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Heranças patrimonialistas, (dis)funções burocráticas, práticas gerenciais e os novos arranjos do estado em rede: entendendo a configuração atual da administração pública brasileiraCosta, Gustavo Pereira da 02 July 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-07-02 / This study aims understand the current configuration of the Brazilian public administration based on the identification of their characterizing attributes, taking as starting point the rejecting idea of rigid models and rupture between these models. The theoretical paths crossed and culminating with the construction of a preliminary theoretical framework, originally beheld: historical-conceptual analysis of the relationships between society, state and public administration, the analysis of the formation of the Brazilian state since the colonial period to the present day, the presentation of the settings of Brazilian public administration enshrined in literature and their attributes. They were subsequently rescued the theoretical of patrimonial public administration from the Weberian notion of domination by equity contributions of some interpreters of Brazilian social thought in the light of national experience. We present the theoretical bases of bureaucratic public administration from the Weberian ideal type of rational-legal domination until the reading of the implementation process and development in Brazil. Were also exposed the theoretical management of public administration, from its origin in the world by the effects of his inaugural in Brazil, the Master Plan for Reforming the State. The research, largely qualitative, took three types: bibliographic, documental and field. The field survey was processed through nine interviews with semi-structured itinerary, with experts in public administration in Brazil. For documentary research, were selected primarily primary sources with emphasis on official documents, but also materials and reports on websites, newspapers and magazines. After analyzing the content of the interviews and documents was reached four themes, each one with their respective units of significance, which allowed the identification of attributes present in the Brazilian public administration and set your configuration, they are: a) herenças patrimonial, which were the top-down (the personalization of power), patronage, favoritism and corruption culture; b) bureaucratic (dys)functions, which were the formalism, the hierarchy of positions and functions, the professionalization of the administrative frame and (im) personality), c) management practices, which were the search for effectiveness, the techniques of management, governance and management transparent and participatory, and d) new arrangements of the network state, which were the Global State, the culture virtuality, the logic of networks and electronic government. These axes allowed the construction of an end frame of analysis that demonstrates the presence of attributes patrimonialistic, bureaucratic and managerial positions in Brazilian public administration, and also attributes of what is called e-government network, the main finding of the research, which explains its multiple configuration. / O objetivo do trabalho é compreender a configuração atual da administração pública brasileira a partir da identificação dos seus atributos caracterizadores, tomando como ponto de partida a rejeição da ideia de modelos rígidos e de ruptura entre esses modelos. Os caminhos teóricos percorridos, e que culminaram com a construção de um quadro teórico preliminar, contemplaram inicialmente: a análise histórico-conceitual das relações entre sociedade, Estado e administração pública; a análise da formação do Estado brasileiro desde o período colonial até os dias atuais; a apresentação das configurações da administração pública brasileira, consagradas pela literatura e seus respectivos atributos. Em seguida, foram resgatadas as bases teóricas da administração pública patrimonial, desde a ideia weberiana de dominação patrimonial até as contribuições de alguns interpretes do pensamento social brasileiro à luz da experiência nacional. Foram apresentadas as bases teóricas da administração pública burocrática, desde o tipo ideal weberiano de dominação racional-legal até a releitura do seu processo de implementação e desenvolvimento no Brasil. Também foram expostas as bases teóricas da administração pública gerencial, desde sua origem a nível mundial até os efeitos de seu marco inaugural no Brasil, o Plano Diretor da Reforma do Aparelho do Estado. A pesquisa, predominantemente qualitativa, assumiu três tipologias: bibliográfica, documental e de campo, permitindo o emprego da triangulação. A pesquisa de campo processou-se por meio de nove entrevistas, com roteiro semi-estruturado, com experts em administração pública brasileira. Para a pesquisa documental, foram selecionadas, primordialmente fontes primárias, com ênfase em documentos oficiais, mas também matérias e reportagens em sites, jornais e revistas. Após a análise do conteúdo das entrevistas e dos documentos, chegou-se a quatro eixos temáticos, cada qual com suas respectivas unidades de significado, que permitiram identificar os atributos presentes na administração pública brasileira e definir sua configuração, são eles: a) heranças patrimonialistas, sendo elas o mandonismo (a personalização do poder), o clientelismo, o favoritismo e a cultura da corrupção; b) (dis)funções burocráticas, sendo elas o formalismo, a hierarquia de cargos e funções, a profissionalização do quadro administrativo e a (im)pessoalidade); c) práticas gerenciais, sendo elas a busca da efetividade, as técnicas do management, a governança e a gestão transparente e participativa; e d) novos arranjos do Estado em rede, sendo elas o Estado Global, a cultura da virtualidade, a lógica das redes e o governo eletrônico. Esses eixos permitiram a construção de um quadro final de interpretações que demonstra a presença de atributos patrimonialistas, burocráticos e gerenciais na administração pública brasileira, e também atributos do que se chama de administração pública em rede, principal achado da pesquisa, o que explica a sua configuração múltipla.
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Quantum dynamics and laser control for photochemistry / Dynamique quantique et contrôle par laser pour la photochimieSala, Matthieu 08 April 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur la description théorique de processus dynamiques ultra-rapides de molécules polyatomiques et de leur contrôle par impulsions laser. Nous avons d’abord étudié la photochimie de l’aniline à l’aide de calculs de structure électronique. Nous avons d´écrit plusieurs régions clé des surfaces d’énergie potentielle et analysé ces résultats en relation avec les données expérimentales existantes. La photochimie de la pyrazine a été étudiée par des calculs de dynamiques quantique basés sur un Hamiltonien modèle incluant les quatre états électroniques excités de plus basse énergie et seize modes de vibration. Nous montrons que l’état sombre Au(nπ∗) joue un rôle important dans la dynamique de la molécule après photo-excitation. Un modèle simplifié à deux états et quatre modes a été utilisé pour étudier le contrôle par laser de la dynamique de la pyrazine photo-excitée. Nous proposons un mécanisme visant à augmenter la durée de vie de l’état B2u(ππ∗) en utilisant l’effet Stark induit par une impulsion laser intense non-résonante. / The central subject of this thesis is the theoretical description of ultrafast dynamical processes in molecular systems of chemical interest and of their control by laser pulses. We first use electronic structure calculations to study the photochemistry of aniline. A umber of previously unknown features of the potential energy surfaces of the low-lying elec-tronic states are reported, and analyzed in relation with the experimental results available. We use quantum dynamics simulations, based on a model Hamiltonian including the four lowest excited electronic states and sixteen vibrational modes, to investigate the photochem-istry of pyrazine. We show that the dark Au(nπ∗) state plays an important role in the ultrafast dynamics of the molecule after photoexcitation. The laser control of the excited state dynamics of pyrazine is studied using a simplified two-state four-mode model Hamiltonian. We propose a control mechanism to enhance the lifetime of the bright B2u(ππ∗) state using the Stark effect induced by a strong non-resonant laser pulse. We finally focus on the laser control of the tunneling dynamics of the NHD2 molecule, using accurate full-dimensional potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. We use simple effective Hamiltonians to explore the effect of the laser parameters on the dynamics and design suitable laser fields to achieve the control. These laser fields are then used in MCTDH quantum dynamics simulations. Both enhancement and suppression of tunneling are achieved in our model.
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