CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a pobreza considerando caracterÃsticas econÃmicas, de capital humano, de infraestrutura e meio ambiente no estado do Cearà sob uma Ãtica multidimensional. Para tal finalidade, calculou-se o Ãndice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM) para os 184 municÃpios a partir de dados secundÃrios obtidos no IPECE, IBGE e PNUD, considerando os anos de 2000 e 2010. O Ãndice calculado foi composto por indicadores divididos em quatro funcionamentos: capital humano, economia, infraestrutura e ambiente. ApÃs a formulaÃÃo do IPM, os municÃpios foram agrupados em trÃs clusters: a primeira abrangeu os municÃpios em melhor situaÃÃo (IPM variando entre 0,00 e 47,00); a segunda envolveu aqueles valores de IPM intermediÃrio (IPM variando entre 47,01 a 69,19); e a terceira agrupou os municÃpios com os piores valores do Ãndice (IPM variando entre 69,20 e 100,00). Na anÃlise dos resultados, pode-se observar que o IPM para o Estado decresceu ao longo dos anos estudados, porÃm o funcionamento ambiental foi o que menos contribuiu para a melhoria do Ãndice. Este fato deve-se, principalmente, aos indicadores de Ãndice de DistribuiÃÃo de Chuvas (IDC) e escoamento superficial. Isso demonstra que a escassez de chuva sempre foi e continua sendo um agravante da pobreza. Com isso, pode-se concluir que, para que ocorram melhorias efetivas e duradouras no Ãndice de pobreza do CearÃ, à necessÃrio que haja uma ampliaÃÃo das polÃticas de convivÃncia com a seca, ao invÃs das polÃticas de cunho assistencialista e imediatistas que sÃo ainda mais preponderantes no estado. / This work aimed to analyze poverty considering economic features, human capital, infrastructure and the environment in the state of Cearà in a multidimensional optical. For this purpose, was calculated the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) for 184 municipalities from secondary data obtained in IPECE, IBGE and UNDP, considering the years of 2000 and 2010. The calculated index was composed of indicators divided into four functionings: human capital, economic, infrastructure and environment. After formulation of MPI, municipalities were grouped into three clusters: the first included municipalities with better situation (IPM ranging between 0,00 and 47,00); the second involved those intermediate values of IPM (IPM ranging from 47,01 to 69,19); and the third grouped the municipalities with the worst index values (IPM ranging between 69,20 and 100,00). In analysis of the results, it can be observed that the IPM to the state decreased over years studied, but the environmental functioning was that less contributed to the improvement of the index. This fact is mainly due to the indicators of Rainfall Distribution Index (RDI) and surface runoff. This demonstrates that the scarcity of rain has always been and continues to be an aggravating poverty. With this it can be concluded that, to occur effective and durable improvements in the poverty index of Cearà is necessary expand of policies of dealing with drought, instead of assistantial policies and short-term nature that are even more preponderant in the State.

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-07-16T21:15:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o para ultima corre??o (3).pdf: 8210800 bytes, checksum: 2f186472ce00a47a34af4f5157ca59ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T21:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o para ultima corre??o (3).pdf: 8210800 bytes, checksum: 2f186472ce00a47a34af4f5157ca59ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Faced with the transformation?s processes of the Brazilian economy, especially the policies that aimed at industrialization from the 1930s, and more intensely from the 1950s, the issue of urban poverty emerges as problematic in the country. At 1970s, the policies of trade integration and the productive deconcentration, whose made advance upon the national territory the typical productive dynamics of capitalism, it had expanded the urban network in the states, that, underwent a later industrialization. Added to this are the regional development policies and the growth of medium-sized cities, that became like knots of the urban web, assuming regional importance. In this scenario, Feira de Santana went through an accelerated process of population and economic growth, entailing the constitution of an urban scenario full of contradictions. Faced of this process, the present work deals with the theme of Urban Poverty in Feira de Santana, having as aim understanding better its characteristics and analyzing its spatial distribution in the territory of the municipality, especially in the area of the city. For this purpose, the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was applied with aggregation within the census tracts, which allows the observation of the results at a smaller level than the neighborhood, making it possible to observe the contrasts of poverty inside and in the whole the urban area. The results obtained with the IPM, besides indicating the areas of concentration of greater poverty, was analyzed by the light of the formulations on the "pattern" of urbanization in dependent countries which present specificities in this process. In this way, it was possible to observe that the areas of concentration of poverty in the city of Feira de Santana are located in the most distant regions of the city center, taking the Anel de Contorno as a limit to be observed among the areas with the highest poverty index, since the census tracts with the highest level of deprivation in the analyzed baseline indicators and in the MPI are located in the area outside of that Anel. These results indicate a tendency that corroborates with the formulations about the process of urbanization in dependent countries, which points to a process of removal of the poorest population from the central areas, forming a peripheralization effect / Diante dos processos de transforma??o da economia brasileira, em especial as pol?ticas que visavam a industrializa??o a partir da d?cada de 1930, e mais intensamente a partir da d?cada de 1950, emerge como problem?tica no pa?s a quest?o da pobreza urbana. J? nos anos de 1970 as pol?ticas de integra??o comercial e desconcentra??o produtiva fizeram com que avan?asse sobre o territ?rio nacional a din?mica produtiva tipicamente capitalista, ampliando a rede urbana nos estados que passaram por uma industrializa??o mais tardia. Soma-se a isso as pol?ticas de desenvolvimento regional e crescimento de cidades m?dias, que se constituem como n?s da teia urbana, assumindo import?ncia regional. Nesse cen?rio, Feira de Santana passou por um processo acelerado de crescimento populacional e econ?mico, acarretando na constitui??o de um cen?rio urbano carregado de contradi??es. Diante desse processo, o presente trabalho trata da tem?tica da Pobreza Urbana em Feira de Santana, com o objetivo de compreender melhor suas caracter?sticas e analisar sua distribui??o espacial no territ?rio do munic?pio, em especial na ?rea da cidade. Para tanto, foi aplicado o ?ndice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM) com agrega??o no ?mbito dos setores censit?rios, que permite a observa??o dos resultados no n?vel menor que o bairro, possibilitando a observa??o dos contrastes da pobreza no seu interior e no conjunto da ?rea urbana. Os resultados obtidos com o IPM, al?m de indicarem as ?reas de concentra??o de maior pobreza, foram analisados a luz das formula??es sobre o ?padr?o? de urbaniza??o em pa?ses dependentes, que apresentam especificidades nesse processo. Dessa maneira, foi poss?vel observar que as ?reas de concentra??o da pobreza na cidade de Feira de Santana est?o situadas nas regi?es mais distantes do centro da cidade, tendo o Anel de Contorno como um limite a ser observado entre as ?reas com maior ?ndice de pobreza, pois os setores censit?rios que apresentam maior n?vel de priva??o nos indicadores base analisados e no IPM est?o situados na ?rea externa a esse Anel. Esses resultados indicam uma tend?ncia que corrobora com as formula??es acerca do processo de urbaniza??o em pa?ses dependentes, que aponta para um processo de afastamento da popula??o mais pobre das ?reas centrais, configurando um efeito de periferiza??o

Submitted by Leonardo Paulino Betanho (lbetanho@gmail.com) on 2018-03-02T17:36:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPE - Leonardo Paulino Betanho.pdf: 1207708 bytes, checksum: cd915db1d7cb29b1153ad6aad1c319ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-03-02T17:43:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPE - Leonardo Paulino Betanho.pdf: 1207708 bytes, checksum: cd915db1d7cb29b1153ad6aad1c319ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T17:57:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPE - Leonardo Paulino Betanho.pdf: 1207708 bytes, checksum: cd915db1d7cb29b1153ad6aad1c319ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-30 / Este trabalho busca entender se o recente crescimento econômico brasileiro nos primeiros anos do novo milênio, além de possibilitar a queda da pobreza unidimensional, centrada na renda, também se refletiu na melhora da qualidade de vida da população abaixo da linha da pobreza. Para responder a essa pergunta é utilizado o debate metodológico atual sobre modelos multidimensionais, os quais abarcam mais do que a dimensão financeira dos indivíduos. Assim, o Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) utilizado nos relatórios anuais do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) é aplicado para o período entre 2001 e 2015, possibilitando a comparação entre as reduções da pobreza multidimensional e unidimensional. / This paper aim to understand if the brazilian recent economic growth in the first years of the new millennium, in addition to enabling unidimensional poverty reduction – income centered - also reflected in the improvement of the quality of life of the population below the poverty line. To answer this question we use the current methodological debate on multidimensional models - which embrance more than the financial dimension of individuals life. Thus, the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) used in the annual reports of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is applied for the period between 2001 and 2015, making it possible to compare multidimensional and unidimensional poverty reductions.

Gleichzeitig mit der weit verbreiteten Verwendung von traditionellen einkommens- oder konsumbasierten Maßnahmen zur Messung menschlicher Armut und Entwicklung gibt es seit den späten 70er Jahren zunehmendes Interesse an der Ökonomie des Glücks. Ebenso gibt es einen breiten Literaturbereich, der Indizes definiert und diskutiert hat, die „functionings" auf der Grundlage des „Capabilities Approach“ von Sen (1985) auf sich vereinen, welche auf einer Vielzahl von ideologischen Urteilen und Zielen zur Bestimmung des objektiven Wohlbefindens (1984), S. 187) beruhen. Beide Ansätze sind ähnlich in ihrer Prämisse, dass Einkommen oft eine unzureichende Determinante des Wohlbefindens ist – ein latenter Begriff, dass besser mit anderen, breiteren Definitionen- subjektiv oder objektiviert- erfasst wird. Beide Konzepte des Wohlbefindens wurden im Hinblick auf ihr Verhältnis zum Einkommen untersucht, und es wurde ein klarer Unterschied zwischen Einkommen und diesen beiden Maßnahmen festgestellt. Angesichts der relativen Neuheit und Komplexität beider Ansätze sind sie jedoch bislang selten in wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zusammengebracht worden. Den dritten Aufsatz in dieser Arbeit ist ein Versuch, diese beiden Ansätze zu kombinieren und damit diese Lücke in der Literatur zu erfüllen. Subjektives Wohlbefinden wird mit verfügbaren Daten, die Zufriedenheit messen, festelegt, während das objektive Wohlbefinden durch einen Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) operationalisiert wird (Alkire & Santos, 2010). Der MPI ist einer der neuesten Versuche zur Messung des menschlichen Wohlbefindens im Rahmen des Capabilities Approach. Die Entwicklungspolitik erkennt ebenfalls graduell diese Maße als eine genauere Beschreibung des Wohlbefindens an, oder betrachtet diese zumindest als eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zu metrisch-monetären Maßen. Angesichts der vielen nationalen und internationalen Programme, die eine umfassende Verbesserung des menschlichen Wohlbefindens zum Ziel haben, gibt es erstaunlich wenige Arbeiten, die dazu beitragen können, die Auswirkungen eines bestimmten Programms auf das allgemeine Wohlbefinden und nicht nur auf eine bestimmte Dimension zu quantifizieren und zu bewerten. Der zweite Aufsatz in dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich kritisch mit diesem Ansatz und betrachtet dabei den besonderen Fall Südafrikas. Aufgrund der steigenden Beliebtheit der mehrdimensionalen Armutsmaße besteht ein zunehmender Bedarf an einer Überprüfung ihrer grundlegenden Eigenschaft, ebendies zu erreichen. Eine wachsende Zahl von Forschern hat sich mit den Problemen beschäftigt, die ein zusammengesetztes Maß wie der MPI mit sich bringen kann und dessen Fähigkeit zur Messung multidimensionalen Wohlbefindens beeinträchtigen kann. Ein bestimmter Aspekt ist hierbei die Gewichtung der einzelnen Dimensionen und Indikatoren, um Armut über verschiedene Regionen hinweg zu definieren. Diese Dissertation schafft in Aufsatz eins eine Brücke zwischen den statistischen Methoden und den optimalen Gewichtungsschemata, die speziell zur Messung des multidimensionalen Wohlbefindens in verschiedenen Ländern genutzt werden können.