International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In order to reduce the measuring channels for the single-transient signals, the author propose the time division multiplex technique and introduce the method of SAW delay line in this paper. That used method of SAW tap-delay line in this system is different from previous methods consists in making traditional method, which is one-path signal input different delayed multi- path signals output, alter new method, which is simultaneous multi-path signal inputs that are respectively delayed and one-path signal serial output.

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En los últimos años los casos de infecciones causadas por enterococos resistente a vancomicina (ERV) han ido cobrando importancia debido a su capacidad innata para almacenar información e inclusive transferirla a otras cepas. Los ERV han sido aislados de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), de infecciones de tracto urinario, bacteriemias, endocarditis, etc. Las dos especies clínicamente importantes son Enterococcus faecium y Enterococcus faecalis, las cuales portan genes de resistencia a vancomicina. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar genéticamente las cepas ERV del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI). Para ello se recolectaron cepas ERV y se realizó la evaluación molecular en el Laboratorio de Microbiología y Biotecnología Molecular de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos – Lima. Se seleccionaron un total de 28 cepas, 82% (n = 23) correspondieron a la especie E. faecium y 18% (n = 5) a E. faecalis. Se determinó el nivel de resistencia a vancomicina con la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) mediante el E-test, 23 cepas de Enterococcus faecium obtuvieron una CMI ≥ 256µg/mL; 5 cepas de Enterococcus faecalis mostraron subpoblaciones heterorresistentes a vancomicina dentro del halo de inhibición. Para determinar la ubicación de la resistencia se utilizó la prueba de curación de plásmidos resultando que el 96% (n = 22) de las cepas de E. faecium mantuvo la resistencia después del curado y el 100% de Enterococcus faecalis mostraron sensibilidad y transferibilidad, siendo la frecuencia de transferencia más alta de 5 x10-3 para la cepa EC0507. Mediante PCR múltiplex se determinó la presencia de un sólo genotipo vanA, en todas las cepas Enterococcus faecium y Enterococcus faecalis. De esta manera se concluye que existe un solo genotipo vanA en los ambientes intrahospitalarios del HNGAI y que estos pueden ser transferibles.

Introduction/purpose: Recovery from muscle damage involves a type of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are released after muscle damage and may cause premature apoptosis in monocytes infiltrating the damaged site. This may alter the time course of events towards recovery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate if downhill running causes a change in the susceptibility of monocytes to apoptosis. Methods: Participants (5 male, 6 female) completed a downhill running protocol consisting of 6-5 minute bouts at a speed of 6-9mph on a -15% grade treadmill. Venous blood samples were collected immediately pre-exercise (PRE), in addition to 4 -h, 24 -h and 48 -h post-exercise. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured to give an indication of muscle damage. Monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for expression of multicaspase and annexin v reagent was used to detect changes in the plasma membrane. A MILLIPLEX MAP human early apoptosis magnetic bead 7-plex kit (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA) was used to assess the relative concentration of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), Bcl-2 associated death promoter (BAD), B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), active caspase-8, active caspase-9, c jun N terminal kinase (JNK) and tumor protein p53 by Luminex multiplex assay. Results: CK peaked at 24- h. Monocytes showed greater expression of multicaspase at 24 –h and 48 -h than at PRE. Bcl-2, p53 and caspase-8 were all significantly greater at 24 –h than at PRE. Conclusion: Downhill running did alter the apoptotic response of monocytes and therefore may be important in the recovery process from muscle damage.

In this paper, we present an analysis of the emotion-exchange patterns that arise from Twitter messages sent during emergency events. To this end, we performed a systematic structural analysis of the multiplex communication network that we derived from a data-set including more than 1.9 million tweets that have been sent during five recent shootings and terror events. In order to study the local communication structures that emerge as Twitter users directly exchange emotional messages, we propose the concept of emotion-exchangemotifs. Our findings suggest that emotion-exchange motifs which contain reciprocal edges (indicating online conversations) only emerge when users exchange messages that convey anger or fear, either in isolation or in any combination with another emotion. In contrast, the expression of sadness, disgust, surprise, as well as any positive emotion are rather characteristic for emotion-exchange motifs representing one-way communication patterns (instead of online conversations). Among other things, we also found that a higher structural similarity exists between pairs of network layers consisting of one high-arousal emotion and one low-arousal emotion, rather than pairs of network layers belonging to the same arousal dimension.

Arthrogryposis, a congenital disorder characterized by multiple joint contractures, can limit one’s ability to perform even the simplest of tasks. The purpose of this paper is to outline the general limitations associated with arthrogryposis and examine the most common corrective procedures used to treat and manage deformities of the lower extremities. While the ultimate goal may be complete correction of the associated deformities, this may not be practical, as recurrence of contractures is common. Surgical and non-surgical methods discussed in this paper include casting with the Ponseti Method, use of bracing and night splinting, soft tissue release for the ankle and knee, talectomy and osteotomy procedures for the knee. The conclusions discussed in this paper determine that complete correction is not typically obtained, but quality of life can be improved through functional independence and ambulation when utilized in conjunction with thorough physical therapy rehabilitation.

The aim of the project was to develop a PCR method to detect HLA-B27 at the Immunology Department of St. James hospital in Dublin. The HLA-B27 gene is common among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Ninety percent of patients with AS have the HLA-B27 gene and it is therefore counted as a risk factor and could be used as part of the diagnosis. Twenty-two frozen blood samples from patients with AS or suspected AS were donated from the rheumatology department at St. James hospital. PCR is a well known and common technique, many hospital laboratories have a PCR machine and therefore PCR is a good choice for detection of the HLA-B27 gene. A multiplex PCR was developed where a PCR control, primers to the β-globin gene, was used in the same tube as the HLA-B27 primers, to secure that the PCR worked in every tube. Finally a blind test was performed to test the specificity of the PCR. The result shows that the specificity was 100%. Of all patient samples, sixteen was HLA-B27 positive and six were HLA-B27 negative. In addition, optimal conditions for the PCR and the way to extract DNA from frozen blood were successfully established. For future diagnosis, the described PCR can be used to detect the HLA-B27 gene in patients and it can be considered as a start for further development of a real-time PCR for detection of the HLA-B27.

­^¤åºK­n Multiplex PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene¡BvirA¡Btpl¡Band H1d genes was developed enabling simultaneous detection in Escherichia coli¡Aan indicator of fecal contamination and food-borne microbial pathogens¡AShigella flexneri¡BCitrobacter freundii¡BSalmonella typhi¡BVibrio cholerae¡BVibrio parahaemolyticus¡Band Staphylococcus aureus¡CEach of the nine pairs of oligonucleotide primers was found to support PCR amplifications of only its targeted gene¡CThe optimized multiplex PCR reaction utilized a primer annealing temperature of 59 ¢Jand used agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of the PCR-amplified products¡CSelection of appropriate target genes¡Boligonucleotide primers ¡BPCR reaction¡Band cycling parameters resulted in the amplification of four target genes simultaneously in a single PCR reaction with the sensitivity of detection was 102 CFU after 32 cycles¡CMultiplex PCR amplification followed by differential PCR for E. coli / Shigella¡A and Citrobacter / Salmonella¡Asequenced for the PCR-amplified products of 16S rRNA gene of the seven pathogens in this study¡Aand used restriction endonuclease AfaI to confirm the PCR-amplified products of V. cholerae¡AV. parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus¡Ahas been shown to be an sensitive¡Aspecific¡Aand rapid method to detect food-borne bacterial pathogens¡C

Ovarian cancer is a high mortality disease where early stage detection may have significant survival benefits. Promising next-generation non-invasive, biomarker-based screening modalities involve longitudinal monitoring of serum biomarkers and multi-marker panel detection. Here, rapid, sensitive, precise and multiplexable diagnostic platforms can facilitate biomarker validation along with early detection and screening, and this work attempts to exploit the programmable bio-nano-chip (p-BNC) immunosensor to address these specific translational needs in ovarian cancer. First, the p-BNC was adapted for Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) quantitation, the current FDA standard, with prominent implications in novel early detection and screening modalities. Antibody pairs binding to distinct epitopes on CA125 were identified and the p-BNC operating variables (incubation times, flow rates and reagent concentrations) were attuned to deliver optimal analytical performance (inter- and intra-assay precision of 1.2% and 1.9% and Limit-of-Detection (LOD) 1.0 U/mL), competitive with current gold standards, but with a short analysis time of 43 minutes. Further validation of the system with advanced stage patient sera (n=20) demonstrated good correlation with 'gold standard' ELISA (R² = 0.97). Next, the p-BNC was adapted for concomitant analysis of CA125 and Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), a novel multiplexed biomarker panel for early detection and screening. The HE4 immunoassay was developed to perform optimally with the 'rate determining' CA125 assay. Cross-reactivity analysis demonstrated high specificity multiplexing. The dose-response curves for the multiplexed CA125 and HE4 immunoassays were congruous with their singleplex counterparts with respective LODs of 0.51 U/mL and 4.18 pM and a total analysis time of 44 minutes. A small pilot scale clinical study was conducted to discriminate between surgically confirmed patient sera (n=8) and corresponding age-matched healthy controls (n=8) utilizing the multiplexed p-BNC, interpreted with a risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm. Successful discrimination was achieved between the groups with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve AUC (Area Under the Curve) values of 1.00, 0.984 and 1.00 respectively for CA125, HE4 and the composite marker combination. Taken together, the analytical and clinical performance, multiplexing capabilities and the short turn-around times on the p-BNC offer methodological advancements over current gold standard techniques, indicating strong promise for ovarian cancer diagnostics. / text