Une chaîne de conversion photovoltaïque signifie aujourd'hui un générateur photovoltaïque (GPV) connecté à une charge par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur. Selon l'application visée, l'énergie photovoltaïque est soit utilisée telle quelle par la charge, soit stockée ou bien injectée directement au réseau électrique. L'optimisation de la production de cette énergie reste encore du domaine de la recherche et beaucoup d'innovations sont encore nécessaires pour en faire une énergie fiable. De nos jours, les axes de recherche pour augmenter la production de cette énergie sont principalement focalisés sur l'extraction de la puissance maximale, mais très peu de solutions sont proposées pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique de la chaîne de conversion dans son ensemble. Cette thèse est focalisée sur l'optimisation des performances des étages d'adaptation. Ainsi, des améliorations sont proposées sur les différentes parties constituant la chaîne de conversion. Le haut degré d'intégration et la flexibilité apportés par le domaine digital nous ont poussés vers la numérisation de commandes MPPT élaborées sur le principe de commande extrémale. L'amélioration de l'étage de conversion est illustrée au travers de deux structures, inspirées de méthodes couramment utilisées dans les applications de fortes puissances comme la mise en parallèle de convertisseurs DC-DC fonctionnant en mode interleaving. De nouvelles propriétés, intrinsèques à des structures semigiratrices de puissance, renforcent l'étude. Une nouvelle architecture basée sur la discrétisation de chaque générateur photovoltaïque est ainsi proposée comme pouvant être le meilleur compromis en termes de transfert d'énergie solaire.

Augmenter la durée de vie d'une pile, voire s'en passer est aujourd'hui devenu une obligation pour les microsystèmes. En effet, à cette échelle, le remplacement des piles et leur rejet dans l'environnement sont problématiques. La voie préconisée pour répondre à cet enjeu est d'utiliser des sources d'énergie renouvelables (solaire, thermique et mécanique). Pour cela, nous proposons de développer une plateforme de récupération d'énergie multi-sources/multi-charges (MANAGY) capable de s'adapter à son environnement pour en extraire le maximum d'énergie et répondre à des applications diverses. L'architecture est constituée de chemins directs et de chemins indirects où l'énergie provenant des sources est d'abord transférée dans une unité de stockage avant d'être réutilisée par les charges du microsystème. L'utilisation de cette nouvelle architecture permet d'optimiser le transfert d'énergie entre sources et charges et améliore le rendement du système de 33%. Avant de développer une architecture multi-sources, nous avons cherché à améliorer le rendement de la source photovoltaïque (PV) qui, au vu de l'état de l'art, a la densité de puissance la plus élevée. La recherche du rendement maximum de la source PV revient à la recherche du point de puissance maximum (MPPT). Il existe pour chaque condition d'irradiance, de température, et d'énergie extraites un couple tension-courant permettant à la source de fournir un maximum de puissance (MPP). Grâce à l'utilisation de deux chemins de puissance, nous arrivons simultanément à créer une boucle de régulation faible puissance agissant sur le rapport cyclique du système de gestion d'énergie (MPPT) et une boucle de régulation de la tension de sortie agissant sur le transfert de l'énergie. La modélisation du système nous a permis de spécifier ses performances. Pour atteindre les performances requises, des architectures innovantes ont été réalisées qui ont fait l'objet de trois brevets. De plus, des blocs ne sont activés qu'aux instants de changement d'état du système et sont conçus, quand cela a été possible, avec des transistors fonctionnant en mode faible inversion. Toutes ces optimisations permettent au système de fonctionner sur une large plage de variation de l'éclairement (de conditions intérieures supérieures à 500 lux à extérieures) avec un rendement proche de 90%.

Les recherches effectuées dans cette thèse concernent les composants électroniques minéraux, organiques et les systèmes photovoltaïques. Concernant les semiconducteurs minéraux, nous avons modélisé les propriétés de conduction des structures métal/oxyde/semiconducteur (MOS) fortement intégrées en absence et en présence des charges. Nous avons proposé une méthodologie permettant de caractériser le vieillissement des structures MOS sous injection du courant de type Fowler Nordheim (FN). Ensuite, nous avons étudié les diodes Schottky en polymères de type métal/polymère/métal. Nous avons conclu que: Le mécanisme de transfert des charges, à travers l'interface métal/polymère, est attribué à l'effet thermoïonique et pourrait être affecté par l'abaissement de la barrière de potentiel à l'interface métal/polymère. Dans le domaine de l'énergie photovoltaïque, nous avons conçu et modélisé un système photovoltaïque de moyenne puissance (100W). Nous avons montré que l'adaptation du générateur à la charge permet une meilleure exploitation de l'énergie solaire. Ceci est réalisé par le biais des convertisseurs contrôlés par une commande de type MPPT munie d'un circuit de détection de dysfonctionnement et de redémarrage du système.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη της λειτουργίας και τη δημιουργία ενός μικροδικτύου, στο χώρο του Κτηρίου Βαρέων Ηλεκτρολόγων του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Επιπρόσθετα, πραγματεύεται την κατασκευή ενός εξομοιωτή ηλεκτρικής κατανάλωσης φορτίου μονοκατοικίας, με στόχο την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων από την σύνδεσή του με το μικροδίκτυο. Η εργασία αυτή εκπονήθηκε στο Εργαστήριο Ηλεκτρομηχανικής Μετατροπής Ενέργειας του Τμήματος Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών και Τεχνολογίας Υπολογιστών της Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Η διπλωματική εργασία έγινε καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια σε συνεργασία με τους συναδέλλφους Ψαρά Βασίλειο και Παρασκευά Παύλο. Στο μικροδίκτυο είναι συνδεδεμένα αυτήν τη στιγμή Φ/Β πλαίσια η ισχύς των οποίων είναι 1920Wp, και υπάρχει η δυνατότητα τόσο αυτόνομης όσο και διασυνδεδεμένης λειτουργίας. Το μικροδίκτυο εκτός από την φωτοβολταϊκή συστοιχία, έχει τρεις αντιστροφείς συνδεδεμένου συστήματος, που πραγματοποιούν την αντιστροφή της παραγόμενης από τα φωτοβολταϊκά συνεχούς τάσης σε εναλλασσόμενη, ένα μετατροπέα αυτόνομου συστήματος, ο οποίος αναλαμβάνει την δημιουργία και τον συνεχή έλεγχο του αυτόνομου συστήματος και τους συσσωρευτές οι οποίοι αξιοποιούνται για την αποθήκευση της παραγόμενης ενέργειας από τις πηγές παραγωγής ενέργειας του συστήματος. Επίσης, σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η κατασκευή ενός εξομοιωτή ηλεκτρικής κατανάλωσης φορτίου μιας μέσης κατοικίας, ώστε μελλοντικά, με πειράματα πάνω σε αυτήν τη διάταξη, να διαστασιολογηθεί ένα μικροδίκτυο το οποίο θα επαρκεί για τη σταθερή, συνεχόμενη και αξιόπιστη κάλυψη της απαιτούμενης ενέργειας μιας μέσης κατοικίας. Αρχικά, παρουσιάζεται το ενεργειακό πρόβλημα, το οποίο εκ φύσεως οδηγεί στην ανεύρεση νέων πηγών ενέργειας. Εν συνεχεία, αναφέρονται τα πλεονεκτήματα και μειονεκτήματα των ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας καθώς και η παρούσα κατάσταση όσον αφορά τη χρησιμοποίησή τους. Κατόπιν, παραθέτουμε τον ορισμό καθώς και τις συνήθεις συνιστώσες ενός μικροδικτύου, αναλύοντας θεωρητικά τις κυριότερες μονάδες παραγωγής, μετατροπής και αποθήκευσης ενέργειας. Επίσης, παραθέτουμε μια καταγραφή καθώς και μια ανάλυση όλων των εμπλεκομένων μονάδων του υπάρχοντος μικροδικτύου. Με σκοπό τη μελέτη της λειτουργίας του, την αξιολόγηση των δυνατοτήτων του και την εκτίμηση της παρούσας κατάστασής του, παρουσιάζονται μετρήσεις που πραγματοποιήθηκαν με διάφορα φορτία και εξάγονται κάποια σημαντικά συμπεράσματα. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζονται όλες οι εμπλεκόμενες μονάδες του μικροδικτύου που είναι εγκατεστημένο στο εργαστήριο Παραγωγής, Μεταφοράς, Διανομής και Χρησιμοποίησης Ηλεκτρικής Ενέργειας, καθώς και μια σειρά πειραμάτων που διεξήχθησαν. Το επόμενο βήμα ήταν η προσομοίωση τόσο των μετατροπέων ισχύος, όσο και της μεθόδου μέγιστης απομάστευσης ισχύος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε καθώς και του συνολικού συστήματος. Τέλος, αναλύουμε τη διαδικασία υλοποίησης του εξομοιωτή φορτίου, ο οποίος προσομοιώνει ποικίλες οικιακές συσκευές που ελέγχονται από έναν προγραμματιζόμενο λογικό ελεγκτή και παραθέτουμε παλμογραφήματα και μετρήσεις που προέκυψαν από τα πειράματα που διενεργήσαμε μετά την ολοκλήρωση της κατασκευής σε εργαστηριακό περιβάλλον. / The current thesis deals with the study of the operation, as well as the construction of a typical microgrid. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the construction of a resistive-inductive load that emulates the energy consumption of a household. This thesis was conducted in the Laboratory of Electromechanical Energy Conversion, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering, University of Patras. The outer purpose of this study is the construction a resistive-inductive load that simulates the energy consumption of a household. The device uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) in order to implement the necessary automation. The main subject of this current thesis was the programming of the PLC and the emulation of the daily operation of electrical devices of a household. Once completed, it will be possible to connect this load emulator to a microgrid so as to optimize its performance and study its operational behavior. This whole thesis was fulfilled through continuous cooperation with colleagues Paraskeuas Paulos and Psaras Vasileios. Initially, the energy problem is presented, a fact that naturally leads to the finding of new energy sources. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources are discussed as well as the current state regarding their utilization. Afterwards, the definition and the common components of a microgrid are presented through theoretical analysis of all the related units (energy production, conversion and storage units). Moreover, every installed unit of an existing microgrid in the laboratory is mentioned and analyzed. Aiming to study its operation, evaluate its capabilities and estimate its present state, measurements with varying loads are cited. . The profile and size of a typical energy consumption of a household are presented. Given that, the final choice of the emulation method in laboratory environment was made, using appropriate passive elements (resistors, inductors). Finally, the energy consumption of the load emulator is presented, as it was recorded through the connection to the utility grid, and certain conclusions concerning its operation are made.

The great innovations of the last century have ushered continuous progress in many areas of technology, especially in the form of miniaturization of electronic circuits. This progress shows a trend towards consistent decreases in power requirements due to miniaturization. According to the ITRS and industry leaders, such as Intel, the challenge of managing and providing power efficiency still persist as scaling down of devices continues. A variety of power sources can be used in order to provide power to low power applications. Few of these sources have favorable characteristics and can be designed to deliver maximum power such as the novel mini notched turbine used as a source in this work. The MiNT is a novel device that can be used as a feasible energy source when integrated into a system and evaluated for power delivery as investigated in this work. As part of this system, a maximum power point tracking system provides an applicable solution for capturing enhanced power delivery for an energy harvesting system. However, power efficiency and physical size are adversely affected by the characteristics and environment of many energy harvesting systems and must also be addressed. To address these issues, an analysis of mini notched turbine, a RF rectenna, and an enhanced maximum power point tracking system is presented and verified using simulations and measurements. Furthermore, mini notched energy harvesting system, RF rectenna energy harvesting system, and enhanced maximum power point tracking system are developed and experimental data analyzed. The enhanced maximum power point tracking system uses a resistor emulation technique and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the power efficiency and reduce the physical size. This new innovative design improves the efficiency of optimized power management circuitry up to 7% compared to conventional power management circuits over a wide range of input power and range of emulated resistances, allowing more power to be harvested from small energy harvesting sources and delivering it to the load such as smart sensors. In addition, this is the first IC design to be implemented and tested for the patented mini notched turbine (MiNT) energy harvesting device. Another advantage of the enhanced power management system designed in this work is that the proposed approach can be utilized for extremely small energy sources and because of that the proposed work is valid for low emulated resistances. and systems with low load resistance Overall, through the successful completion of this work, various energy harvesting systems can have the ability to provide enhanced power management as the IC industry continues to progress toward miniaturization of devices and systems.

The purpose of this research is to design and integrate a symbiotic notched-turbine energy generator for implantation as a cross-coupled system capable of continuously and perpetually powering an electronic implantable medical device (IMD), which is a device designed to operate inside the body of a higher mammal to enhance, correct or provide the body with a function that has deviated from the norm or has stopped altogether. The list of IMDs available for implantation keeps growing every year, one of the newest being the VBLOC, produced by EnteroMedics®, and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 15th, 2015[1], [2] to treat obesity in the United States, in lieu of the more dangerous and costly bariatric surgery widely used to treat the same condition. Some of the more traditional IMDs, such as the cardiac defibrillator, pacemaker, and insulin pumps require the use of a battery system for their operation. The powering of IMDs is a topic of growing importance and as such, the energy released by the hydrodynamic action of the cardiovascular system of a higher mammal is presented in this work as a source of energy that can be converted into electricity by use of a microturbine, loaded with magnetic rings that induce a time-varying magnetic field onto a set of insulated coils through the process of electromagnetic induction (EMI) in accordance with Faraday’s Law. This work goes beyond mere power production and focuses on the process required to integrate this power source with an IMD when it is coupled to the cardiovascular system for drawing hydro-mechanical power for conversion to electricity and to the IMD of choice to xii deliver the conditioned power, thus replicating a symbiotic process. The harvested energy in the form of a time-varying tri-phase sine wave is therefore rectified, conditioned and made available for use to the IMD. The proposed 3-phase generator has a volume of 1.02 cm3 and has the potential to be implemented as a dual or quad system that doubles or quadruples the single generator power capabilities accordingly. The rectifying and conditioning circuits may be housed in a hermetically sealed container, covered with a biocompatible material such as, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or titanium, which can afford the best implantation properties such as non-absorbability, durability, hardness, and biocompatibility [4]. Additionally, the prevention of blood clotting is of paramount importance in any IMD, which can be helped, for example by treating its surface with Tethered-Liquid Perfluorocarbons (TLP) to prevent biofilm formation of the blood that typically leads to infections and clotting[5].

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-10T00:04:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoDeOliveiraAlvesRocha_TESE.pdf: 3728978 bytes, checksum: e47856c08795ec056c30763c0e338dad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-10T23:32:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoDeOliveiraAlvesRocha_TESE.pdf: 3728978 bytes, checksum: e47856c08795ec056c30763c0e338dad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T23:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoDeOliveiraAlvesRocha_TESE.pdf: 3728978 bytes, checksum: e47856c08795ec056c30763c0e338dad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os sistemas de gera??o, que utilizam fontes renov?veis, est?o se tornando cada vez mais populares devido ? necessidade do incremento do uso da energia el?trica. Atualmente, as fontes renov?veis cooperam com a gera??o convencional, em decorr?ncia da limita??o do sistema na entrega da pot?ncia requerida, da necessidade da redu??o dos efeitos indesejados das fontes que utilizam combust?veis fosseis (polui??o) e a dificuldade de constru??o de novas linhas de transmiss?o e/ou distribui??o. Esta coopera??o se d? por meio da gera??o distribu?da. Desta forma, neste trabalho s?o propostas contribui??es para o sistema de controle utilizado para a interconex?o de sistemas PV (do ingl?s, Photovoltaic) de gera??o distribu?da com a rede el?trica trif?sica, por meio de filtros de conex?o do tipo LCL. A compensa??o da qualidade de energia no ponto de acoplamento comum (PAC) ? realizada garantindo-se que a rede el?trica forne?a, ou consuma apenas pot?ncia ativa e que suas correntes possuam baixo teor harm?nico. Diferentemente das t?cnicas tradicionais, que necessitam de esquemas para a detec??o harm?nica, a t?cnica utilizada realiza a compensa??o harm?nica sem a utiliza??o desses esquemas, controlando as correntes de sa?da do sistema de uma forma indireta. Para que haja um efetivo controle da tens?o do barramento CC (Corrente Cont?nua) ? utilizado o controlador robusto em modo dual DSM-PI (Proporcional Integral Dual em Modo Deslizante), que durante o transit?rio se comporta como um controlador em modo deslizante SM-PI (Proporcional Integral em Modo Deslizante), e em regime permanente se comporta como um PI (Proporcional Integral) convencional. Para o controle das correntes ? utilizado a estrat?gia de controle repetitivo, onde s?o utilizados controladores de dupla sequ?ncia (DSC) sintonizados na componente fundamental, no quinto e no s?timo harm?nico. As correntes de refer?ncia s?o alinhadas ao ?ngulo de fase do vetor tens?o da rede el?trica, obtido a partir do uso de um SRF-PLL (do ingl?s, Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop). Com o intuito de obter a m?xima pot?ncia do array fotovoltaico ? utilizado um algoritmo de MPPT (do ingl?s, Maximum Power Point Tracking) sem a necessidade de adi??o de sensores. Resultados experimentais s?o apresentados para demonstrar a efic?cia do sistema de controle proposto. / Generation systems, using renewable sources, are becoming increasingly popular due to the need for increased use of electricity. Currently, renewables sources have a role to cooperate with conventional generation, due to the system limitation in delivering the required power, the need for reduction of unwanted effects from sources that use fossil fuels (pollution) and the difficulty of building new transmission and/or distribution lines. This cooperation takes place through distributed generation. Therefore, this work proposes a control strategy for the interconnection of a PV (Photovoltaic) system generation distributed with a three-phase power grid through a connection filter the type LCL. The compensation of power quality at point of common coupling (PCC) is performed ensuring that the mains supply or consume only active power and that his currents have low distorcion. Unlike traditional techniques which require schemes for harmonic detection, the technique performs the harmonic compensation without the use of this schemes, controlling the output currents of the system in an indirect way. So that there is effective control of the DC (Direct Current) bus voltage is used the robust controller mode dual DSMPI (Dual-Sliding Mode-Proportional Integral), that behaves as a sliding mode controller SM-PI (Sliding Mode-Proportional Integral) during the transition and like a conventional PI (Proportional Integral) in the steady-state. For control of current is used to repetitive control strategy, which are used double sequence controllers (DSC) tuned to the fundamental component, the fifth and seventh harmonic. The output phase current are aligned with the phase angle of the utility voltage vector obtained from the use of a SRF-PLL (Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop). In order to obtain the maximum power from the PV array is used a MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm without the need for adding sensors. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control system.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-19T12:10:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL - IGOR CAVALCANTE TORRES - 04_02_16.pdf: 6108263 bytes, checksum: d12cf897ea7f4db94d6b29273d3c061a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL - IGOR CAVALCANTE TORRES - 04_02_16.pdf: 6108263 bytes, checksum: d12cf897ea7f4db94d6b29273d3c061a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / CAPEs / Este trabalho descreve a operação e desempenho de um sistema fotovoltaico ligado à rede, alocado em um escritório comercial na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas. O gerador é composto por três subsistemas independentes, totalizando potência total de 1,6 kWp e conectada à rede elétrica local. Os subsistemas são compostos por tecnologias comerciais: Si-p e Si-m, permitindo a avaliação do desempenho operacional dessas tecnologias na condição de clima tropical marítimo. Para realizar a análise, o sistema foi particionado em três subsistemas distintos, onde inicialmente os subsistemas I e II operavam com um fator de dimensionamento de 1,42 e o subsistema III com um fator de 0,98. Cada arranjo dos geradores do subsistema I e II opera com quatro módulos de 140 Wp totalizando uma potência total de 560 Wp, sendo as células de silício policristalino e monocristalino, respectivamente. O subsistema III possui quatro módulos de 130 Wp, de silício policristalino totalizando 520 Wp. Para as tecnologias comerciais estudadas nos subsistemas I, II e III, sob as mesmas variabilidades climatológicas (irradiância, temperatura ambiente e velocidade do vento), condições padrão de instalação elétrica, FDI e inversores idênticos (800 W) os subsistemas I e II obtiveram os mesmo níveis de eficiência de conversão fotovoltaica máxima (13%), produtividade mensal média (145 kWh/kWp), coeficientes de desempenho bem próximos (78%). A eficiência de conversão, CCCA, para os inversores que estavam com FDI igual a 1,42, (subsistemas I e II) mostrou-se uma boa eficiência em toda a faixa de operação, entre 89 – 94%. Em contrapartida, o inversor que estava operando com um FDI igual a 0,87 (subsistema III), provou-se menos eficiente, tendo uma eficiência em torno de 81%. O desempenho operacional do seguidor do ponto de máxima potência mostrou-se ineficiente, porque o arranjo fotovoltaico estava trabalhando com tensão fixa em quase todo o tempo de operação. / This paper describes the operation and performance of a photovoltaic system connected to the network allocated on a commercial office in the city of Maceió, Alagoas. The generator consists of three independent subsystems, adding up of 1.6 kWp output installed and connected to the local power grid. The subsystems consist of commercial technologies: p-Si and m-Si, allowing the evaluation of the operating performance of these technologies in the maritime tropical climate condition. To perform the analysis the system has been partitioned into three distinct subsystems which initially subsystems I and II operated with a scale factor of 1.42 and subsystem III with a factor of 0.98. Each arrangement subsystems I and II operates four modules of 140 Wp adding up a total output of 560 Wp, using cells polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon, respectively. The subsystem III has four modules of 130 Wp polycrystalline silicon with a total of 520 Wp. For commercial technologies studied the subsystems I, II and III under the same climate variability (irradiance ambient temperature, wind speed) electrical standard conditions, FDI and inverters (800 W), subsystems I and II obtained the same level of maximum photovoltaic efficiency conversion (13%), average monthly productivity (145 kWh / kWp), coefficient of performance (78%). The conversion efficiency, DC-AC, for inversors with FDI 1.42 (subsystems I and II) had a good efficiency across the operating rate, between 89-94%. However, the inverter were operating with a FDI equal 0.87 (subsystem III), was less efficient, having an efficiency around 81%. The operating performance at the point of maximum power proved to be inefficient, because the PV system array was working with fixed voltage for almost all operating time.

This master thesis describes the design of a DC/DC converter for one photovoltaic panel with a 250 W peak power. The master thesis is divided into parts dealing with detailed design of power electronics, analog circuit design, description of control MPPT algorithms and software for control circuit. The chapter with the mathematical modeling of the converter created in the Matlab Simulink was added beyond the assignment.

Microgrids containing photovoltaic (PV) cells and wind power gain more and more interest. These microgrids may work in stand-alone mode ("islanding") or be conncted to the main grid. In both modes of operation, power quality must be monitored and controlled. This report focuses on microgrids and aims to implement a monitoring system based on FPGA. In the monitoring system, two applications can be achieved, firstly a PAS-MPPT algorithm in a DC-DC boost converter to improve the maximun power point tracking of a PV unit, and secondly a detection and switching system of the grid mode - stand-alone or connected to the main grid. Simulation results prove the Verilog programs in FPGA are suitable to be used in microgrids.