Pesquisa realizada para analisar o compósito de solo de decapagem (SD) considerado resíduos nas jazidas de minérios, em especial de calcário do município de Almirante Tamandaré, da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba neste trabalho, juntamente com o lodo e sedimentos de dragagem marinha do Porto de Antonina, no Estado do Paraná, e o uso cal virgem comum, como aglomerante pertencente à região de Almirante Tamandaré. Foram utilizados vários teores dos materiais para a determinação de 12 (doze) compósitos. Para o solo de decapagem os teores variaram entre 30% a 60%, para o material de dragagem os teores variaram entre 20% a 50% e o teor de aglomerante de cal virgem comum variou entre 15% a 30%. Foram moldadas idades de cura de 3 dias, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 180 e 365 dias. O aumento da resistência à compressão durante a cura foi proveniente das reações químicas das partículas sólidas das matérias-primas em ambiente alcalino gerando novas formações amorfas. Também foram analisados os materiais nos métodos de MEV com EDS, DRX e FRX, para a obtenção da composição química e formação estrutural dos novos compósitos. Todos os resultados da resistência à compressão uniaxial, com 28 dias de cura ao meio ambiente das 12 (doze) composições, obtiveram resultados médios de 7,7 MPa, atendendo satisfatoriamente a norma NBR 7170:1983 que determina a resistência à compressão igual ou acima de 4,0 MPa, destinada à produção de materiais de construção para alvenaria de vedação, sem fins estruturais. Comprovando o uso desses compósitos em materiais de construção civil, principalmente para os segmentos de blocos ou tijolos de vedações, sem fins estruturais, sem a necessidade de cozimento ou empreendimento de energia calorífica para a cura das peças, contribuindo para o meio ambiente e a sustentabilidade ambiental. / Research conducted to analyze the composite with pickling soil (SD), considered waste in mineral deposits, especially of limestone in the city of Almirante Tamandaré, the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba in this work, along with the sludge and marine dredging sediment from the Port of Antonina, State of Paraná, and use the common quicklime as binder belonging to the same region of Almirante Tamandaré. Various amounts of materials were used for the determination of twelve (12) composites. For the stripping soil content ranged from 30% and 60%, for the dredging material contents ranged from 20% and 50% and binder common quicklime content ranged from 15% to 30%. Were molded curing ages of 3 days, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 180 and 365 days. The increase in compressive strength during curing was derived from the chemical reactions of solid particles of raw materials in alkaline environment generating the new amorphous formations. Also the raw materials were analyzed in the SEM with EDS method, DRX and FRX, to obtain the chemical composition and formation structures of the new composite. All results of the uniaxial compressive strength, with 28 days of curing the environment of the twelve (12) compositions, obtained average results of 7.7 MPa, satisfactorily meeting the NBR 7170:1983 standard that determines the resistance to compression equal or above 4.0 MPa, for the production of building materials for sealing masonry without structural purposes. Proving the use of these composites in construction materials, especially for thread block or brick fences without structural purposes, without the need for cooking or heating energy project for the healing of parts, contributing to the environment and sustainability Environmental.

O crescimento populacional acelerado é o grande motivador para o desenvolvimento do setor da construção civil e o aumento na demanda por água potável, tendo como consequência, um aumento gradativo na geração de resíduos sólidos. Dessa forma, este trabalho foi realizado com o intuito de reciclar resíduos industriais e municipais incorporando-os em materiais para a construção civil. O compósito produzido a partir de lodo de estação de tratamento de água e lama de polimento de mármore, aplicando resíduo de produção de cal como ligante, foi avaliado quanto ao seu desempenho mecânico e sua estrutura morfológica. As matérias-primas foram caracterizadas quanto sua composição química, mineralógica,morfológica, granulométrica e, também, o teor de umidade. Com os materiais caracterizados, foram desenvolvidas nove composições variando-se o teor de lodo de estação de tratamento de água entre 25 e 50%, o teor de lama de polimento de mármore entre 35 e 50% e o resíduo de produção de cal entre 10 e 30%. Os compósitos foram submetidos a ensaios de resistência mecânica, absorção de água, análise química, mineralógica e morfológica. Os materiais desenvolvidos apresentaram, no 3° dia de cura, valor de resistência mecânica máxima de 4,65 MPa, no 7° dia 6,36 MPa, no 14° dia 6,74 MPa, no 28° dia 5,98 MPa, no 60° dia 8,52 MPa, no 90° dia 11,75 MPa e no 180° dia 12,06 MPa. Os valores de absorção de água aos 28 dias de cura variaram de 16,27 a 26,32% e aos 90 dias, de 13,57 a 23,56%. / The rapid population growth is the great motivator for the development of the construction industry and the increased demand for drinking water, resulting in a gradual increase in the generation of solid waste. Thus, this work was carried out in order to recycle industrial and municipal wastes incorporating them into materials for civil construction. The composite produced from water treatment sludge and marble polishing mud, applying lime production waste as a binder, was evaluated for its mechanical performance and its morphological structure. The raw materials were characterized for their chemical composition, mineralogy, morphology, particle size and also the moisture content. With the featured materials nine compositions have been developed varying the content of the water treatment sludge between 25 to 50%, marble polishing mud between 35 to 50% and the lime production waste between 10 to 30%. The composites were subjected to mechanical strength tests, water absorption, chemical and mineralogical composition and morphology. The developed materials presented, on the 3rd day of hydration, maximum strength value of 4.65 MPa, the 7th day 6.36 MPa, on the 14th day 6.74 MPa, the 28th day 5.98 MPa, on the 60th day 8.52 MPa at 90th day 11.75 MPa and 180th day 12.06 MPa. The water absorption values after 28 days of hydration ranged from 16.27% to 26.32% and after 90 days, from 13.57% to 23.56%.

L'étude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des flux sédimentaires sous l'influence des forçages naturels et des activités de chalutage a été entreprise à l'échelle du plateau continental du Golfe de Gascogne, en associant des données in situ et une modélisation numérique 3D déterministe. Deux campagnes en mer spécifiques ont été menées pour quantifier les impacts physiques induits par un chalut professionnel au niveau de la Grande-Vasière, en termes de remise en suspension (panache turbide), et de perturbation de la structure et de la nature du sédiment superficiel. Ces données ont permis d'estimer à 0.13 kg.m-2 le taux d'érosion moyen. Leur croisement avec des données d'effort de pêche a conduit à une cartographie mensuelle du flux d'érosion par chalutage. D'autre part, un modèle hydro-sédimentaire 3D réaliste a été mis en place et calibré à partir de mesures au point fixe. Une attention particulière a été accordée au paramétrage de l'érosion naturelle sous l'influence combinée des vagues et des courants. Une nouvelle formulation de la loi d'érosion adaptée aux mélanges de sable fin et de vase classiquement rencontrés sur les plateaux continentaux a été proposée et a permis d'optimiser significativement la réponse du modèle en termes de turbidité. Deux simulations de 5 ans ont été réalisées en incluant ou non l'influence du chalutage de fond, dans le but de quantifier et comparer les contributions relatives des forçages naturels et anthropique sur les flux verticaux (érosion) et horizontaux (transport solide) de sédiments. La variabilité temporelle des flux est décrite en une succession de régimes caractéristiques répondant à divers forçages (e.g. marée, vent, vagues, chalutage), et les flux résiduels saisonniers et annuels sont commentés : sans tenir compte des apports fluviaux, le flux de matériel vaseux a été estimé à 1.6 Mt/an sortant par le nord (au droit de La Pointe du Raz) et à 0.62 Mt/an vers le talus continental (au niveau de l'isobathe 180 m). / The spatio-temporal variability of sediment fluxes under the influence of natural forcings and trawling activities was assessed at the scale of the Bay of Biscay shelf, from in situ data and a 3D process-based numerical modelling. Two sea trials were carried out to quantify physical impacts induced by a professional trawling gear over an intensively trawled area of the shelf, the "Grande-Vasière", in terms of resuspension (turbid plume) and alteration of the surficial sediment nature and structure. These data enabled to estimate an average trawling-induced erosion rate of 0.13 kg.m-2. Their combination with fishing effort data led to monthly spatial distributions of trawling-induced erosion fluxes.Besides, a 3D realistic hydro-sedimentary model has been set up and calibrated from measurements acquired at a mooring station. The calibration task mainly consisted in assessing the natural erosion law setting under the influence of waves and currents. A new formulation of the erosion law has been proposed to describe the erosion of any mixture of mud and fine sand (sediment facies classically encountered on continental shelves) and led to a noteworthy improvement of the model response in terms of turbidity. Two 5-year simulations were performed accounting for natural forcings only or both natural and anthropogenic forcings in order to quantify and compare their respective contributions to sediment fluxes (vertical and horizontal sediment dynamics). The temporal variability of sediment fluxes is described in a succession of typical regimes occurring in response to various conditions of forcings (e.g. tide, wind, wave, trawling), and residual fluxes are assessed at seasonal and annual scales: without accounting for riverine sediment inputs, the mud flux is estimated to 1.6 Mt/yr outflowing northward (at the latitude of the Pointe du Raz) and to 0.62 Mt/yr toward the continental slope (through the 180 m isobath).

The aim of this thesis is the structural design small drilling rigs for drilling wells. Drilling rig will be used for drilling wells up to 200 mm diameter rotary drilling technology with irrigation water. The first part is a literature search of small drilling rigs. In the second part, then custom design a small drilling rig.

The Wadden Sea off the coast of the southern North Sea is the largest coherent area of tidal flats worldwide. As a highly productive ecosystem it is of global importance, e.g. as nursery for fish and as a feeding and resting area for 10 – 12 million migratory birds following the East Atlantic Flyway. The outstanding ecological significance of this region corresponds to a high level of protection by EU directives and national law and by inscription as UNESCO World Heritage Site, all of which requires regular monitoring and assessment. Apart from the ecological aspects, the Wadden Sea is also of great importance for coastal protection. To survey the extensive, often inaccessible tidal area, remote sensing is essential and while mainly airborne techniques have been carried out for decades, now high-resolution satellite-borne sensors open up new possibilities relevant for monitoring and long-term ecological research. Especially satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors offer a high availability of acquisitions as they operate largely independently of daylight and weather. The aim of the studies presented here was to explore the use of data from the TerraSAR-X satellite to record geomorphological structures and habitats for Wadden Sea Monitoring. More than 100 TerraSAR-X acquisitions from 2009 to 2016 were analyzed to distinguish various and variable surface types continuously influenced by tidal dynamics in the main study area, the tidal flats near the island of Norderney. Visual image interpretation supported by extensive in-situ verification proved to be a suitable and unsophisticated approach which is unspecific enough to identify mussel beds, fields of shell-detritus, gully structures, mud fields, and intertidal bedforms in the upper flats of the East Frisian Islands. The method proved to be robust against changes in geometry of acquisition and environmental influences. Several time series of TerraSAR-X data enabled to follow inter-annual and seasonal dynamics as well as event effects (Adolph et al. 2018). The high-frequency TerraSAR-X data revealed novel evidence of an intertidal bedform shift in an easterly direction during the study period. To this aim, an unsupervised ISODATA classification of textural parameters was developed to vectorize and compare the bedforms positions in a GIS (Adolph et al. 2017a). The same intertidal bedform area was chosen as test-site for comparison of different remote sensing methods, namely airborne lidar, satellite-based radar (TerraSAR-X) and electro-optical sensors (RapidEye) (Adolph et al. 2017b). High-resolution SAR data offer a relevant component for Wadden Sea Monitoring and Research, as they provide reliable, regular data with a high repetition rate. In particular, habitats with noticeable surface roughness, specific structures and textures are well reflected. Geomorphic Structures and their dynamics can be observed indirectly via detection of residual water trapped within. A comprehensive concept for Wadden Sea Monitoring however, requires automatized classifications and an integrative, multi-sensor approach (SAR, LIDAR, multi-spectral data, drones) in which different and complementary information, coverage and resolutions (spatial and temporal) contribute to an overall picture. The studies were carried out as part of the joint research project “Scientific monitoring concepts for the German Bight” (WIMO), jointly funded by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Protection (NMU) and the Ministry of Science and Culture (NMWK) of the Federal State of Lower Saxony. The findings have been published in Geo-Marine Letters 37/2 (2017) and in Remote Sensing 10/7 (2018).

This project is a study of the wastescape - a network of waste - of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack in Odisha, India.  The study incorporates key locations, e.g. landfills, urban wastelands and waste warehouses; major actors in the formal and informal waste sector; and flows of waste through economic and social systems. Drawing from the studies, multiple interventions within the wastescape are proposed for improvement of the economic, ecologic and social situation. An important aspect of the project is the development of an approach for how to, as architects, work with big, complex, contingent networks; how to map and understand such a system; and how to determine where to intervene. To improve the existing wastescape, interventions must consciously and holistically address multiple scales; levels of formal-informal; and phases within the waste cycle. The study includes a vast amount of possible interventions. Some of the interventions are further detailed to show feasibility; impact on the wastescape; and synergies with other interventions within the wastescape. / Projektet “Wastescape of Bhubaneswar & Cuttack” är en studie av ett nätverk av skräpflöden genom Bhubaneswar och Cuttack i Odisha, Indien. Studien inkorporerar viktiga platser, t.ex. deponier, urbana ödemarker och lokaler för skräphandel; stora aktörer i den formella och informella skräpsektorn; och flöden av skräp genom ekonomiska och sociala system. Utifrån dessa studier, ett flertal interventioner i “the wastescape” föreslås för att förbättra den ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala situationen. En viktig aspekt av arbetet är utvecklingen av ett sätt att, som arkitekt, arbeta med storskaliga, komplexa och inter-beroende nätverk; hur sådana system kan kartläggas och förstås; samt hur det går att avgöra vart och hur interventioner passar in i “the wastescape”. För att förbättra “the wastescape”, interventioner måste medvetet och holistiskt adressera multipla skalor; nivåer av formell-informell; och faser i skräpets kretslopp. Studien innehåller ett stort nummer av möjliga interventioner. Några av dessa interventioner är ytterligare detaljerade för att visa på genomförbarhet; påverkan på “the wastescape”; och synergier gentemot andra interventioner i “the wastescape”.

The goal of this project was to develop novel bacterial biomarkers for use in an industrial context. These biomarkers would be used to determine aluminium industry activity impact on a local ecosystem. Sediment bacterial communities of the Saguenay River are subjected to industrial effluent produced by industry in Jonquière, QC. In-situ responses of these communities to effluent exposure were measured and evaluated as potential biomarker candidates for exposure to past and present effluent discharge. Bacterial community structure and composition between control and affected sites were investigated. Differences observed between the communities were used as indicators of a response to industrial activity through exposure to effluent by-products. Diversity indices were not significantly different between sites with increased effluent exposure. However, differences were observed with the inclusion of algae and cyanobacteria. UniFrac analyses indicated that a control (NNB) and an affected site (Site 2) were more similar to one another with regard to community structure than either was to a medially affected site (Site 5) (Figure 2.4). We did not observe a signature of the microbial community structure that could be predicted with effluent exposure. Microbial community function in relation to bacterial mercury resistance (HgR) was also evaluated as a specific response to the mercury component present in sediments. Novel PCR primers and amplification conditions were developed to amplify merP, merT and merA genes belonging to the mer-operon which confers HgR (Table 5.6). To our knowledge, the roles of merP and merT have not been explored as possible tools to confirm the presence of the operon. HgR gene abundance in sediment microbial communities was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to total mercury levels (Figure 3.4) but gene expression was not measurable. We could not solely attribute the release of Hg0 from sediments in bioreactor experiments to a biogenic origin. However, there was a 1000 fold difference in measured Hg0 release between control and affected sites suggesting that processes of natural remediation may be taking place at contaminated sites (Figure 3.7). Abundance measurements of HgR related genes represent a strong response target to the mercury immobilized in sediments. Biomarkers built on this response can be used by industry to measure long term effects of industrially derived mercury on local ecosystems. The abundance of mer-operon genes in affected sites indicates the presence of a thriving bacterial community harbouring HgR potential. These communities have the capacity to naturally remediate the sites they occupy. This remediation could be further investigated. Additional studies will be required to develop biomarkers that are more responsive to contemporary industrial activity such as those based on the integrative oxidative stress response.

The goal of this project was to develop novel bacterial biomarkers for use in an industrial context. These biomarkers would be used to determine aluminium industry activity impact on a local ecosystem. Sediment bacterial communities of the Saguenay River are subjected to industrial effluent produced by industry in Jonquière, QC. In-situ responses of these communities to effluent exposure were measured and evaluated as potential biomarker candidates for exposure to past and present effluent discharge. Bacterial community structure and composition between control and affected sites were investigated. Differences observed between the communities were used as indicators of a response to industrial activity through exposure to effluent by-products. Diversity indices were not significantly different between sites with increased effluent exposure. However, differences were observed with the inclusion of algae and cyanobacteria. UniFrac analyses indicated that a control (NNB) and an affected site (Site 2) were more similar to one another with regard to community structure than either was to a medially affected site (Site 5) (Figure 2.4). We did not observe a signature of the microbial community structure that could be predicted with effluent exposure. Microbial community function in relation to bacterial mercury resistance (HgR) was also evaluated as a specific response to the mercury component present in sediments. Novel PCR primers and amplification conditions were developed to amplify merP, merT and merA genes belonging to the mer-operon which confers HgR (Table 5.6). To our knowledge, the roles of merP and merT have not been explored as possible tools to confirm the presence of the operon. HgR gene abundance in sediment microbial communities was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to total mercury levels (Figure 3.4) but gene expression was not measurable. We could not solely attribute the release of Hg0 from sediments in bioreactor experiments to a biogenic origin. However, there was a 1000 fold difference in measured Hg0 release between control and affected sites suggesting that processes of natural remediation may be taking place at contaminated sites (Figure 3.7). Abundance measurements of HgR related genes represent a strong response target to the mercury immobilized in sediments. Biomarkers built on this response can be used by industry to measure long term effects of industrially derived mercury on local ecosystems. The abundance of mer-operon genes in affected sites indicates the presence of a thriving bacterial community harbouring HgR potential. These communities have the capacity to naturally remediate the sites they occupy. This remediation could be further investigated. Additional studies will be required to develop biomarkers that are more responsive to contemporary industrial activity such as those based on the integrative oxidative stress response.

The goal of this project was to develop novel bacterial biomarkers for use in an industrial context. These biomarkers would be used to determine aluminium industry activity impact on a local ecosystem. Sediment bacterial communities of the Saguenay River are subjected to industrial effluent produced by industry in Jonquière, QC. In-situ responses of these communities to effluent exposure were measured and evaluated as potential biomarker candidates for exposure to past and present effluent discharge. Bacterial community structure and composition between control and affected sites were investigated. Differences observed between the communities were used as indicators of a response to industrial activity through exposure to effluent by-products. Diversity indices were not significantly different between sites with increased effluent exposure. However, differences were observed with the inclusion of algae and cyanobacteria. UniFrac analyses indicated that a control (NNB) and an affected site (Site 2) were more similar to one another with regard to community structure than either was to a medially affected site (Site 5) (Figure 2.4). We did not observe a signature of the microbial community structure that could be predicted with effluent exposure. Microbial community function in relation to bacterial mercury resistance (HgR) was also evaluated as a specific response to the mercury component present in sediments. Novel PCR primers and amplification conditions were developed to amplify merP, merT and merA genes belonging to the mer-operon which confers HgR (Table 5.6). To our knowledge, the roles of merP and merT have not been explored as possible tools to confirm the presence of the operon. HgR gene abundance in sediment microbial communities was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to total mercury levels (Figure 3.4) but gene expression was not measurable. We could not solely attribute the release of Hg0 from sediments in bioreactor experiments to a biogenic origin. However, there was a 1000 fold difference in measured Hg0 release between control and affected sites suggesting that processes of natural remediation may be taking place at contaminated sites (Figure 3.7). Abundance measurements of HgR related genes represent a strong response target to the mercury immobilized in sediments. Biomarkers built on this response can be used by industry to measure long term effects of industrially derived mercury on local ecosystems. The abundance of mer-operon genes in affected sites indicates the presence of a thriving bacterial community harbouring HgR potential. These communities have the capacity to naturally remediate the sites they occupy. This remediation could be further investigated. Additional studies will be required to develop biomarkers that are more responsive to contemporary industrial activity such as those based on the integrative oxidative stress response.

Im interested in the topic of praying machine, because I want to analyze aspects of photography and its functions. It's known, that the reality is manipulated by photography. Bud we can also say, that the relationship between reality and photography is neutral in fact, that the manipulation is made by our interpretation of photography. The change of the reality can be realized just in the dialog between photography and reality. Can it be, that the mechanization change into the will? Does it prays praying mill or the buddhistic monk, who rotates the mill? When he believes into it, is it enough? Or is it enough if believes who watch the monk with his mill? ... The computers from he place A are "praying" the prayers from the place B. With Tomáš Javůrek we collaborated with Vladimír Veselý and Radek Lát to create the Game for re-articulation our reality on the base of the revision of our faith.