OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between composite FMS score and the risk of time-loss injury in experienced male rugby union athletes, and in addition, to determine the relationship between FMS-determined bilateral movement asymmetries and the risk of time-loss injury in these athletes. DESIGN: Analytical cohort study. SETTING: Rugby union on-field training and competition, and athletic therapy rooms at the University of Victoria or at Rugby Canada’s Center of Excellence, Victoria BC. PARTICIPANTS: 76 experienced, male rugby union athletes (mean age 21.6±2.7 years). MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed surveys pertaining to demographic, anthropometric, injury history, and involvement in rugby union information. The main outcome measures were time-loss injury incidence and FMS scores. RESULTS: Odds ratio analyses revealed that when compared to those scoring at least 14.5, players with FMS scores below 14.5 were 10.42 times (95%CI: 1.28-84.75, Fisher’s exact test, one-tailed, p=0.007) more likely to have sustained time-loss injury (+LR=7.08, -LR=0.72, specificity=0.95, sensitivity=0.35) in Season One and 4.97 times (95%CI: 1.02-24.19, Fisher’s exact test, one-tailed, p=0.029) more likely in Season Two (+LR=3.56, -LR=0.71 specificity=0.90, sensitivity=0.36). Participants scoring below 15.5 on the FMS were also at significantly greater risk of injury, exhibiting a risk of injury 3.37 times (95%CI: 1.12-10.14, Fisher’s exact test, one-tailed, p=0.027) greater than players with higher FMS scores in Season Two (+LR=1.84, -LR=0.55, specificity=0.65, sensitivity=0.64), but not in Season One. The presence of bilateral asymmetries was not associated with increased likelihood of time-loss injury. CONCLUSIONS: Experienced male rugby union athletes with preseason FMS scores below 14.5 are 5-10 times more likely to sustain one or more time-loss injuries in a competitive season when compared to athletes with FMS scores of at least 14.5. The quality of fundamental movement, as assessed by the FMS, is predictive of time-loss injury risk in experienced rugby union athletes and should be considered an important preseason player assessment tool. / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between movement competency and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults aged 55 to 75 years. Seventy-eight, male (40) and female (38), subjects completed the study. Their mean (SD) age, height, and mass were 64.9 (5.8) years and 63.6 (4.9) years, 1.8 (.08) m and 1.7 (.07) m, 82.6 (11.8) kg and 70.3 (17.9) kg, for male and female, respectively. Subjects completed several tests in 3 categories: movement competency (Functional Movement ScreenTM [FMS] [all 7 tests], sitting-rising test [SRT]); physical activity level (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly [PASE]); and health related quality of life [HRQOL] (SF-36v2). A linear regression model was then developed to examine the relationship of a number of variables to quality of life. The strongest relationship to HRQOL was the FMS, with a positive correlation of 0.474 which is highly significant (p < 0.0001). Once the FMS score was accounted for, no other terms in the regression model were significant. The correlation between our two assessments of movement competency, the FMS and SRT was 0.644 which is highly significant (p < 0.0001). Our primary hypothesis was supported that those with better movement competency have a better health related quality of life. Our results suggest further research should be undertaken to see if properly administered individualized corrective therapeutic exercise programs could improve older adults' movement competency and thereby improve their quality of life.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-09T18:36:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MatheusAlmeidaTrindade.pdf: 748002 bytes, checksum: 71434375444f93d4468c9f416f0e79a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-05-16T19:06:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MatheusAlmeidaTrindade.pdf: 748002 bytes, checksum: 71434375444f93d4468c9f416f0e79a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T19:06:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_MatheusAlmeidaTrindade.pdf: 748002 bytes, checksum: 71434375444f93d4468c9f416f0e79a4 (MD5) / Entende-se que a avaliação dos movimentos funcionais é uma forma de identificar deficiências de mobilidade e estabilidade, por vezes negligenciados em avaliações clássicas e tradicionais, até mesmo na população assintomática. Nosso estudo é pioneiro ao tentar relacionar a qualidade de vida com os resultados do FMS.Objetivo Avaliar o equilíbrio postural estático e dinâmico, nível de atividade física e a qualidade de vida de universitários jovens e sadios. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal, caracterizado pela aplicação do método FMS em indivíduos jovens e sadios. Os voluntários foram submetidos a testes de equilíbrio e questionários de nível de atividade física e qualidade de vida. Participaram do presente estudo 58 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, universitários, de 18 a 35 anos e sem histórico de trauma ou lesões que pudessem gerar algum impedimento na realização das atividades do trabalho. Resultados O presente estudo demonstrou que o nível de atividade física, domínios de qualidade de vida e índices de equilíbrio unipodal de universitários sadios não discriminaram os grupos FMS1 e FMS2. Considerações finais Tais achados reforçam a importância de se rever o uso do FMS enquanto única estratégia para prevenção de lesões ou análise de desempenho durante atividades físicas e esportivas. / IntroductionIt is understood that the evaluation of functional movements is a way to identify deficiencies of mobility and stability, sometimes neglected in classical and traditional assessments even in the asymptomatic population. Our study is the first to try to relate the quality of life with the results of FMS. Objective To evaluate static and dynamic postural balance, physical activity and quality of life of young students and healthy.Methods This was a cross-sectional study, characterized by the method FMS in young and healthy individuals. The volunteers underwent balance tests and questionnaires level of physical activity and quality of life. The study included 58 volunteers of both sexes, students, 18-35 years and with no history of trauma or injury that could generate some impediment in carrying out work activities. Results The study showed that the level of physical activity, quality of life domains and single leg balance indexes of healthy university did not discriminate the FMS1 and FMS2 groups. Conclusion These findings reinforce the importance of reviewing the use of FMS as the sole strategy for prevention of injury or performance analysis for physical and sporting activities.

Limited or asymmetrical hip mobility can affect movement patterns common to everyday living. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hip mobility and performance on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in apparently healthy older adults. This relationship was evaluated in both males and females. In this observational study, 20 older adults (10 male, 10 female, mean age = 65.65 ± 10.18 years old) completed the Functional Movement Screen and measurements of passive hip range of motion. Separate regression analyses and Pearson Product-Moment Correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between hip mobility measures and FMS composite and FMS individual task scores. All analyses employed a pseudo-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Significant correlations were found between FMS Shoulder Mobility (left side scoring) and left leg hip flexion (p = 0.002, r = 0.636), Trunk Stability Push-Up and left leg external rotation (p = 0.008, r = 0.568), and Rotary Stability (scoring on the right side) and right leg flexion (p = 0.008, r = 0.571). The only measure of hip mobility that was significantly related to the FMS composite score was left leg hip external rotation (p = 0.006, r = 0.589). An independent t-test revealed a significant difference (p = 0.0002) between men and women on the FMS Trunk Stability Push-Up test. There was no sex difference in any other individual FMS test item or the composite FMS score. All of the participants were able to complete all of the measures of hip mobility and all of the individual FMS test items. Thus, a larger scale study could be conducted in an older group of participants to further evaluate the relationship between measures of hip mobility and the FMS, accounting for confounding variables such as physical activity level, BMI, and age. In this preliminary study, correlations between measures of hip mobility and FMS scores were strong but few in number. The findings of our study suggest that lower measures of hip mobility can lead to a decreased ability to perform task-specific FMS movements. This data gives evidence that hip mobility can influence functional movement patterns which may lead to alterations in functional movement related to activities of daily living.

Background: Movement screens are frequently used to identify abnormal movement patterns that may increase risk of injury and/or hinder performance. However, abnormal patterns are often detected visually based on the observations of a coach or clinician leading to poor inter- and intrarater reliability. In addition, they have been criticized for having poor validity and sensitivity. Quantitative, or data-driven methods can increase objectivity, remove issues related to inter-rater reliability and offer the potential to detect new and important features that may not be observable by the human eye. The combination of motion capture data, pattern recognition and machine learning could provide a quantitative method to better assess movement competency. Purpose: The purpose of this doctoral thesis was to create the foundation for the development of an objective movement screening tool that combines motion capture data, pattern recognition and machine learning. This doctoral thesis is part of a larger project to bring an objective movement screening tool for use in the field to market. Methods: This thesis is comprised of four studies based on a single data collection and a common series of pre-processing steps. Data from 542 athletes were collected by Motus Global, a for-profit biomechanics company, with athletes ranging in competition level from youth to professional and competing in a wide-range of sports. For the first study of this thesis, an online software program was developed to examine the inter- and intra-reliability of a movement screen, with intrareliability being further examined to compare reliability when body-shape was and was not modified. The second study developed the objective movement screen framework that utilized motion capture, pattern recognition and machine learning. Study 3 and 4 assessed different types of input data, classification goals (e.g., skill level and sport played), feature reduction and selection methods, and increasingly complex machine learning algorithms. Results: For Study 1, when looking at inter- and intra-rater reliability of expert assessors during subjective scoring of movements, intra-rater reliability was better than inter-rater reliability. When assessing the effects of body-shape, on average, reliability worsened when body-shape was manipulated. Study 2 provided proof-of-principle that athletes were able to be classified based on skill level using marker-based optical motion capture data, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis. For Study 3, PCA in combination with linear classifiers outperformed non-linear classifiers when classifying athletes based on skill level; feature selection increased classification rates, and classification rates when using simulated inertial measurement unit data as the input data were on average better than when using marker-based optical motion capture data. In Study 4, athletes were able to be differentiated based on sport played and recurrent neural nets (RNNs) and PCA in combination with traditional linear classifiers were the optimal machine learning algorithms when classifying athletes based on skill level and sport played. Conclusion: This thesis demonstrates that objective methods can differentiate athletes based on desired demographics using motion capture, pattern recognition and machine learning. This thesis is part of a larger project to bring an objective movement screening tool for field-use to market and provides a solid foundation to use in the continued development of an objective movement screening tool.

The purpose of this study was to determine if a firefighter's fundamental movement patterns can act as predictors for occupational injury and performance during the firefighter academy training. The study consisted of 23 firefighter candidates entering the 16-week firefighter academy training. The firefighter candidates', VO2Max, 1.5 mile-run and Firefighter Physical Conditioning Course and movement patterns were assessed at the on-set of the 16-week training. The firefighter movement patterns were assessed utilizing the Functional Movement Screen, which was designed to identify flaws in fundamental movement patterns. The firefighter candidates were then observed and their injuries documented during the firefighter academy training. The injury results as well as the initial performance tests were then compared to the results obtained by the Functional Movement Screen. There were no significant findings when comparing the Functional Movement Screen to the performance tests. The only significant correlation was with the Functional Movement Screen asymmetry score and the Firefighter Physical Conditioning Course. The relationship between the injuries recorded and Functional Movement Screen scores were inconclusive. The results of this study were unable to determine if a movement-based assessment such as the Functional Movement Screen can be utilized as an injury or performance predictor tool. The findings determined that further research needs to be performed with efforts placed on larger population groups and more emphasis placed on the scoring and analysis criteria used by the movement-based assessment. / Ph. D.

Sports medicine professionals are continuously attempting to keep the incidence of injuries down. One way to accomplish this is to employ preventive methods that identify athletes who are at a greater risk of becoming injured prior to the start of the athletic season. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS) is a screening method that attempts to identify those individuals at risk of sustaining injuries by determining deficits in athletes' mobility and stability. This is an area of great conflict because athletic injuries result from many factors, not only in mobility and stability weaknesses. Therefore, it must first be determined whether deficient scores on the FMS are the result of the proposed weakness, or rather other potential risk factors. Functional Movement Screen™ scores were collected from 136 collegiate Division 1-A football players from three athletic programs. The scores were separated into one of three groups based upon the position played by each subject: (1) skill group, (2) combo group, and (3) line-of-scrimmage group. Data were also collected on each subject's height, weight, and relative body weight (BMI). The results of the ANOVA and Tukey HSD showed that there was a significant difference p < 0.05 between the line-of-scrimmage group and the skill group, as well as between the line-of-scrimmage group and the combo group. No significant difference was demonstrated between the combo group and the skill group. The results of the Pearson Correlation demonstrated a significant negative relationship p < 0.05 between the height of an athlete and the score received on the FMS. Significant negative relationships p < 0.01 were shown between the weight of an athlete and the score received on the FMS, as well as the relative body weight (BMI) and the athletes' score on the FMS. The results suggest that the score an athlete receives on the FMS may not reflect mobility and stability deficiencies because other factors affect the outcome of the scores. Therefore, at the present time, the FMS may not be a reliable tool by itself for identifying athletes who are at a greater risk of sustaining non-contact types of injuries. / Ph. D.

Introduction: Overload injuries are common among elite cross-country skiers. Screening tests are used in sports to prevent injuries. The tests are used extensively, however, the method has low validity. The knowledge from the current study may be used when developing new screening methods. Aim: To explore elite cross-country skiers’ own experiences, desires and needs for screening tests. Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach was used and individual semi-structed interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.. Seven elite cross-country skiers at the National Sport University in Umeå were strategically selected. Consisting of six men and one woman, the median age of the skiers was 24 years old. All had performed a Functional Movement Screen (FMS) within the last three years. Results: The result consist of one main theme, namely “Strivning for avoidence of injury and increased performance”. Within this main theme there were four categories “Insufficient challenge to improve performance”, “Physical check leading to exercise adjustments“,”Athletic posture and good technique improves skiing” and “Adapting and planning their exercise”. Each of the categories have 3-4 sub-categories respectively. The result represent the skiers’ desire to remain un-injured while increasing their performance. They request more tailor made and sport specific screening tests developed for cross-country skiing. This based on careful observations and meassurements of the specific requirements of the sport. The insights from the screening test would ideally result in suggested training schedules and individualized exercises. Conclusion: Elite cross-country skiers piont out the need for objective observations and analysis methods of the physical challenges of cross-country skiing. This in order to identify performance-enhancing measures, while at the same time avoiding overload injuries. The knowledge from this study can provide future researchers the direction in which they should focus when developing new sport-specific tests. / Introduktion: Inom längdskidåkning är överbelastning den vanligaste orsaken till skada. För att undvika skador används ofta screeningtester av idrottare men det har i litteraturen dock svag validitet. Kunskapen från aktuell studie kan användas vid utvecklande av nya anpassade screeningmetoder. Syfte: Att utforska elitlängdskidåkares egna erfarenheter, önskemål och behov av screeningtester. Metod: Metoden var kvalitativ med induktiv ansats och individuella semi-strukturerade intervjuer analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Sju elitskidåkare vid Riksidrottsuniversitetet i Umeå valdes strategiskt ut, sex män och en kvinna deltog, medianålder var 24 år. Alla hade utfört Functional Movement Screen (FMS) inom senaste tre åren. Resultat: Resultatet består av ett tema ”Att sträva efter att undvika skador och öka sin prestation” och de fyra kategorierna ”Otillräcklig utmaning för förbättrad prestation”, ”Kroppslig check som leder till träningsjustering”, ”Atletisk hållning och god teknik förbättrar skidåkningen” och ”Anpassning och planering av sin träning” med 3-4 underkategorier var. Resultatet representerar längdskidåkarnas önskan om att hålla sig skadefria och öka sin prestation. De önskar att ett mer anpassat screeningtest bör utvecklas utifrån noggranna observationer och mätningar utefter de specifika kraven i idrotten. Det nya screeningtestet skulle kunna leda till råd om träningsupplägg och individanpassade övningar. Slutsats: Elitskidåkarna tycker det behövs objektiv observation av längdskidåkning och vilka krav som ställs på kroppen, för utvecklande av skadeförebyggande och prestationshöjande åtgärder. Kunskapen från denna studie ger riktning mot vad framtida forskning inom ämnet bör fokusera på vid utvecklandet av nytt idrottsspecifikt test.

Regelbunden fysisk aktivitet motverkar en rad fysiska och mentala sjukdomar. Hälsovinster av fysisk aktivitet är bland annat en högre funktionell muskulär- och kardiovaskulär kapacitet samt en högre livskvalitet. Stillasittande och inaktivitet kan leda till övervikt, kardiovaskulära sjukdomar, cancer, psykosociala problem och metaboliska sjukdomar. Mellan män och kvinnor finns fysiologiska skillnader som visar sig i kroppsstorlek och muskelmassa. Detta ger generellt sett kvinnor mer flexibel fysik medan män är fysiskt starkare. WHOs rekommendationer om daglig fysisk aktivitet är 150 min/vecka av moderat aerobisk träning eller 75 min mer ansträngande aerobisk träning. Styrketräning som involverar större muskelgrupper rekommenderas i åldrarna 18-64.   Till hjälp att undersöka hypotesen har två oberoende test används. En skriftlig enkät, SF-36v2 Health Survey, samt ett fysiskt test, Functional Movement Screen. I denna studie undersöks huruvida det finns ett samband mellan en ökad träningsmängd och ett högre FMS-resultat samt om en högre ålder ger lägre FMS-resultat, oavsett kön. Vi tror oss även se ett samband mellan högre FMS-poäng och ett högre uppskattat mentalt och fysiskt mående. Testpersonerna (N:30) som deltog i studien var arbetande eller studerande män (N:15) och kvinnor (N:15) i åldrarna 20-65år. FMS-resultaten visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kön eller stigande ålder. Däremot ser vi signifikanta skillnader mellan könen vid specifika styrke- eller rörlighetstester i FMS. Kvinnorna visar tydligt via resultaten att de generellt har en mer flexibel fysik medan männen är starkare. Som slutsats av denna studie kan vi konstatera att FMS som testmetod är könsneutralt och kan användas på blandade populationer. Detta ger testmetoden en bred användbarhet på just en blandad population. Fler studier krävs för att få fram normerande poängsättning om FMS skall användas på medelmotionären.

Darbo tikslas: įvertinti hologramos poveikį sveikų, jauno amžiaus asmenų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkciniams rodikliams, funkcinių judesių atlikimo stereotipui, dinaminio stabilumo ir fizinio pajėgumo rodikliams. Darbo tikslui įgyvendinti buvo iškelti šie uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti hologramos poveikį sveikų, jauno amžiaus asmenų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkciniams rodikliams. 2. Įvertinti hologramos poveikį sveikų, jauno amžiaus asmenų funkcinių judesių atlikimo stereotipui. 3. Įvertinti hologramos poveikį sveikų, jauno amžiaus asmenų dinaminio stabilumo rodikliams. 4. Įvertinti hologramos poveikį sveikų, jauno amžiaus asmenų fizinio pajėgumo rodikliams. Tyrimas atliktas Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos Slaugos fakulteto Sporto institute. Tyrime dalyvavo 31 asmuo. Moterų grupėje- 10 tiriamųjų (moterų amžiaus vidurkis 22,1 ±1,5 m. ( ±SEM, standartinė vidurkio įverčio paklaida), kūno masės indekso vidurkis 20,3 ±1,8 kg/m2). Vyrų grupėje - 21 tiriamasis ( amžiaus vidurkis 23,1 ± 1,2 m., kūno masės indekso vidurkis 23,6 ± 2,1 kg/m² ). Tyrimo dalyviai du kartus atliko pakopomis kas minutę didėjančio fizinio krūvio mėginį veloergometru, funkcinių judesių atlikimo stereotipo vertinimo (angl. Functional Movement Screen), Eurofito testų rinkinius ir Y pusiausvyros testą. Vieną kartą jie dėvėjo apyrankę su aktyvia holograma, o kitą kartą su neaktyvia holograma (placebo). Tarp atskirų testavimų buvo daroma savaitės pertrauka. Rezultatai:... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study- evaluate the effect of hologram on young healthy human cardiovascular system, movement pattern quality, dynamic stability and physical performance. Goals of this research: 1. Evaluate hologram’s effect on young healthy human cardiovascular system. 2. Evaluate hologram’s effect on young healthy human movement pattern quality. 3. Evaluate hologram’s effect on young healthy human dynamic stability. 4. Evaluate holographic effect on young healthy human physical performance This study was carried out in the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursery, Institute of Sport. 10 females (age average of 22,1 ± 1,5 m.(± SEM, standard error mean), body mass index average of 20,3 ± 1,8 kg/m2) and 21 males(age average of 23,1 ± 1,2 m., body mass index average of 23,6 ± 2,1 kg/m2) were tested. Reasearch type: each subject was tested 2 times – first time wearing wristband with active hologram and second time wearing wristband with non- active (placebo) hologram. One week interval was held between the testing in order to avoid the effect of previous testing. Tested person weren’t able to know what kind of wristband he or she is wearing during the testing. Holograms looked the same, with the same picture andthe same size. Participants performed increasing load veloergometer excirsice test, Functional Movement Screen and Eurofit test batteries, Y balance test. Results:. dynamic stability measured by Y balance testst in the anterior direction of the left... [to full text]