Assessment of the myriad of historic attempts to manage and/or restore degraded drylands offers a rich opportunity to learn from the past, particularly if conducted with full stakeholder engagement. Participatory environmental assessment of past land management and restoration actions would contribute to the improvement of future management techniques in a way relevant to the concerns of people involved with or impacted by these actions. This can also help to deal with the often scant information available, conflicting values and perceptions among stakeholders, and the uncertainties inherent to complex dryland systems. In this study I applied and evaluated a participatory protocol that incorporated multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools to assess five actions in the San Simon watershed, one of the most extreme examples of degradation and human intervention in southeastern Arizona (U.S.). The participatory assessment process included a semi-structured interview, elicitation of local-based assessment criteria, prioritization of the assessment criteria, estimation of data, a MCDA-based integration and group evaluation of final results. The process was used to evaluate five combinations of grazing management, vegetation management and hydraulic structures implemented between the 1940s and 1980s. The application of this process allowed me to not only evaluate these actions in a participatory way, but also to identify and compare values and perceptions connected to the historic, cultural and scientific narratives used by three different categories of stakeholders (researchers, practitioners and land users). The revised Simos' procedure used to elicit assessment criteria weights proved useful to expose values and perceptions, source of the individual criteria priorities, while revealing conflictive points of views among the stakeholders. The outranking-facilitated participatory assessment, when compared to the unaided baseline assessment, proved useful in making stakeholder preferences explicit in the form of evaluation criteria and weights, while incorporating data and uncertainty. The specific MCDA outranking integration model used, ELECTRE IS, proved to be simple and systematically synthetic, helping stakeholders structure and re-evaluate their unaided assessments. The results of this study provide insights in how stakeholders' knowledge and views can be elicited, explored and effectively incorporated to assess and learn from past land management and restoration actions implemented in drylands.

Cette thèse s'appuie sur deux axes. L'un appliqué traite de la création d'un indicateur dont le but est d'évaluer la gravité attendue des conséquences d'un scénario de pollution accidentelle. J'ai choisi d'utiliser des outils méthodologiques appartenant au domaine de l'aide multi-critères à la décision pour traiter ce premier sujet. Ce problème impliquant plusieurs disciplines scientifiques, j'ai choisi de le diviser en plusieurs sous-problèmes à travers une arborescence de critères. J'ai également impliqué plusieurs experts, notamment en toxicologie et en écologie afin de mieux prendre en compte les aspects liés à ces deux disciplines dans la création de cet indicateur.L'étude des méthodes de tri multicritère effectuée lors des recherches sur le premier axe m'a amené à en proposer une nouvelle que j'ai nommé algorithme du Dominance Based Monte Carlo (DBMC). Cet algorithme a comme particularités de n'être pas fondé sur un modèle et de fonctionner de manière stochastique. Nous avons étudié ses propriétés théoriques, en particulier nous avons démontré qu'en dépit de sa nature stochastique, le résultat de l'algorithme Dominance Based Monte Carlo converge presque sûrement. Nous avons également étudié son comportement et ses performances pratiques à travers un test nommé k-fold cross validation et les avons comparés aux performances d'autres algorithmes d'élicitation des préférences pour le tri multi-critères. / This thesis is based on two main axes. The first one deals with the creation of an indicator that aims at evaluating the expected severity of the consequences of a scenario of accidental pollution. In order to create this methodology ofevaluation, I chose to use methodological tools from multi-criteria decision aiding. So as to deal with the complexity of this problem, i decided to split it into several sub-problems using a hierarchy of criteria, being mainly inspired by the "value focused thinking approach". In this work, I interacted with several experts in toxicology and in ecology in order to betterdeal with every aspect of this problem.While studying several elicitation methods for the multi-criteria sorting problem, I proposed a new one that I named Dominance Based Monte Carlo algorithm (DBMC), which brings me to the secons axis of this thesis. This elicitation algorithm has two main specificities: being model free and a stochastic functionning. In this thesis, we study its theoretical properties. In particular, we prove that despite its stochastic nature, the result of the Dominance Based Monte Carlo algorithm converges almost surely. We also study its practical performances through a test named k-fold validation and we compared these performances to those of other elicitation algorithms for the sorting problem.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-11T12:41:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VICTOR VIDAL NEGREIROS BEZERRA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PROFIAP-CCJS) 2016.pdf: 3966281 bytes, checksum: 545852b43a64e3cdd977c00aa9db9066 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T12:41:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VICTOR VIDAL NEGREIROS BEZERRA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PROFIAP-CCJS) 2016.pdf: 3966281 bytes, checksum: 545852b43a64e3cdd977c00aa9db9066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19 / A avaliação de desempenho no contexto municipal tem se apresentado como uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento e melhoria da gestão pública nesse nível federativo. Apesar disso, as avaliações do desempenho municipal têm se fundamentado em metodologias onde somente poucos critérios avaliativos são considerados e processados. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou cooperar no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de avalições de desempenho municipal através das técnicas multicritério de apoio a decisão. Tomando como base os indicadores de gasto per capita nas 28 funções de governo, este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar uma metodologia multicritério de avaliação de desempenho para medir a performance de 12 municípios do estado da Paraíba. Através da aplicação do método multicritério PROMETHEE II, foi possível identificar a aplicabilidade desse tipo de metodologia no contexto da avaliação de desempenho de municípios. A análise estatística dos dados obtidos para os anos de 2014 e 2015 mostram que algumas áreas de atuação governamental, a exemplo de Saneamento, Segurança Pública e Gestão Ambiental tem recebido menor ênfase na aplicação de recursos públicos, enquanto que áreas como Administração, Saúde e Educação tem recebido maior destaque na alocação desses recursos. Já na aplicação do método multicritério PROMETHEE II, foi possível identificar rankings de desempenho capazes de verificar e comparar de forma global a performance dos municípios estudados. / The performance measurement in the municipal context has emerged as an important tool for the development and improvement of public administration in a federal level. Nevertheless, assessments of municipal performance have been based on methodologies where only a few evaluative criteria are considered and processed. In this sense, this study sought to cooperate in the development and improvement of municipal performance measurement through Multi-Criteria Decision Aiding Techniques. Based on the per capita spending indicators in 28 functions of government, this study aimed to apply a multi-criteria methodology of performance evaluation to measure the performance of 12 municipalities in the state of Paraiba. By applying the multi-criteria method PROMETHEE II, it was possible to identify the applicability of this type of methodology in assessing the performance of municipalities. The statistical analysis of the data for the years 2014 and 2015 show that some areas of government action, such as Sanitation, Public Safety and Environmental Management have received less emphasis in the use of public funds, while areas such as administration, health and education have received the most attention in the allocation of these resources. In the application of the multi-criteria method PROMETHEE II, it was possible to identify performance rankings that were able to check and compare globally the performance of the studied municipalities.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-10-07T19:57:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disssert Leandro Peçanha de Souza.pdf: 11466487 bytes, checksum: 099df51af11e59887ad31dab009228a8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-01-26T12:26:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disssert Leandro Peçanha de Souza.pdf: 11466487 bytes, checksum: 099df51af11e59887ad31dab009228a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T12:26:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disssert Leandro Peçanha de Souza.pdf: 11466487 bytes, checksum: 099df51af11e59887ad31dab009228a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-05 / A alta concorrência e a necessidade crescente de melhores resultados com recursos cada vez mais reduzidos impõem que as empresas selecionem e invistam em projetos que tenham maior potencial para gerar vantagem competitiva. O Comitê de TI (Tecnologia da Informação) é uma das estruturas de Governança de TI mais elementares e utilizadas nas organizações para potencializar o desempenho da TI, sendo que uma das suas principais atribuições consiste em priorizar os projetos de TI. Definir com clareza um portfólio alinhado aos objetivos estratégicos, não levando em conta somente fatores financeiros ou exclusivamente técnicos, é um problema de decisão multicritério complexo. Este estudo pretende demonstrar a utilização de uma metodologia de Apoio Multicritério à Decisão (AMD) através da aplicação de um método híbrido composto pelo AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) e TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), que permitirá ordenar (ranking) os projetos de investimento do portfólio da TI / The high competition and growing need for the best results with increasingly limited resources require companies to select and invest in projects that have the greatest potential to create a competitive advantage. The IT Committee (Information Technology) is one of the most basic IT Governance structures and is used in organizations to enhance IT performance, since one of its main attributes is prioritizing IT projects. Clearly defining a portfolio aligned to strategic objectives, taking into account not only financial or purely technical factors, is a complex multi-criteria problem for decision-making. This study aims to demonstrate the use of a Multi-criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) methodology, by applying a hybrid method composed of the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), which will allow for sorting (ranking) IT portfolio investment projects