Tyrimo objektas — vaikų pusiausvyra, raumenų jėga ir ištvermė. Hipotezė: manome, kad vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą pusiausvyra, raumenų jėga bei ištvermė turėtų būti prastenė nei sveikų vaikų, o 4 savaičių kryptingos kineziterapijos pratybos turėtų reikšmingai pagerinti visus vertintus rodiklius. Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti kineziterapijos poveikį 7-11 metų vaikų, sergančių autizmu, pusiausvyrai, raumenų jėgai ir raumenų ištvermei. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1.Nustatyti ir palyginti vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą ir sveikų vaikų pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodiklius. 2.Įvertinti 4 savaičių kineziterapijos poveikį vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą, pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodikliams. 3.Palyginti vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą, pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodiklius, gautus po 4 savaičių intervencijos su sveikų vaikų rodikliais. Rezultatai: Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad po kineziterapijos taikymo vaikams, turintiems autizmo sutrikimą pagal modifikuotą Berg skalę, pusiausvyra padidėjo 6 balais. Plaštakos raumenų jėga po kineziterapijos vaikams padidėjo dešinėje rankoje 2 kg, kairėje rankoje 2,2 kg. Šuolio į tolį iš vietos testo rezultatai padidėjo 36,2 cm. Sėstis ir gultis testo rezultatai per 30 sekundžių padidėjo 4,5 karto. Po kineziterapinės intervencijos pritūpimai iki 90° kampo per 30 sekundžių padidėjo 5,7 karto. Lyginant rodiklius prieš kineziterapiją ir po jos, pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodikliai reikšmingai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the study — children balance, muscle strength and endurance. Hypothesis: We believe that the muscle strength, endurance and balance of children with autism disorder should be worse than the normal healthy children, and that a 4 weeks of targeted physical therapy exercises should significantly improve all evaluated indicators. The aim: determine the effects of physical therapy for children from 7 to 11 years old with the autism of balance, muscular strength and endurance. Goals of the study: 1. To identify and compare balance, muscle strength and endurance characteristics of children with autism disorder and healthy children. 2. To evaluate the effects of 4 weeks physical therapy for the children with autistic disorder of their balance, muscle strength and endurance characteristics. 3. To compare balance, muscle strength and endurance characteristics of children with autistic disorder, after 4 weeks of intervention, with the characteristics of healthy children. Results: The results showed that after physical therapy children with autistic spectrum disorder in accordance with the modified Berg score balance improved by 6 points. Hand muscle strength after physical therapy for children has improved to 2 kg in the right hand and 2.2 kg in the left hand. Standing long jump improved by 36.2 cm. Sit and lie down test results for 30 seconds improved 4.5 times. After physical therapy intervention, the 90° squats for 30 seconds improved 5.7 times. In comparison with the... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas — vaikų pusiausvyra, raumenų jėga ir ištvermė. Hipotezė: manome, kad vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą pusiausvyra, raumenų jėga bei ištvermė turėtų būti prastenė nei sveikų vaikų, o 4 savaičių kryptingos kineziterapijos pratybos turėtų reikšmingai pagerinti visus vertintus rodiklius. Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti kineziterapijos poveikį 7-11 metų vaikų, sergančių autizmu, pusiausvyrai, raumenų jėgai ir raumenų ištvermei. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1.Nustatyti ir palyginti vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą ir sveikų vaikų pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodiklius. 2.Įvertinti 4 savaičių kineziterapijos poveikį vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą, pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodikliams. 3.Palyginti vaikų, turinčių autizmo sutrikimą, pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodiklius, gautus po 4 savaičių intervencijos su sveikų vaikų rodikliais. Rezultatai: Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad po kineziterapijos taikymo vaikams, turintiems autizmo sutrikimą pagal modifikuotą Berg skalę, pusiausvyra padidėjo 6 balais. Plaštakos raumenų jėga po kineziterapijos vaikams padidėjo dešinėje rankoje 2 kg, kairėje rankoje 2,2 kg. Šuolio į tolį iš vietos testo rezultatai padidėjo 36,2 cm. Sėstis ir gultis testo rezultatai per 30 sekundžių padidėjo 4,5 karto. Po kineziterapinės intervencijos pritūpimai iki 90° kampo per 30 sekundžių padidėjo 5,7 karto. Lyginant rodiklius prieš kineziterapiją ir po jos, pusiausvyros, raumenų jėgos ir ištvermės rodikliai reikšmingai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the study — children balance, muscle strength and endurance. Hypothesis: We believe that the muscle strength, endurance and balance of children with autism disorder should be worse than the normal healthy children, and that a 4 weeks of targeted physical therapy exercises should significantly improve all evaluated indicators. The aim: determine the effects of physical therapy for children from 7 to 11 years old with the autism of balance, muscular strength and endurance. Goals of the study: 1. To identify and compare balance, muscle strength and endurance characteristics of children with autism disorder and healthy children. 2. To evaluate the effects of 4 weeks physical therapy for the children with autistic disorder of their balance, muscle strength and endurance characteristics. 3. To compare balance, muscle strength and endurance characteristics of children with autistic disorder, after 4 weeks of intervention, with the characteristics of healthy children. Results: The results showed that after physical therapy children with autistic spectrum disorder in accordance with the modified Berg score balance improved by 6 points. Hand muscle strength after physical therapy for children has improved to 2 kg in the right hand and 2.2 kg in the left hand. Standing long jump improved by 36.2 cm. Sit and lie down test results for 30 seconds improved 4.5 times. After physical therapy intervention, the 90° squats for 30 seconds improved 5.7 times. In comparison with the... [to full text]

The purpose of this study was to determine if isokinetic testing could be used as an effective means of assessing a players potential to play a certain position. The subjects were twenty four male division IA college football players. The Cybex 340 isokinetic testing device, twenty and forty yard dash, and standing broad jump were used to collect data. An analysis of variance test with repeated measures was used for the statistical analysis (ANOVA). Based on the findings of this study, no significant difference was found between offensive and defensive lineman, through isokinetic testing. However, a significant difference was found between the groups in the twenty and forty yard dash, and in the standing broad jump. Significant differences in these areas may have been attributed to a significant difference in body weight between the two groups tested. / School of Physical Education

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) IID, and a actinin 3 (AC1N3) R577X polymorphisms have been linked to the strength and power performance of elite athletes and suggested to influence skeletal muscle function in the general popUlation. This research investigated the association of these two candidate gene polymorphisms with the muscle function of young and older men, and the distribution of these genotypes in frequent fallers compared to controls. Muscle function measurements of young and older men included isometric strength, absolute and relative isokinetic strength at high velocity (ratio of torque at 2400 ·s"; torque at 30°·s") and the time course of an evoked twitch. Additionally body composition was measured by skinfold thickness (young men) and DXA scanning (old men) to estimate fat-free mass, an index of muscularity, and fat mass. ACE and AC1N3 genotypes were determined from whole blood samples using polymerase chain reaction, and serum ACE activity using spectrophotometry. The gemtypes of frequent fallers referred to a Falls Clinic were compared to a control group of healthy men. ACE genotype was not associated with any measure of muscle function, including the time course of an evoked twitch or absolute and relative high velocity torque, or body composition in these populations (ANOVA, 0.12<P<0.97). Serum ACE activity appeared to be weakly associated with knee extensor (R = 0.19, P = 0.07) and elbow flexor (R = 0.20, P = 0.06) isometric strength in older men, and was negatively correlated with the relative torque at high velocity (R = -0.23, P = 0.03). AC1N3 genotype was associated with fat mass in older men (P = 0.04), but was not associated with any measure of muscle function or muscularity (KruskalWaIIis, 0.26<P<0.95). Finally there was no apparent difference in the distribution of ACE IID (r: = 0.54, P = 0.77) and AC1N3 RIX (r: = 0.76, P = 0.68) genotypes between frequent fallers and controls. Any influence of these individual polymorphisms seems unlikely to be of sufficient magnitude to produce genotype related differences in muscle function in young or older free living UK Caucasian men. Serum ACE activity may have a small association with the isometric and dynamic strength of older men. However, AC1N3 genotype was associated with increased fat mass in XX individuals, that suggests this polymorphism may have an association with the accumulation of body fat over the life span of older men.

Low load resistance training (LLRT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) is a novel form of exercise that has been demonstrated to increase muscle mass and strength. Combined with the fact that as individuals age they lose both of these parameters, LLRT with BFR has been put forward as a method to help reverse/prevent the associated sarcopenia of ageing. This research investigated the effect the effect of LLRT with BFR on muscle strength firstly in younger people and then an older population group following 4 weeks of training. Muscle function measurements of young and old people included dynamic strength, identified as one repetition maximum (1 RM), isometric strength and isokinetic torque at a range of velocities (0.52 2.09 rad.s-1). Vascular adaptations were also measured using venous occlusion plethysmography to assess rest blood flow (Rbf) and post occlusive reactive hyperemia (PObf). The mechanisms behind any adaptations were measured following acute responses of plasma hormones and growth factors (cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) as well as local skeletal muscle gene expression (IGF-1Ea and MGF mRNA) to LLRT with BFR. LLRT with BFR increased (P < 0.05) all measurements of muscle strength by 13 30% in both young and older people. PObf was also increased (P < 0.05) following 4 weeks of LLRT with BFR in both population groups. Acute responses to LLRT with BFR identified an increase (P < 0.05) in GH and VEGF in older people. These are similar response to those seen in the young. Finally local gene expression of MGF mRNA was elevated (P < 0.05) 24 hours post LLRT with BFR in both young and older people. Any changes in muscle and blood flow adaptations may be as a result of increased hormones and growth factors at a circulation and local level. Key words: Blood flow restriction, blood flow, muscle strength, growth hormone, IGF-1

This study was to develop normative data of isotonic muscular strength in college females using the Spartacus model Universal Gym bench press and leg extension and to control for the influence of body weight. Two hundred and two college age females enrolled in weight training and conditioning classes used the Universal Gym for twelve weeks. Subjects were tested for maximum strength on 2 exercises and their percent body fat was calculated. Pearson-product moment correlations between lean body weight , body weight and the bench press test and the leg extension test were correlated. After statistically controlling for the effects of body weight, percentile ranks were calculated for both tests.

Vitamin D is central in calcium turnover, and adequate levels are important for skeletal health. It is not clear how large contributions from food and sunlight are in Swedish primary care patients, considering the low radiation of UVB in Sweden and fortification of some foods, and whether differences exist between patients of immigrant and Swedish origin. Increasing incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures is a major global health problem. Genetic variations in metabolising enzymes and in the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) have also been shown to be of importance to the overall effect of vitamin D. Polymorphic variation in the gene CYP2R1 encoding the 25-hydroxylase has previously been reported to correlate with circulating levels of 25(OH)D3. Results of association studies between genetic variants of the VDR and muscle strength, as well as falls have been contradictory. The purposes of this thesis were to examine possible differences in plasma-25(OH)D3 levels and intake of vitamin D between Swedish and immigrant female primary care patients, to estimate what foods contribute the most, and to identify contributors to vitamin D status (Paper I-II). Furthermore, the relationship between polymorphisms in the CYP2R1 gene and levels of 25(OH)D3 as well as other biochemical parameters (parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate and fibroblast growth factor 23) of skeletal homeostasis, bone mineral density and incidence of fractures was investigated (Paper III). Also, the association between genetic variations in the gene for the vitamin D receptor and measures of muscle strength, physical performance and falls (Paper IV), was investigated by using data from a Swedish multicenter study of elderly men (MrOS). Most important results: Vitamin D deficiency was common, with significant difference between Swedish born and immigrant patients (Paper I). Food intake of vitamin D is associated with circulating vitamin D, but the factors most strongly affecting vitamin D levels were reported sun holiday and origin (Paper II). CYP2R1 polymorphisms are associated with circulating levels of 25(OH)D3 and bone mineral density (Paper III). VDR genetic variants do not appear to have a direct effect on muscle strength or physical performance and incidence of falls in elderly Swedish men (Paper IV).

M.Tech. (Chiropractic) / Purpose: According to Jonhagen, Nemeth and Erikson (1994), hamstring muscle injury as a result of weakness is prevalent. Hoskins and Pollard (2005) states that a previous or recent hamstring muscle injury is the most recognized risk factor for future injury. Given the high reoccurrence rate, hamstring injuries provide a significant challenge to the treating clinician. Knowledge surrounding the optimal treatment is critical to improve hamstring muscle strength in preventing these injuries. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective treatment method, when comparing sacroiliac joint manipulation with or without dry needling and the effect it has on hamstring strength. Design: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years old presenting with SI joint dysfunction and hamstring trigger points, were considered for this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants each (group A and B). Group A received manipulation to the sacroiliac joint and group B received manipulation to the sacroiliac joint, as well as dry needling of the active myofascial trigger points in the semimembranosus muscles. Each participant was treated six times over a period of three weeks. Measurements: All measurements were collected at the first, third and fifth consultation prior to treatment and on the seventh consultation where no treatment was performed. Subjective measurements included the McGill questionnaire and a visual analogue pain scale. Objective measurements included algometer, readings of pressure pain threshold of the hamstring muscle trigger points and hamstring muscle strength recorded using a dynamometer instrument. Results and Conclusion: Group A and group B proved to have a statistical and clinical improvement overall. Group A had a better improvement in both subjective tests and in the objective tests. In comparing the statistically significant data for hamstring muscle strength in this study, it would appear that Group A responded better to treatment than Group B. Although both groups did improve, it suggests that Group A achieved the greatest overall improvement. Therefore it can be suggested that myofascial dry needling of the hamstring muscle was found not to have an additive effect for improving vii hamstring muscle strength, it actually appears to have done worse. The reason for this might be due to the post treatment soreness after needling. This may cause muscle inhibition and decreased muscle contraction, due to the pain or tenderness, which could have affected the muscle strength. In conclusion, the results in this study show that chiropractic manipulation combined with dry needling did not have better results in improving hamstring strength.

A disfunção da musculatura abdutora do quadril é uma preocupação entre aqueles que se utilizam da via de acesso lateral direta, descrita por Hardinge para a realização da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ). Pouco se sabe se a sutura transóssea ou transtendínea da musculatura abdutora do quadril influenciam no resultado funcional da ATQ. Quantificar a força da musculatura abdutora, nos pacientes operados, é de grande importância, já que os resultados obtidos poderão nortear o melhor tipo de reinserção desta musculatura. Avaliamos de forma prospectiva e randomizada 32 pacientes com o objetivo de quantificar através de análise isométrica o desempenho da musculatura abdutora do quadril no pósoperatório de ATQ, comparando a reinserção da massa muscular por suturas transósseas (TO) e transtendíneas (TT) utilizando um dinamômetro Biodex System IV Pro® (Biodex Medical System, Shirley, NY, USA) no pré-operatório, no terceiro e sexto meses pós ATQ. Adicionalmente, avaliamos o efeito da sutura transóssea e transtendínea no resultado funcional da ATQ segundo o escore de quadril de Harris (HHS) e correlacionamos a medida do torque abdutor com o HHS no sexto mês de pós-operatório de ATQ. Após análise estatística não houve diferenças entre o tipo de sutura e o torque abdutor nos diferentes tempos, e tampouco entre o tipo de sutura e o resultado funcional segundo o HHS. Por fim, o valor do HHS apresentou correlação desprezível com o valor do torque da musculatura abdutora. Nossos resultados sugerem que não há superioridade de um tipo de sutura em relação ao outro quanto ao desempenho abdutor ou resultado funcional da ATQ. / Dysfunction of the hip abductor muscles is a concern among those using the direct lateral approach described by Hardinge for total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is not known whether the transosseous or the transtendineous sutures of the abductor muscles may influence the functional outcome of the THA. To quantify the strength of the abductor muscles in the operated patients is of great relevance, since these results could guide the best type of reinsertion of this musculature. We evaluated prospectively and randomly 32 patients with the purpose of quantifying the performance of hip abductor muscles after the THA using isometric analysis, comparing the reinsertion of the muscle mass by transosseous (TO) and transtendineous (TT) sutures using a Biodex System IV Pro® dynamometer (Biodex Medical System, Shirley, NY, USA) in the pre-operative period, and three and six months after THA. In addition, we evaluated the effect of transosseous and transtendineous sutures on the functional outcome of THA according to the Harris hip score (HHS) and correlated the abductor torque with the HHS in the sixth postoperative month of THA. After statistical analysis there were no differences between the type of suture and the abductor torque at different times, nor between the type of suture and the functional result according to the HHS. Finally, the HHS value presented negligible correlation with the torque value of the abductor muscles. Our results suggest that there is no superiority of one type of suture over the other in relation to abductor performance or functional outcome of the THA.

Periodized training programs seem to augment muscle performance (i.e., hypertrophy, strength and muscle endurance), however, optimal repetition ranges to achieve these adaptations are unclear. Thus, the purpose was to compare high and low repetition daily undulating periodization (DUP) models, with equal volume on performance. Eleven trained, college-aged males were counterbalanced into high (DUPHR) or low (DUP-LR) repetition groups. Subjects performed the squat and bench press 3X/wk. for 8wks. Outcome measures included one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, squat, and total strength (TS=squat+bench press), and muscle thickness (MT). 1RM strength increased with no difference between groups. Both groups increased total chest and total body MT (p<0.05); but only DUP-HR increased thigh MT (p<0.05). Effect sizes showed meaningful differences in strength favoring DUP-LR for bench press-1.48 and TS-0.89. Our findings indicate with equal volume, there may be meaningful differences in strength that are repetition-dependent, and varying responses to MT across different muscle groups. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection