[ES] Los esquemas de antenas de múltiples entradas y múltiples salidas (MIMO) pueden maximizar la eficiencia espectral de los sistemas de Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT) para la provisión de contenidos de gran capacidad, como los servicios emergentes de televisión de ultra alta definición (UHDTV), en el cada vez más escaso y limitado espectro radioeléctrico de la TDT debido a la creciente demanda de servicios inalámbricos de banda ancha (4G y 5G). Las tecnologías MIMO han sido desarrolladas inicialmente en la especificación técnica de TDT DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting Next Generation Handheld) y estandarizadas en el último estándar de TDT, ATSC 3.0 (Advanced Television Systems Committee 3rd Generation). Sin embargo, no hay despliegues comerciales MIMO de TDT. Por otro lado, la industria móvil ha desarrollado una tecnología de radiodifusión móvil, conocida como hoy en día como 5G Broadcast, basado en LTE (Long Term Evolution). Aunque LTE incorpora MIMO para transmisiones unicast punto a punto, 5G Broadcast sólo utiliza una única antenna en transmisión. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento de MIMO para radiodifusión (terrestrial broadcast) para sistemas inalámbricos de radiodifusión de nueva generación, tanto TDT como sistemas celulares. Durante la estandarización de los sistemas MIMO TDT, el diseño inicial tiene en cuenta condiciones de recepción perfectas, por ejemplo, demoduladores óptimos, información de estado del canal (CSI) perfecta, estimación perfecta de la potencia del ruido, etc. El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es evaluar y optimizar el rendimiento de las transmisiones de radiodifusión MIMO en escenarios realistas. Esta tesis doctoral propone nuevos modelos de canales de propagación MIMO terrestres basados en medidas de campo que pueden utilizarse para la evaluación del rendimiento del sistema MIMO TDT. Además, también optimiza las diferentes configuraciones de transmisión y recepción MIMO, como la estimación de los canales MIMO en el receptor, y el procesado de señal. El escenario considerado en la tesis son torres de alta potencia con recepción fija, característico de las redes de TDT. Los resultados de esta tesis han contribuido al foro de estandarización ATSC, al sector de radiocomunicaciones de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT-R) y al proyecto nacional japonés de investigación sobre el sistema TDT de próxima generación. / [CA] Els esquemes d"antenes de múltiples entrades i múltiples sortides (MIMO) poden maximitzar l"eficiència espectral dels sistemes de Televisió Digital Terrestre (TDT) per a la provisió de continguts de gran capacitat, com els serveis emergents de televisió d"ultra alta definició (UHDTV) , en el cada vegada més escàs i limitat espectre radioelèctric de la TDT a causa de la creixent demanda de serveis sense fil de banda ampla (4G i 5G). Les tecnologies MIMO han estat desenvolupades inicialment en l'especificació tècnica de TDT DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting Next Generation Handheld) i estandarditzades a l'últim estàndard de TDT, ATSC 3.0 (Advanced Television Systems Committee 3rd Generation). No obstant això, no hi ha desplegaments comercials MIMO de TDT. D'altra banda, la indústria mòbil ha desenvolupat una tecnologia de radiodifusió mòbil, coneguda com avui dia com a 5G Broadcast, basat en LTE (Long Term Evolution). Tot i que LTE incorpora MIMO per a transmissions unicast punt a punt, 5G Broadcast només utilitza una única antena en transmissió. Aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu avaluar el rendiment de MIMO per a radiodifusió (terrestrial broadcast) per a sistemes sense fil de radiodifusió de nova generació, tant TDT com sistemes cel·lulars. Durant l'estandardització dels sistemes MIMO TDT, el disseny inicial té en compte condicions de recepció perfectes, per exemple demoduladors òptims, informació d'estat del canal (CSI) perfecta, estimació perfecta de la potència del soroll, etc. L¿objectiu principal d¿aquesta tesi doctoral és avaluar i optimitzar el rendiment de les transmissions de radiodifusió MIMO en escenaris realistes. Aquesta tesi doctoral proposa nous models de canals de propagació MIMO terrestres basats en mesures de camp que es poden utilitzar per a l'avaluació del rendiment del sistema MIMO TDT. A més, també optimitza les diferents configuracions de transmissió i recepció MIMO, com l'estimació dels canals MIMO al receptor, i el processament de senyal. L'escenari considerat a la tesi són torres d'alta potència amb recepció fixa, característic de les xarxes de TDT. Els resultats d"aquesta tesi han contribuït al fòrum d"estandardització ATSC, al sector de radiocomunicacions de la Unió Internacional de Telecomunicacions (UIT-R) i al projecte nacional japonès de recerca sobre el sistema TDT de propera generació. / [EN] Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna schemes in Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) systems aim to maximize the spectral efficiency for the provision of large capacity contents in the scarce and limited DTT Radio-Frequency (RF) channel. The delivery of the emerging Ultra-High Definition TV (UHDTV) services as well as the continuous broadcast spectrum shortage due to the rapidly growing demand for wireless broadband services (4G and 5G) are the motivations for this proposal. MIMO technologies have been firstly developed in the DTT technical specification DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting Next Generation Handheld) and standardized in the latest DTT standard, ATSC3.0 (Advanced Television Systems Committee 3rd Generation). However, MIMO broadcasting has not been commercialized due to the additional investment for both service providers and receivers. On the other hand, mobile industry has developed mobile broadcast technologies known today as 5G Broadcast based on LTE (Long Term Evolution). Although LTE incorporates MIMO for point to point unicast, 5G Broadcast only uses a single antenna in transmission at the moment. The Ph.D. aims at assessing the performance of MIMO for broadcasting (terrestrial broadcast) for next-generation wireless broadcasting systems, including next-generation wireless broadcasting systems, both DTT and cellular system. During the standardization of MIMO DTT systems, the initial design accounts for perfect reception conditions, e.g., optimal demodulators, perfect Channel State Information (CSI), perfect noise power estimation. The main goal of this PhD is to assess and optimize the performance of MIMO wireless broadcast transmissions in realistic scenarios. This PhD proposes new models of terrestrial MIMO propagation channels based on field measurements which can be utilized for the evaluation of MIMO DTT system. Furthermore, it also optimizes the different MIMO transmission and reception configurations, such as broadcast MIMO channel estimation and signal processing. The scenarios considered in the thesis are high-power high-tower transmitter with fixed reception and characteristics of DTT networks. The results of the PhD have contributed to the ATSC standardization forum, International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R), and the Japanese national research project on next generation DTT system. / Shitomi, T. (2023). Evaluation and Optimization of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna Schemes for Next-Generation Wireless Broadcasting [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/202598

[pt] Este estudo propõe diferentes métodos de processamento de transmissão a nível de símbolo para diversas configurações MIMO multiusuário. Primeiro, dois pré-codificadores a nível de símbolo são desenvolvidos considerando uma estrita restrição de potência por antena e modulação PSK para informações de estado de canal perfeito e imperfeito. Então, uma configuração MIMO em larga escala é considerada onde o consumo de energia dos front ends de radiofrequência produz um gargalo para a realização de sistemas MIMO com eficiência energética. Com isso, recursos de redução de energia, como sinalização de envelope constante e quantização de baixa resolução, são aplicados para permitir implantações de baixo custo, com baixo impacto ambiental e melhor cobertura. Neste contexto, a formulação da mínima probabilidade de erro de símbolo é considerada como o critério de projeto para o caso de símbolos de dados QPSK e, para modulação PSK arbitrária, o estudo propõe a nova formulação de mínima probabilidade de erro de símbolo vinculada ao limitante da união. Com base nestes critérios, o estudo propõe diferentes pré-codificadores de baixa resolução a nível de símbolo, baseados no método de busca parcial gananciosa e no algoritmo proposto de branch-and-bound qualidade de serviço. Finalmente, é considerado um sistema MIMO multiusuário virtual com modulação PSK realizado através da utilização de um transmissor baseado em superfícies inteligentes reconfiguráveis. Com esta estrutura, este estudo considera modelos de superfície inteligentes reconfiguráveis de alta resolução e com mudança de fase discreta. Com essas estruturas, o estudo deriva problemas de minimização de potência a nível de símbolo sob restrições de qualidade de serviço. Tanto a probabilidade de erro de símbolo quanto a probabilidade de erro de símbolo vinculada ao limitante da união são consideradas para a formulação da qualidade do serviço. Os problemas são resolvidos utilizando um método de bissecção e um método branch-and-bound para elementos refletores de alta e baixa resolução, respectivamente. / [en] This study proposes different symbol-level transmit processing methods for diverse multiuser MIMO setups. First, two symbol-level precoders are developed considering a strict per-antenna power constraint and PSK modulation for perfect and imperfect channel state information. Then, a large-scale MIMO setup is considered where the energy consumption of the radio frequency front ends yields a bottleneck for realizing energy efficient MIMO systems. With this, power reduction features such as constant envelope signaling and low-resolution quantization are applied to enable low-cost deployments, with low environmental impact, and better coverage. In this context, the minimum symbol-error probability formulation is con sidered as the design criterion for the case of QPSK data symbols, and, for arbitrary PSK modulation, the study proposes the novel minimum union bound symbol-error probability formulation. Based on these criteria the study proposes different low-resolution symbol-level precoders based on the partial greedy search method and the proposed quality-of-service branch and bound algorithm. Finally, a virtual multiuser MIMO system with PSK modulation realized via the reconfigurable intelligent surface-based passive transmitter setup is considered. Under this framework, this study considers both high-resolution and discrete phase shift reconfigurable intelligent surface models. With these frameworks, the study derives symbol-level power minimization problems under quality of service constraints. Both the symbol-error probability and union-bound symbol-error probability are considered for the quality of service formulation. The problems are solved by utilizing a bisection method and a branch-and-bound method for high and low-resolution reflecting elements, respectively.

[ES] El escenario actual de las comunicaciones inalámbricas está definido por el progresivo despliegue del 5G que ha establecido altos estándares en tasas binarias, fiabilidad, eficiencia, número de conexiones y latencia. El despliegue inicial del 5G se ha producido en las bandas denominadas sub-6 GHz debido a su compatibilidad con la infraestructura ya desplegada. Una de las novedades del 5G es la subdivisión en pequeñas celdas que requerirá la instalación de puntos de acceso interiores mediante antenas de múltiples puertos, altamente eficientes y compatibles con la tecnología MIMO. Como consecuencia, la necesidad de este tipo de antenas ha experimentado un crecimiento en su demanda. El diseño de este tipo de antenas resulta complejo y requiere de muchos recursos computacionales cuando el número de puertos es elevado. Esta tesis aborda el diseño y análisis de antenas respaldadas por cavidades con alimentación múltiple con la novedad de introducir nuevas metodologías basadas en el análisis de modos característicos (CMA) para el diseño sistemático de este tipo de soluciones para simplificar el proceso de diseño y simulación. Además, todas las soluciones se analizan desde la perspectiva de canal para su evaluación en un entorno real de un sistema con tecnología MIMO. Otro desafío que ha supuesto el sistema 5G es el crecimiento exponencial en la demanda de pequeñas antenas para su integración en dispositivos de tamaño reducido debido al desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones para el Internet de las Cosas (IoT). En particular, las bandas ISM de 433 MHz, 868/915 MHz y 2.4 GHz son las que más atención han recibido para albergar estas aplicaciones. Las técnicas de miniaturización se vuelven imprescindibles cuando el espacio es tan limitado y considerando que el dispositivo puede ser incluso entre 10 y 20 veces más pequeño que la longitud de onda de la frecuencia de la banda utilizada. Los fabricantes de antenas han introducido antenas cerámicas conocidas como chip antenas que se instalan en placas de circuito impreso (PCB) como solución a esta problemática. Junto con las antenas chip, se proporcionan unas pautas de instalación genéricas en las que falta información del funcionamiento físico de la antena. En esta tesis, varias antenas tipo chip se han diseñado y fabricado con tecnología LTCC para proporcionar más información sobre sus propiedades de radiación y su localización óptima para excitar los modos deseados de la PCB donde se instalan. Un nuevo parámetro basado en CMA se ha propuesto mediante la correlación entre los campos totales y modales para proporcionar información física sobre esta temática. / [CA] L'escenari actual de les comunicacions sense fils està definit pel progressiu desplegament del 5G que ha establit alts estàndards en taxes binàries, fiabilitat, eficiència, nombre de connexions i latència. El desplegament inicial del 5G s'ha produït en les bandes denominades sub-6 GHz a causa de la seua compatibilitat amb la infraestructura ja desplegada. Una de les novetats del 5G és la subdivisió en xicotetes cèl·lules que requerirà la instal·lació de punts d'accés interiors que requeriran antenes de múltiples ports altament eficients compatibles amb la tecnologia MIMO. Com a consequencia, la necessitat d'este tipus d'antenes ha experimentat un creixement en la seua demanda. El disseny d'estes antenes es torna complex i requerix molts recursos computacionals quan s'augmenta el nombre de ports. Esta tesi aborda el disseny i anàlisi de solucions recolzades per cavitats amb alimentació múltiple amb la novetat d'introduir noves metodologies basades en l'anàlisi de modes característics (CMA) per simplificar el procés de disseny i simulació de estes antenes. A més, totes les solucions s'analitzen des de la perspectiva de canal per a la seua avaluació en un entorn real de sistema MIMO. Un altre desafiament que ha suposat el sistema 5G és el creixement exponencial en la demanda d'integració de xicotetes antenes en dispositius de tamany reduït i el desenvolupament de noves aplicacions per a la Internet de les Coses (IoT). En particular, les bandes ISM que operen a 433 MHz, 868/915 MHz i 2.4 GHz són les mes demandades per a estes aplicacions. Les tècniques de miniaturització es tornen imprescindibles quan l'espai és tan limitat i considerant que el dispositiu pot ser fins i tot entre 10 i 20 vegades més xicotet que la longitud d'ona de la banda de freqüència utilitzada. Els fabricants d'antenes han introduït antenes tipus xip ceràmiques instal·lades en plaques de circuit imprés (PCB) com a solució a esta problematica. Juntament amb les antenes xip, es proporcionen unes pautes d'instal·lació genèriques sense cap justificació física adicional. En esta tesi, diverses antenes tipus xip s'han dissenyat i fabricat internament amb tecnologia LTCC per a proporcionar més informació sobre les seues propietats de radiació i la seua localització òptima per a excitar els modes desitjats de la PCB on s'instal·len. Un nou paràmetre basat en CMA s'ha proposat mitjançant la correlació entre els camps totals i modals per a proporcionar informació física sobre esta temàtica. / [EN] The current wireless communication scenario is defined by the progressive deployment of the 5$^{th}$ generation (5G) wireless communication system, which has established high standards in data rate, reliability, efficiency, number of connections, and latency. The early deployment of the 5G has taken place in the so-called sub-6 GHz bands due to its compatibility with the previously deployed infrastructure. One of the novelties of the 5G is the subdivision into small cell coverage areas, which will require the installation of indoor access points requiring multiple port antennas with high efficiency compatible with the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. As a result, the need for this kind of antenna has increased. The design of these antennas becomes complex and time-demanding when the number of ports is increased. This thesis deals with the design and analysis of multiple-fed cavity-backed solutions with the novelty of introducing new characteristic modes analysis (CMA) based methodologies for the systematic design of this kind of solution, which simplifies the design and calculation process. In addition, all the solutions are analyzed regarding the channel perspective for their evaluation in a real MIMO system environment. Another challenge that brings the 5G system is the exponential growth in the demand for the integration of small antennas in size-limited devices introduced by the all-connected concept and the development of new applications for the Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, the 433 MHz, 868/915 MHz, and 2.4 GHz ISM bands are mainly used for these applications. Miniaturization techniques become imperative in such a limited space, considering that the device can be even 10-20 times smaller than the wavelength of the operating band. Antenna manufacturers have introduced ceramic chip antennas installed in printed circuit boards (PCBs) as the solution for this scenario. They are provided with generic installation guidelines without further physical insight. In this thesis, low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) chip antennas have been designed and fabricated in-house to provide more information about their radiation performance and optimum allocation to excite the desired modes on the installed PCB. A novel CMA parameter based on the correlation between total and modal fields is introduced to provide physical insight into this topic. / Molins Benlliure, J. (2024). Design and Analysis of 5G/IoT Antennas for sub-6 GHz Applications using Characteristic Modes Analysis [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/213673

Les futurs systèmes de communication mobile sont caractérisés par un déploiement de plus en plus dense de différents types de points d'accès sans fil. Afin d’atténuer les interférences dans ces systèmes, les techniques aux entrées multiples-sorties multiples (MIMO) ainsi que la coopération entre les émetteurs et/ou les récepteurs sont nécessaires. Les systèmes de communication mobile en deviennent plus complexes, ce qui impose une évolution des outils mathématiques permettant leur analyse. Ceux-ci doivent être capables de prendre en compte les caractéristiques les plus importantes du système, telles que l'affaiblissement de propagation, les interférences et l'information imparfaite d'état du canal. Le but de cette thèse est de développer de tels outils basés sur la théorie des grandes matrices aléatoires et de démontrer leur utilité à l'aide de plusieurs applications pratiques, telles que l'analyse des performances des systèmes « network MIMO » et des systèmes MIMO à grande échelle, la conception de détecteurs de faible complexité à expansion polynomiale, l'étude des techniques de précodage unitaire aléatoire, ainsi que l'analyse de canaux à relais multiples et de canaux à double diffusion. En résumé, les méthodes développées dans ce travail fournissent des approximations déterministes de la performance du système qui deviennent exactes en régime asymptotique avec un nombre illimité d'émetteurs et de récepteurs. Cette approche conduit souvent à des approximations de la performance du système étonnamment simples et précises et permet de tirer d’importantes conclusions sur les paramètres les plus pertinents. / Advanced mobile communication systems are characterized by a dense deployment of different types of wireless access points. Since these systems are primarily limited by interference, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques as well as coordinated transmission and detection schemes are necessary to mitigate this limitation. Thus, mobile communication systems become more complex which requires that also the mathematical tools for their theoretical analysis must evolve. These must be able to take the most important system characteristics into account, such as fading, path loss, and interference. The aim of this thesis is to develop such tools based on large random matrix theory and to demonstrate their usefulness with the help of several practical applications, such as the performance analysis of network MIMO and large-scale MIMO systems, the design of low-complexity polynomial expansion detectors, and the study of random beamforming techniques as well as multi-hop relay and double-scattering channels. The methods developed in this work provide deterministic approximations of the system performance which become arbitrarily tight in the large system regime with an unlimited number of transmitting and receiving devices. This leads in many cases to simple and close approximations of the finite-size system performance and allows one to draw relevant conclusions about the most significant parameters. One can think of these methods as a way to provide a deterministic abstraction of the physical layer which substantially reduces the system complexity. Due to this complexity reduction, it is possible to carry out a system optimization which would be otherwise intractable.

Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been proposed to meet the needs for higher data rates and lower delays in future wireless communication systems. The downlink capacity of multiuser MIMO systems is achieved when the system transmits to several users simultaneously. Frequently, many more users request service than the transmitter can simultaneously support. Thus, the transmitter requires a scheduling algorithm for the users, which must balance the goals of increasing throughput, reducing multiuser interference, lowering delays, ensuring fairness and quality of service (QoS), etc. In this thesis, we investigate the application of genetic algorithms (GAs) to perform scheduling in multiuser MIMO systems. GAs are a fast, suboptimal, low-complexity method of solving optimization problems, such as the maximization of a scheduling metric, and can handle arbitrary functions and QoS constraints. We first examine a system that transmits using capacity-achieving dirty paper coding (DPC). Our proposed GA structure both selects users and determines their encoding order for DPC, which affects the rates they receive. Our GA can also schedule users independently on different carriers of a multi-carrier system. We demonstrate that the GA performance is close to that of an optimal exhaustive search, but at a greatly reduced complexity. We further show that the GA convergence time can be significantly reduced by tuning the values of its parameters. While DPC is capacity-achieving, it is also very complex. Thus, we also investigate GA scheduling with two linear precoding schemes, block diagonalization and successive zero-forcing. We compare the complexity and performance of the GA with "greedy" scheduling algorithms, and find the GA is more complex, but performs better at higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and smaller user pool sizes. Both algorithms are near-optimal, yet much less complex than an exhaustive search. We also propose hybrid greedy-genetic algorithms to gain benefits from both types of algorithms. Lastly, we propose an improved method of optimizing the transmit covariance matrices for successive zero-forcing. Our algorithm significantly improves upon the performance of the existing method at medium to high SNRs, and, unlike the existing method, can maximize a weighted sum rate, which is important for fairness and QoS considerations. / Communications

Due to the highly-varying wireless channels over time, frequency, and space domains, statistical QoS provisioning, instead of deterministic QoS guarantees, has become a recognized feature in the next-generation wireless networks. In this dissertation, we study the adaptive wireless resource allocation problems for statistical QoS provisioning, such as guaranteeing the specified delay-bound violation probability, upper-bounding the average loss-rate, optimizing the average goodput/throughput, etc., in several typical types of mobile wireless networks. In the first part of this dissertation, we study the statistical QoS provisioning for mobile multicast through the adaptive resource allocations, where different multicast receivers attempt to receive the common messages from a single base-station sender over broadcast fading channels. Because of the heterogeneous fading across different multicast receivers, both instantaneously and statistically, how to design the efficient adaptive rate control and resource allocation for wireless multicast is a widely cited open problem. We first study the time-sharing based goodput-optimization problem for non-realtime multicast services. Then, to more comprehensively characterize the QoS provisioning problems for mobile multicast with diverse QoS requirements, we further integrate the statistical delay-QoS control techniques — effective capacity theory, statistical loss-rate control, and information theory to propose a QoS-driven optimization framework. Applying this framework and solving for the corresponding optimization problem, we identify the optimal tradeoff among statistical delay-QoS requirements, sustainable traffic load, and the average loss rate through the adaptive resource allocations and queue management. Furthermore, we study the adaptive resource allocation problems for multi-layer video multicast to satisfy diverse statistical delay and loss QoS requirements over different video layers. In addition, we derive the efficient adaptive erasure-correction coding scheme for the packet-level multicast, where the erasure-correction code is dynamically constructed based on multicast receivers’ packet-loss statuses, to achieve high error-control efficiency in mobile multicast networks. In the second part of this dissertation, we design the adaptive resource allocation schemes for QoS provisioning in unicast based wireless networks, with emphasis on statistical delay-QoS guarantees. First, we develop the QoS-driven time-slot and power allocation schemes for multi-user downlink transmissions (with independent messages) in cellular networks to maximize the delay-QoS-constrained sum system throughput. Second, we propose the delay-QoS-aware base-station selection schemes in distributed multiple-input-multiple-output systems. Third, we study the queueaware spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks for statistical delay-QoS provisioning. Analyses and simulations are presented to show the advantages of our proposed schemes and the impact of delay-QoS requirements on adaptive resource allocations in various environments.

Communication over a wireless channel is a challenging task because of the inherent fading effects. Any wireless communication system employs some form of diversity improving techniques in order to improve the reliability of the channel. This thesis deals with efficient code design for two different spatial diversity techniques, viz, diversity by employing multiple antennas at the transmitter and/or the receiver, and diversity through cooperative commu- nication between users. In other words, this thesis deals with efficient code design for (1) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, and (2) wireless relay channels. Codes for the MIMO channel are termed space-time (ST) codes and those for the relay channels are called distributed ST codes. The first part of the thesis focuses on ST code construction for MIMO fading channel with perfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver, and no CSI at the transmitter. As a measure of performance we use the rate-diversity tradeoff and the Diversity-Multiplexing Gain (D-MG) Tradeoff, which are two different tradeoffs characterizing the tradeoff between the rate and the reliability achievable by any ST code. We provide two types of code constructions that are optimal with respect to the rate-diversity tradeoff; one is based on the rank-distance codes which are traditionally applied as codes for storage devices, and the second construction is based on a matrix representation of a cayley algebra. The second contribution in ST code constructions is related to codes with a certain nonvanishing determinant (NVD) property. Motivation for these constructions is a recent result on the necessary and sufficient conditions for an ST code to achieve the D-MG tradeoff. Explicit code constructions satisfying these conditions are provided for certain number of transmit antennas. The second part of the thesis focuses on distributed ST code construction for wireless relay channel. The transmission protocol follows a two-hop model wherein the source broadcasts a vector in the first hop and in the second hop the relays transmit a vector that is a transformation of the received vector by a relay-specific unitary transformation. While the source and relays do not have CSI, at the destination we assume two different scenarios (a) destina- tion with complete CSI (b) destination with only the relay-destination CSI. For both these scenarios, we derive a Chernoff bound on the pair-wise error probability and propose code design criteria. For the first case, we provide explicit construction of distributed ST codes with lower decoding complexity compared to codes based on some earlier system models. For the latter case, we propose a novel differential encoding and differential decoding technique and also provide explicit code constructions. At the heart of all these constructions is the cyclic division algebra (CDA) and its matrix representations. We translate the problem of code construction in each of the above scenarios to the problem of constructing CDAs satisfying certain properties. Explicit examples are provided to illustrate each of these constructions.

In this thesis, we focus on interference cancelling (IC) detectors for advanced communication systems. The contents of this thesis is divided into the following four parts: 1. Multiuser interference (MUI) cancellation in uplink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). 2. Inter-carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) cancellation in space-frequency block coded OFDM (SFBC-OFDM). 3. Single-symbol decodability (SSD) of distributed space-time block codes (DSTBC) in partially-coherent cooperative networks with amplify-and-forward protocol at the relays 4. Interference cancellation in cooperative SFBC-OFDM networks with amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) protocols at the relays. In uplink OFDMA systems, MUI occurs due to different carrier frequency offsets of different users at the receiver. In the first part of the thesis, we present a weighted multistage linear parallel interference cancellation approach to mitigate the effect of this MUI in uplink OFDMA. We also present a minimum mean square error (MMSE) based approach to MUI cancellation in uplink OFDMA. We present a recursion to approach the MMSE solution and show structure-wise and performance-wise comparison with other detectors in the literature. Use of SFBC-OFDM signals is advantageous in high-mobility broadband wireless access, where the channel is highly time- as well as frequency-selective because of which the receiver experiences both ISI as well as ICI. In the second part of the thesis, we are concerned with the detection of SFBC-OFDM signals on time- and frequency-selective MIMO channels. Specifically, we propose and evaluate the performance of an interference cancelling receiver for SFBC-OFDM, which alleviates the effects of ISI and ICI in highly time- and frequency-selective channels The benefits of MIMO techniques can be made possible to user nodes having a single transmit antenna through cooperation among different nodes. In the third part of the thesis, we derive a new set of conditions for a distributed DSTBC to be SSD for a partially-coherent relay channel (PCRC), where the relays have only the phase information of the source-to-relay channels. We also establish several properties of SSD codes for PCRC. In the last part of the thesis, we consider cooperative SFBC-OFDM networks with AF and DF protocols at the relays. In cooperative SFBC-OFDM networks that employ DF protocol, i) ISI occurs at the destination due to violation of the `quasi-static' assumption because of the frequency selectivity of the relay-to-destination channels, and ii) ICI occurs due to imperfect carrier synchronization between the relay nodes and the destination, both of which result in error-floors in the bit error performance at the destination. We propose an interference cancellation algorithm for this system at the destination node, and show that the proposed algorithm effectively mitigates the ISI and ICI effects.

It is well known that communication using multiple antennas provides high data rate and reliability. Coding across space and time is necessary to fully exploit the gains offered by multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. One such popular method of coding for MIMO systems is space-time block coding. In applications where the terminals do not have enough physical space to mount multiple antennas, relaying or cooperation between multiple single antenna terminals can help achieve spatial diversity in such scenarios as well. Relaying techniques can also help improve the range and reliability of communication. Recently it has been shown that certain space-time block codes (STBCs) can be employed in a distributed fashion in single antenna relay networks to extract the same benefits as in point to point MIMO systems. Such STBCs are called distributed STBCs. However an important practical issue with STBCs and DSTBCs is its associated high maximum likelihood (ML) decoding complexity. The central theme of this thesis is to systematically construct STBCs and DSTBCs applicable for various scenarios such that are amenable for low decoding complexity. The first part of this thesis provides constructions of high rate STBCs from crossed product algebras that are minimum mean squared error (MMSE) optimal, i.e., achieves the least symbol error rate under MMSE reception. Moreover several previous constructions of MMSE optimal STBCs are found to be special cases of the constructions in this thesis. It is well known that STBCs from orthogonal designs offer single symbol ML decoding along with full diversity but the rate of orthogonal designs fall exponentially with the number of transmit antennas. Thus it is evident that there exists a tradeoff between rate and ML decoding complexity of full diversity STBCs. In the second part of the thesis, a definition of rate of a STBC is proposed and the problem of optimal tradeoff between rate and ML decoding complexity is posed. An algebraic framework based on extended Clifford algebras is introduced to study the optimal tradeoff for a class of multi-symbol ML decodable STBCs called ‘Clifford unitary weight (CUW) STBCs’ which include orthogonal designs as a special case. Code constructions optimally meeting this tradeoff are also obtained using extended Clifford algebras. All CUW-STBCs achieve full diversity as well. The third part of this thesis focusses on constructing DSTBCs with low ML decoding complexity for two hop, amplify and forward based relay networks under various scenarios. The symbol synchronous, coherent case is first considered and conditions for a DSTBC to be multi-group ML decodable are first obtained. Then three new classes of four-group ML decodable full diversity DSTBCs are systematically constructed for arbitrary number of relays. Next the symbol synchronous non-coherent case is considered and full diversity, four group decodable distributed differential STBCs (DDSTBCs) are constructed for power of two number of relays. These DDSTBCs have the best error performance compared to all previous works along with low ML decoding complexity. For the symbol asynchronous, coherent case, a transmission scheme based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed to mitigate the effects of timing errors at the relay nodes and sufficient conditions for a DSTBC to be applicable in this new transmission scheme are given. Many of the existing DSTBCs including the ones in this thesis are found to satisfy these sufficient conditions. As a further extension, differential encoding is combined with the proposed transmission scheme to arrive at a new transmission scheme that can achieve full diversity in symbol asynchronous, non-coherent relay networks with no knowledge of the timing errors at the relay nodes. The DDSTBCs in this thesis are proposed for application in the proposed transmission scheme for symbol asynchronous, non-coherent relay networks. As a parallel to the non-coherent schemes based on differential encoding, we also propose non-coherent schemes for symbol synchronous and symbol asynchronous relay networks that are based on training. This training based transmission scheme leverages existing coherent DSTBCs for non-coherent communication in relay networks. Simulations show that this training scheme when used along with the coherent DSTBCs in this thesis outperform the best known DDSTBCs in the literature. Finally, in the last part of the thesis, connections between multi-group ML decodable unitary weight (UW) STBCs and groups with real elements are established for the first time. Using this connection, we translate the necessary and sufficient conditions for multi-group ML decoding of UW-STBCs entirely in group theoretic terms. We discuss various examples of multi-group decodable UW-STBCs together with their associated groups and list the real elements involved. These examples include orthogonal designs, quasi-orthogonal designs among many others.

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