also selected as a complimentary theoretical foundation. Additionally, the Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation was selected to guide the assessment of the workshop, due to its strong overlap with constructs from both theoretical frameworks adopted. A final contribution to the workshop design process was holding a virtual group session with four focus of attention researchers in order to gain input on workshop content. The final workshop product consisted of two parts: seven self-directed asynchronous website modules and a synchronous virtual group session. Ultimately, in Study 3, the workshop was delivered to fifteen Canadian physiotherapists. In addition to completing the two workshop components (asynchronous and synchronous), participants completed assessment packages at three time points: (1) one-week pre-synchronous workshop, (2) immediately post-synchronous workshop, and (3) one-week post-synchronous workshop. Analysis of the data revealed a chain of evidence supporting the merits of the workshop. Explicitly, physiotherapists reported high satisfaction (Mdn = 4.60), perceived relevance (Mdn = 4.83), and engagement in the workshop (Mdn = 4.83). Comparing one-week pre- to immediately post-workshop, analyses revealed significant improvements to physiotherapists' (1) scores on the knowledge assessment (pre M = 51.30%, SD = 22.30; post M = 84.30%, SD = 11.50; p < .001, d = 2.06) with an accompanying decrease in the uncertainty in their responses (pre M = 23.19%, SD = 18.05; post M = 1.16%, SD = 1.99; p < .001, d = 1.28), (2) relative frequency of externally focusing to total focus of attention statements created on the skill assessment (pre M = 18.23%, SD = 13.17; post M = 67.95%, SD = 25.13; p < .001, d = 2.11), (3) self-reported attitudes towards learning and practice of external focus promotion (pre M = 88.25, SD = 11.00; post M = 92.83, SD = 6.59; p = .024, d = 0.56) and self-efficacy (pre M = 59.50, SD = 22.36; post M = 85.72, SD = 7.95, p < .001, r = 0.86). Using descriptive statistics, physiotherapists reported that participating in the workshop allowed them to increase their encouragement of external focus adoption (M = 79.00, SD = 15.14). Thirteen of the physiotherapists reported that they believed that their use of externally focusing statements led to improvements in their clients' rehabilitation outcomes (n = 13; M = 68.08, SD = 22.13), while the other two physiotherapists noticed no difference. Finally, those 13 physiotherapists also reported a high intention to continue to provide external focus statements in their practice (M = 87.31, SD = 15.09). In the context of social cognitive theory, these findings suggest that the workshop was successful in strengthening the physiotherapists' behavioral capabilities, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations, suggesting that the behavior change self-reported by the physiotherapists (i.e., more external focus promotion) could extend beyond the short-term assessment period used here. The whole of this doctoral research acts as a powerful step on the pathway to translate focus of attention research into Canadian physiotherapy, and also provides a useful framework for future studies aiming to translate motor learning research into the field - in Canada or globally.

Title: Assessment of motor performance in primary school age Objective: The work had to determinate the condition of motor performance children. Children were from 7 to 11 years old. We wanted to demonstrate increase of motor performance as consequence of natural evolution. We investigated the condition of motor performance and a level of motor abilities. Methods: The main method was the test battery Unifittest 6- 60. This battery showed basic motor performance. We found the condition of movement regime of questionnaire. Results: Bmi moves in a normal category. The basic motor performance moves below average. Girls have the worst results in 11 years. Boys have the worst results in 10 years. Girls have the best results in 7 years. Boys have the best results in 8 years. Motor performace decreases with age. Movement regime don't neglected. The most children visit sports club at least once a week (42,9%). Some children visit sports clubs 3-4 times a week (37%). The most favorite sports are colective games, dancing and swimming. Conclusion: The results show decline of basic motor performance. Dominant physical abilities don't evolve in revelant age. Movement regime isn't neglected, but regime doesn't suffice for development. Children choose of many activities. Children commute to activities often. Key...

Os profissionais da área de saúde deparam-se constantemente com situações que envolvem risco de vida para os clientes, uma delas é a parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) e necessita que sejam instituídas mais rapidamente as manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) que compreende o Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) e o uso de Desfibrilador Externo Automático (DEA). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo com o objetivo de identificar a HABILIDADE (prática) e o CONHECIMENTO (teórico) dos alunos dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde, de uma universidade privada no interior do Estado de São Paulo, antes e após serem submetidos ao curso/ treinamento. A coleta dos dados foi dividida em duas etapas sendo: 1ª. Etapa - avaliação do conhecimento teórico e prático prévio antes de um curso teórico com demonstração prática das manobras de RCP com uso do DEA e treinamento utilizando o laboratório de práticas com o manequim de RCP e o DEA; 2ª. Etapa avaliação teórica e prática individual. Foram incluídos 173 alunos com faixa etária de 17 a 23 anos, 151 (87,3%) do sexo feminino; na Avaliação da HABILIDADE na 1ª. Etapa, a pontuação máxima foi de 91 pontos 69 (39,9%) alunos e 104 (60,1%) alunos não pontuaram, na 2ª. Etapa a pontuação máxima obtida foi de 260 pontos por 101(58,4%) alunos. Na Avaliação do CONHECIMENTO, a pontuação máxima foi de 5,75 pontos e a pontuação mínima de 1,0 ponto na 1ª. Etapa. Na 2ª. Etapa, a pontuação máxima foi de 10,0 pontos por sete (4,0%) alunos, nenhum aluno obteve pontuação inferior a 7,5 pontos. Para 19 itens a diferença foi significativa na Avaliação da HABILIDADE da 1ª para a 2ª. Etapa em todos os grupos de conteúdos sendo: Avaliação inicial e responsividade 2 itens; Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração - 6 itens; Avaliação do pulso carotídeo e compressões torácicas - 3 itens e Manuseio do DEA 8 itens. Para 9 questões a diferença foi significativa na Avaliação do CONHECIMENTO da 1ª para a 2ª. Etapa em dois grupos de conteúdos: Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração - 3 questões e Manuseio do DEA 6 questões. As 13 questões que não apresentaram bom desempenho na 2ª. Etapa do estudo, no Conhecimento, estão agrupadas nos conteúdos: Avaliação inicial e responsividade; Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração e Manuseio do DEA. Quanto comparados a HABILIDADE e o CONHECIMENTO verifica-se que houve melhora no desempenho da primeira para a segunda etapa em todos os itens e questões (p=0,0001). Quanto ao treinamento a média do tempo de observação foi de 78,3 minutos e o tempo de treino foi de 117,1 minutos. Em relação à HABILIDADE os itens que não atingiram bom desempenho na 2ª. Etapa estão nos conteúdos Avaliação inicial e responsividade e Manuseio do DEA e em relação ao CONHECIMENTO as questões que não atingiram bom desempenho estão nos conteúdos Avaliação inicial e responsividade; Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração e Manuseio do DEA. Conclui-se que tanto na HABILIDADE quanto no CONHECIMENTO houve melhora no desempenho dos alunos. / The health professionals faced with situations involving risk of life for patients, one of them is cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) and needs to be established more quickly cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involving the Basic Life Support (BLS) and use of Automated External Defibrillator (AED) This is a exploratory study aiming to identify the skill (practice) and knowledge (theoretical) of the students in health undergraduate students in a private university in the state of São Paulo, before and after their submitted to the course / training. Data collection was divided into two stages as follows: 1st. Step - Evaluation of knowledge practical and theoretical and course with prior practical demonstration of CPR maneuvers using the AED, 2nd. Step - training and theory/practice evaluation individual, using laboratory practices with the manikin CPR and AED. 173 students were included aged 17 to 23 years, 151 (87.3%) were female; the skill evaluation in the 1st. Step, the maximum score of 91 points was 69 (39.9%) and 104 students (60.1%) were not scored in the 2nd. Step a maximum score of 260 points was obtained for 101 (58.4%) students. The Knowledge evaluation, the maximum score was 5.75 points in the 1st. Stage and a minimum score of 1.0 in the 2nd. Step, the maximum score was 10.0 points in seven (4.0%) students, no students scored less than 7.5 points. For 19 items the difference was significant in the skill evaluation the 1st to 2nd. Step in all groups of content being: \"Initial evaluation and responsiveness\" - 2 items, \"Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers\" - 6 items, \"Evaluation of the carotid pulse and chest compressions - items 3 and \" Handling the DEA \"- 8 items. In nine questions for the difference was significant in the Knowledge evaluation from the 1st to 2nd. Step into two groups of content: \"Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers\" - three questions and \"Handling the DEA\" - 6 issues. The 13 questions that did not show good performance in the 2nd. Stage of the study on Knowledge, are grouped by content: \"Initial evaluation and responsiveness,\" \"Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers\" and \"Handling the DEA.\" As compared with the skill and knowledge there is a significant improvement in performance from first to second step on all the items and issues (p = 0.0001). As for training the average observation time was 78.3 minutes and the workout time was 117.1 minutes. Regarding skill items that did not achieve good performance in the 2nd. Step in the contents are Initial evaluation and responsiveness and Handling the DEA and about the knowledge the questions that are not achieved a good performance in the contents Initial evaluation and responsiveness, Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers and Handling the DEA. We conclude that both the skill and knowledge in significant improvement in student performance.

Em indivíduos saudáveis o desempenho motor e os parâmetros cinemáticos e espaçotemporais da tarefa de alcance já estão descritos na literatura. Até o momento nenhum estudo investigou a influência da dor crônica no ombro nessas variáveis durante a tarefa de apontamento com o corpo todo em diferentes demandas, e nem estabeleceram como é o comportamento motor. Por este motivo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o comportamento motor de uma tarefa de apontamento em indivíduos com dor no ombro e avaliar parâmetros de padrão de movimento, desempenho motor e equilíbrio. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no Laboratório de Bioengenharia Elétrica da Escola Politécnica da USP. Participaram do estudo 20 sujeitos, sendo 11 no grupo controle (GC) e 9 no grupo com dor (GD). O experimento consistiu em realizar um alcance em três angulações distintas (menor, igual e maior que 90°) em duas velocidades (normal e rápida). Foram coletados dados de cinemática e plataforma de força. As principais medidas foram (1) índice de retidão (IR); (2) tempo de reação e movimento (3) deslocamentos angulares e lineares (4) COP e COM. Os resultados mostraram que o GD apresentou pior IR, maior tempo de reação e de movimento, os deslocamentos lineares e angulares foram mais estereotipados, os deslocamentos do COM e a velocidade de deslocamento do COP foram menores e as estratégias de equilíbrio foram menos utilizadas, gerando manutenção do controle em bloco. Desta forma, conclui-se que o comportamento motor é alterado no GD e as variáveis de padrão de movimento, desempenho motor e de equilíbrio foram piores na comparação com indivíduos saudáveis / In healthy subjects the motor performance and the kinematic parameters and spatiotemporal parameters of the task of reaching have already been described in the literature. Until now no study has investigated the influence of chronic shoulder pain on these variables during whole body pointing in different demands and did not establish how motor behavior works. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to characterize the motor behavior of a pointing task in individuals with shoulder pain and to evaluate patterns of movement pattern, motor performance and balance. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Bioengineering Laboratory of the Polytechnic School of USP. Twenty subjects participated in the study, being 11 in the control group (CG) and 9 in the pain group (PG). The experiment consisted in achieving a range in three distinct angles (smaller, equal and greater than 90 °) in two speeds (normal and fast). Kinematics and force platform data were collected. The main measures were (1) straightness index (RI); (2) reaction time and movement (3) angular and linear displacements (4) COP and COM. The results showed that the GD presented worse IR, longer reaction time and movement, linear and angular displacements were more stereotyped, the COM displacements and the COP displacement velocity were smaller and the equilibrium strategies were less used, generating maintenance of block control. However, we conclude that motor behavior is altered in GD and the variables of movement pattern, motor performance and balance were worse in comparison with healthy individuals

Os profissionais da área de saúde deparam-se constantemente com situações que envolvem risco de vida para os clientes, uma delas é a parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) e necessita que sejam instituídas mais rapidamente as manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) que compreende o Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) e o uso de Desfibrilador Externo Automático (DEA). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo com o objetivo de identificar a HABILIDADE (prática) e o CONHECIMENTO (teórico) dos alunos dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde, de uma universidade privada no interior do Estado de São Paulo, antes e após serem submetidos ao curso/ treinamento. A coleta dos dados foi dividida em duas etapas sendo: 1ª. Etapa - avaliação do conhecimento teórico e prático prévio antes de um curso teórico com demonstração prática das manobras de RCP com uso do DEA e treinamento utilizando o laboratório de práticas com o manequim de RCP e o DEA; 2ª. Etapa avaliação teórica e prática individual. Foram incluídos 173 alunos com faixa etária de 17 a 23 anos, 151 (87,3%) do sexo feminino; na Avaliação da HABILIDADE na 1ª. Etapa, a pontuação máxima foi de 91 pontos 69 (39,9%) alunos e 104 (60,1%) alunos não pontuaram, na 2ª. Etapa a pontuação máxima obtida foi de 260 pontos por 101(58,4%) alunos. Na Avaliação do CONHECIMENTO, a pontuação máxima foi de 5,75 pontos e a pontuação mínima de 1,0 ponto na 1ª. Etapa. Na 2ª. Etapa, a pontuação máxima foi de 10,0 pontos por sete (4,0%) alunos, nenhum aluno obteve pontuação inferior a 7,5 pontos. Para 19 itens a diferença foi significativa na Avaliação da HABILIDADE da 1ª para a 2ª. Etapa em todos os grupos de conteúdos sendo: Avaliação inicial e responsividade 2 itens; Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração - 6 itens; Avaliação do pulso carotídeo e compressões torácicas - 3 itens e Manuseio do DEA 8 itens. Para 9 questões a diferença foi significativa na Avaliação do CONHECIMENTO da 1ª para a 2ª. Etapa em dois grupos de conteúdos: Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração - 3 questões e Manuseio do DEA 6 questões. As 13 questões que não apresentaram bom desempenho na 2ª. Etapa do estudo, no Conhecimento, estão agrupadas nos conteúdos: Avaliação inicial e responsividade; Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração e Manuseio do DEA. Quanto comparados a HABILIDADE e o CONHECIMENTO verifica-se que houve melhora no desempenho da primeira para a segunda etapa em todos os itens e questões (p=0,0001). Quanto ao treinamento a média do tempo de observação foi de 78,3 minutos e o tempo de treino foi de 117,1 minutos. Em relação à HABILIDADE os itens que não atingiram bom desempenho na 2ª. Etapa estão nos conteúdos Avaliação inicial e responsividade e Manuseio do DEA e em relação ao CONHECIMENTO as questões que não atingiram bom desempenho estão nos conteúdos Avaliação inicial e responsividade; Abertura das vias aéreas e manobras de respiração e Manuseio do DEA. Conclui-se que tanto na HABILIDADE quanto no CONHECIMENTO houve melhora no desempenho dos alunos. / The health professionals faced with situations involving risk of life for patients, one of them is cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) and needs to be established more quickly cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involving the Basic Life Support (BLS) and use of Automated External Defibrillator (AED) This is a exploratory study aiming to identify the skill (practice) and knowledge (theoretical) of the students in health undergraduate students in a private university in the state of São Paulo, before and after their submitted to the course / training. Data collection was divided into two stages as follows: 1st. Step - Evaluation of knowledge practical and theoretical and course with prior practical demonstration of CPR maneuvers using the AED, 2nd. Step - training and theory/practice evaluation individual, using laboratory practices with the manikin CPR and AED. 173 students were included aged 17 to 23 years, 151 (87.3%) were female; the skill evaluation in the 1st. Step, the maximum score of 91 points was 69 (39.9%) and 104 students (60.1%) were not scored in the 2nd. Step a maximum score of 260 points was obtained for 101 (58.4%) students. The Knowledge evaluation, the maximum score was 5.75 points in the 1st. Stage and a minimum score of 1.0 in the 2nd. Step, the maximum score was 10.0 points in seven (4.0%) students, no students scored less than 7.5 points. For 19 items the difference was significant in the skill evaluation the 1st to 2nd. Step in all groups of content being: \"Initial evaluation and responsiveness\" - 2 items, \"Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers\" - 6 items, \"Evaluation of the carotid pulse and chest compressions - items 3 and \" Handling the DEA \"- 8 items. In nine questions for the difference was significant in the Knowledge evaluation from the 1st to 2nd. Step into two groups of content: \"Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers\" - three questions and \"Handling the DEA\" - 6 issues. The 13 questions that did not show good performance in the 2nd. Stage of the study on Knowledge, are grouped by content: \"Initial evaluation and responsiveness,\" \"Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers\" and \"Handling the DEA.\" As compared with the skill and knowledge there is a significant improvement in performance from first to second step on all the items and issues (p = 0.0001). As for training the average observation time was 78.3 minutes and the workout time was 117.1 minutes. Regarding skill items that did not achieve good performance in the 2nd. Step in the contents are Initial evaluation and responsiveness and Handling the DEA and about the knowledge the questions that are not achieved a good performance in the contents Initial evaluation and responsiveness, Opening the airway and breathing maneuvers and Handling the DEA. We conclude that both the skill and knowledge in significant improvement in student performance.

Em indivíduos saudáveis o desempenho motor e os parâmetros cinemáticos e espaçotemporais da tarefa de alcance já estão descritos na literatura. Até o momento nenhum estudo investigou a influência da dor crônica no ombro nessas variáveis durante a tarefa de apontamento com o corpo todo em diferentes demandas, e nem estabeleceram como é o comportamento motor. Por este motivo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o comportamento motor de uma tarefa de apontamento em indivíduos com dor no ombro e avaliar parâmetros de padrão de movimento, desempenho motor e equilíbrio. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no Laboratório de Bioengenharia Elétrica da Escola Politécnica da USP. Participaram do estudo 20 sujeitos, sendo 11 no grupo controle (GC) e 9 no grupo com dor (GD). O experimento consistiu em realizar um alcance em três angulações distintas (menor, igual e maior que 90°) em duas velocidades (normal e rápida). Foram coletados dados de cinemática e plataforma de força. As principais medidas foram (1) índice de retidão (IR); (2) tempo de reação e movimento (3) deslocamentos angulares e lineares (4) COP e COM. Os resultados mostraram que o GD apresentou pior IR, maior tempo de reação e de movimento, os deslocamentos lineares e angulares foram mais estereotipados, os deslocamentos do COM e a velocidade de deslocamento do COP foram menores e as estratégias de equilíbrio foram menos utilizadas, gerando manutenção do controle em bloco. Desta forma, conclui-se que o comportamento motor é alterado no GD e as variáveis de padrão de movimento, desempenho motor e de equilíbrio foram piores na comparação com indivíduos saudáveis / In healthy subjects the motor performance and the kinematic parameters and spatiotemporal parameters of the task of reaching have already been described in the literature. Until now no study has investigated the influence of chronic shoulder pain on these variables during whole body pointing in different demands and did not establish how motor behavior works. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to characterize the motor behavior of a pointing task in individuals with shoulder pain and to evaluate patterns of movement pattern, motor performance and balance. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Bioengineering Laboratory of the Polytechnic School of USP. Twenty subjects participated in the study, being 11 in the control group (CG) and 9 in the pain group (PG). The experiment consisted in achieving a range in three distinct angles (smaller, equal and greater than 90 °) in two speeds (normal and fast). Kinematics and force platform data were collected. The main measures were (1) straightness index (RI); (2) reaction time and movement (3) angular and linear displacements (4) COP and COM. The results showed that the GD presented worse IR, longer reaction time and movement, linear and angular displacements were more stereotyped, the COM displacements and the COP displacement velocity were smaller and the equilibrium strategies were less used, generating maintenance of block control. However, we conclude that motor behavior is altered in GD and the variables of movement pattern, motor performance and balance were worse in comparison with healthy individuals

In this thesis axial flux and radial flux brushless dc motors will be studied as a drive motor for the control of moment gyroscope wheel. Design equations for axial flux and radial flux brushless dc motor topologies will be reviewed. Based on these equations radial and axial flux motors with different number of poles will be designed that meet control moment gyroscope wheel application requirements. The results will be evaluated in terms of efficiency, torque/mass and torque/volume, and suitability for the control moment gyroscope application.

Title: Assessment of motor performance and body holding in young school-age children Objectives: The aim of this thesis is the assessment of motor performance, body holding and basic information concerning movement activity in young school-age children and to reveal any possible interrelations between these data. Hypothesis: 1. The volume of movement load in young school-age children affects their motor performance and body holding. 2. Motor performance evaluated by a modification of the UNIFITTEST has a significant correlation with body holding in young school age children. Methods: In order to determine the level of motor performance of the children, I used a modification of the UNIFITTEST (Měkota et al., 2002), while I also evaluated their basic somatic parameters. Their body holding was evaluated according to Mathias (Hošková and Matoušová 2007), Jaroš and Lomníček (Hošková and Matoušová 2007) and Adams's Test (Haladová and Nechvátalová 2005). Information about the frequency of the children's sports activities and their lifestyle, I collected with the form of a short survey. The research group consists of 19 boys and 11 girls with an average age of 9 years old (age range 8-11 years - by 1.1.2018), mean body height of 1.4 m (σ=8,2 cm) and mean body weight of 36.5 kg (σ=9,1 kg). Results:...