Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between weightlifting performance (snatch, clean and jerk, and total) and variables obtained from the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Methods. Twelve weightlifters, ranging from novice to advanced, performed the IMTP 10 days after a competition. Correlations were used to evaluate relationships between variables of the IMTP and absolute and scaled competition results. Results. Unsealed competition results correlated strongly with IRFD (0-200ms: r=0.567-0.645, 0-250ms: r=0.722-0.781) while results correlated weakly with Peak IRFD (5ms window, r=0.360-0.426). Absolute peak force values correlated very strongly with absolute values for the competition performance (r=0.830-0.838). Force at 100ms, 150ms, 200ms and 250ms also correlated strongly with competition results (r=0.643-0.647, r=0.605-0.636, r=0.714-0.732, r=0.801-0.804). Similar findings were noted for allometrically scaled values. Conclusion. Measures of average IRFD probably represent a more relevant variable to dynamic performance than does Peak IRFD (5ms). Maximum isometric strength also is likely to have a strong role in weightlifting performance.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between weightlifting performance (snatch, clean and jerk, and total) and variables obtained from the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Methods. Twelve weightlifters, ranging from novice to advanced, performed the IMTP 10 days after a competition. Correlations were used to evaluate relationships between variables of the IMTP and absolute and scaled competition results. Results. Unsealed competition results correlated strongly with IRFD (0-200ms: r=0.567-0.645, 0-250ms: r=0.722-0.781) while results correlated weakly with Peak IRFD (5ms window, r=0.360-0.426). Absolute peak force values correlated very strongly with absolute values for the competition performance (r=0.830-0.838). Force at 100ms, 150ms, 200ms and 250ms also correlated strongly with competition results (r=0.643-0.647, r=0.605-0.636, r=0.714-0.732, r=0.801-0.804). Similar findings were noted for allometrically scaled values. Conclusion. Measures of average IRFD probably represent a more relevant variable to dynamic performance than does Peak IRFD (5ms). Maximum isometric strength also is likely to have a strong role in weightlifting performance.

Bakgrund: Periodisering av träning kan vara av intresse för tränande kvinnor och deras coacher då hormonerna fluktuerar under menscykelns faser. Mycket forskning om styrketräning är gjorda på män. Att studera ökning av muskelstyrka hos kvinnor är komplext då deras hormoner fluktuerar månadsvis och anses kunna påverka studieresultat under menstruationscykeln. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att sammanställa studierna som finns inom ämnet och därefter dra nytta av kvinnors hormoner för att optimera muskelstyrka och att undvika risken för nya skador eller drabbas av de risker styrketräning kan minska. Syfte: Att granska och sammanställa studier gällande eventuella skillnader i muskelstyrka under menscykelns olika faser samt gällande eventuell effekt av periodiserad träning på muskelstyrkan i menscykeln faser.  Metod: En systematisk översiktsstudie med både interventionsstudier och observationsstudier inkluderade. En första sökning gjordes på PubMed och fem studier valdes ut och kvalitetsgranskades enligt PEDro scale. Därefter utökades sökningen för observationsstudier vilket gjordes på Google scholar. Där framkom ytterligare fyra studier och dessa granskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmall för observationsstudier.  Resultat: Resultatet tyder på att det inte finns någon tydlig skillnad mellan faserna då resultatet skiljde sig mellan de olika studierna. Forskningen inom ämnet är för bristfällig för att komma till någon adekvat slutsats gällande resultatet.  Konklusion: Vidare forskning, samt fler studier med samma utfallsmått behövs för att kunna dra slutsatser utifrån frågeställningarna. / Background: To periodize training can be of interest for athletic females and their coaches because the hormones fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. A large part of the research in strength training has been done on men. To study an increase in muscle strength in women is complex because their hormones fluctuate monthly and are considered to be able to influence study results during the menstrual cycle. The purpose of this literature study was to compile the studies available in the subject and then take advantage of women's hormones to optimize muscle strength and to avoid the risk of new injuries or suffer from the risks strength training can reduce.  Objective: The aim of this study was to review and to compile studies regarding the possible differences in muscle strength during the menstrual cycle and the possible effect of periodized training applied to the different phases of the menstrual cycle.  Method: A systematic review study included observational studies and intervention studies. The search was done on PubMed and five studies were included, then quality reviewed according to PEDro scale. The search for observational studies were made on Google scholar and four studies were selected, then reviewed according to the SBU’s review template for observational studies.  Results: The results indicated that there is no evident difference between the phases as the results were different between the different studies. The research on the subject is too insufficient to make an adequate conclusion. Conclusion: Further research, as well as more studies with the same outcome measure, are needed to be able to come to a conclusion based on the issues.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第24810号 / 人健博第116号 / 新制||人健||8(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 青山 朋樹, 教授 松田 秀一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DGAM

The extent of muscular strength and muscular size in 20 female bodybuilders and 20 non-strength trained females was studied. Body composition and segment volumes and related anthropometric measurements data were obtained along with chest press and knee extension One Repetition Maximum (IRM) and 25 Repitition Maximum (25RM) values. No group differences were present in age, height, weight and segment volumes. The bodybuilders had a lower percent body fat, greater lean body weight (LBW) and larger muscles compared to the non-strength trained females.

BACKGROUND: The determination of the 1-repetition maximum (1RM) is one of the most frequently performed evaluations to assess maximal dynamic strength in athletes. Several formulas have been proposed to estimate the 1RM. The objective of this study was to compare 1RM measurement with a 1RM estimate obtained from the Brzycki formula to estimate 1RM bench press and half-squat between young men and women. METHODS: Forty-six male and 15 female sport sciences undergraduates performed 3RM in bench press and 3RM in half-squat. in two sessions. In different days, participants performed the 1RM test of each exercise. A two-way (gender x exercise) ANOVA was applied to analyze the difference between the estimate and the actual 1RM. The level of significance set for the study was P<0.05. RESULTS: Differences (P<0.001) between the estimate and the 1RM was found both in half-squat (9.3±11.1 kg) and bench press (4.6±6.2 kg) for both the whole group. No significant differences were found in the interaction gender x exercise, not in absolute terms (P=0.23; partial η2=0.01) or in percentage (P=0.34; partial η2=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Estimating 1RM by Brzycki formula according to how it has been conducted in this study is not different in young men and women in relation to the exercise performed: half-squat and bench press. However, the estimate was different from the actual 1RM for both exercises.

M. S.

No description available.

<p>The purpose of the current study was to determine whether implementing EMST through telepractice is feasible and effective for providing better respiratory support to improve or maintain communication and cough production in ALS. In a nine-week multiple baseline design, twelve participants with mild ALS completed six weeks of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) at a moderate intensity level. Descriptive data revealed that it is feasible for speech-language pathologists to implement EMST through telepractice with individuals who have ALS, as minimal time and caregiver involvement was required to implement EMST successfully and adherence and attendance rates were high. EMST implemented through telepractice resulted in a significant increase in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) at the group level. At the individual level, nine participants had significant increases in MEP, two participants MEP remained stable, and one participant’s MEP decreased Post-Training, most likely due to poor adherence. These overall improvements to MEP did not result in significant improvements to respiratory-dependent speech outcome measures such as pause frequencies and pause durations at the group level. A lack of significant changes to the respiratory-dependent speech outcome measures, but a significant declination in the control variable of articulation rate that is not dependent on the respiratory system suggests that EMST had a maintenance effect for most participants. At the individual level, EMST appears to impact neural control of speech as it alters the pause patterns uniquely for each participant, with some participants demonstrating improvements and others demonstrating maintenance or declination. Maintenance at the group level was also observed for cough strength following EMST. In conclusion, EMST can be implemented via telepractice with people who have mild ALS and may help people with ALS maintain speech and cough production by altering respiratory support. </p>

<p> In order to investigate possible negative effects of endurance training on muscle strength and power, 10 healthy young men underwent 10 weeks of endurance training. Subjects trained unilaterally on a cycle ergometer so that their opposite leg served as a control. Training consisted of 30 min per day for 3 days per week and progressed to 60 min per day for 5 days per week by the seventh week of training. This volume of endurance training exceeds the upper limits of that normally performed by athletes who compete in power sports. The exercise intensity was initially ~75% of pre-training maximum power output and was increased over time to maintain a training heart rate of 140-160 beats per minute. Endurance, strength, and power variables were assessed in each leg before and after the training period. Measurements included electrically stimulated twitch characteristics of the quadriceps, single-leg V̇O2peak and lactate threshold (Tlac), single-leg take-off vertical jump power indices from a force platform, and maximal leg press strength at a low-(60°/s) and high-velocity (300°/s). Needle biopsies were taken from the quadriceps femoris before and after the training period, and analyzed for fibre-type proportions, fibre area, oxidative enzyme activity and capillary density. Post-training, subjects increased leg V̇O2peak (7%) and Tlac in the trained leg. Leg press strength was unaffected by training. Vertical jump power was not impaired nor were evoked twitches. Following training, there was a decrease in % type IIb and an increase in % type IIa fibres (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in fibre area. Percent fibre area increased for type I and IIa and decreased for type IIb fibres in the trained leg (p<0.05). These data indicate that a 10-week endurance-training program increases aerobic power but does not impair muscle strength or power.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)