This investigation was concerned with the effects of electromyographic biofeedback on the muscular tension of patients diagnosed in a particular personality state. These personality traits were manic, agitated, depressed, and a comparison group.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 siviero_ek_me_rcla.pdf: 949530 bytes, checksum: da4326957a56a59281ed31fdb759c11d (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / As experiências dos estados de ânimo levam o indivíduo a estruturar-se corporalmente e a manifestar reações fisiológicas que organizam, desorganizam e reorganizam as tensões musculares. Quando tornadas crônicas, modificam o movimento humano em si e as relações com o meio externo. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os efeitos do Lian Gong em 18 Terapias sobre a relação tensão muscular/estados de ânimo, em indivíduos de 30 a 60 anos. A amostra foi composta por 30 participantes distribuídos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tempo de prática desta abordagem. A coleta dos dados foi efetuada através de questionários com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha: o primeiro diagnóstico e o segundo referente às práticas do Lian Gong. Esta pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória e os dados foram investigados qualitativa e quantitativamente, através de uma análise de conteúdo. As unidades de registro basearam-se em temas relacionados a sentimentos, comportamentos, opiniões e atitudes; e como unidade de contexto, cada questão referente aos dois questionários, distribuídos em sete categorias. Os resultados revelam que o Lian Gong em 18 Terapias é um sistema de auto-organização corporal e favorece a prevenção e a terapia. As 1a, 2a, 3a e 4a séries demonstram um relacionamento maior com a tensão muscular e estados de ânimo. A maioria dos participantes pensa e pratica o Lian Gong como forma de auto-ajuda, leveza, bem-estar, para diminuir a tensão e aliviar as dores no corpo; os participantes sentem-se mais alegres, dispostos, equilibrados, com energia, tranqüilos e auto-regulados; sentem-se mais relaxados, mais ágeis e mais flexíveis. Socialmente sentem-se mais extrovertidos, comunicativos, abertos para fazerem novas amizades e em relação ao comportamento familiar, mais calmos, pacientes, compreensivos... / The experiences of the state of spirit takes the individual to structure itself physically and to reveal physiological reactions that organize, disorganize and reorganize the muscular tensions. When they become chronic, they modify the human movement and the relations with the external atmosphere. The aim of this work is to identify the effects of Lian Gong in 18 therapies about the muscular tension relation / the state of spirit in individual aged from 30 to 60. The sample was composed of 30 participants that was separated in 4 groups, according to the knowledge of this subject. The data collection had been achieved through opened questions and multiple choice questionnaires. The first one, diagnosis and the second one regarding to Lian Gong experiences. This was an exploratory nature research and the data had been searched quantitativity and qualitativity through a content analysis. The unit of register had been based on subjects related to feelings, behaviors, opinions and attitudes; and as unit of context each question refered to both questionnaires, which had been distributed in seven categories. The results show that Lian Gong in 18 therapies is a system of self-physical organization and promote the prevention and the therapy. The 1ª, 2ª, 3ª and 4ª series show a larger connection with the muscular tension and the state of spirit. The majority of participants thinks and practices Lian Gong as a way of self-help, lightness, well being to diminish the tension and to relieve pains in the body; the participants feel happier, stimulated, balanced, calm, disciplined. They feel more relaxed, agile and more flexible. Socially they feel more extroverts, communicative, ready to make new friendships and with reference to the familiar behavior, they feel themselves calmer, patient, comprehensive and balanced. Therefore, Lian Gong in 18 therapies provides the awareness of a human being totally integrated.

Orientador: Luiz Alberto Lorenzetto / Banca: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Elizabethe Paoliello Machado de Souza / Resumo: As experiências dos estados de ânimo levam o indivíduo a estruturar-se corporalmente e a manifestar reações fisiológicas que organizam, desorganizam e reorganizam as tensões musculares. Quando tornadas crônicas, modificam o movimento humano em si e as relações com o meio externo. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os efeitos do Lian Gong em 18 Terapias sobre a relação tensão muscular/estados de ânimo, em indivíduos de 30 a 60 anos. A amostra foi composta por 30 participantes distribuídos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tempo de prática desta abordagem. A coleta dos dados foi efetuada através de questionários com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha: o primeiro diagnóstico e o segundo referente às práticas do Lian Gong. Esta pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória e os dados foram investigados qualitativa e quantitativamente, através de uma análise de conteúdo. As unidades de registro basearam-se em temas relacionados a sentimentos, comportamentos, opiniões e atitudes; e como unidade de contexto, cada questão referente aos dois questionários, distribuídos em sete categorias. Os resultados revelam que o Lian Gong em 18 Terapias é um sistema de auto-organização corporal e favorece a prevenção e a terapia. As 1a, 2a, 3a e 4a séries demonstram um relacionamento maior com a tensão muscular e estados de ânimo. A maioria dos participantes pensa e pratica o Lian Gong como forma de auto-ajuda, leveza, bem-estar, para diminuir a tensão e aliviar as dores no corpo; os participantes sentem-se mais alegres, dispostos, equilibrados, com energia, tranqüilos e auto-regulados; sentem-se mais relaxados, mais ágeis e mais flexíveis. Socialmente sentem-se mais extrovertidos, comunicativos, abertos para fazerem novas amizades e em relação ao comportamento familiar, mais calmos, pacientes, compreensivos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The experiences of the state of spirit takes the individual to structure itself physically and to reveal physiological reactions that organize, disorganize and reorganize the muscular tensions. When they become chronic, they modify the human movement and the relations with the external atmosphere. The aim of this work is to identify the effects of Lian Gong in 18 therapies about the muscular tension relation / the state of spirit in individual aged from 30 to 60. The sample was composed of 30 participants that was separated in 4 groups, according to the knowledge of this subject. The data collection had been achieved through opened questions and multiple choice questionnaires. The first one, diagnosis and the second one regarding to Lian Gong experiences. This was an exploratory nature research and the data had been searched quantitativity and qualitativity through a content analysis. The unit of register had been based on subjects related to feelings, behaviors, opinions and attitudes; and as unit of context each question refered to both questionnaires, which had been distributed in seven categories. The results show that Lian Gong in 18 therapies is a system of self-physical organization and promote the prevention and the therapy. The 1ª, 2ª, 3ª and 4ª series show a larger connection with the muscular tension and the state of spirit. The majority of participants thinks and practices Lian Gong as a way of self-help, lightness, well being to diminish the tension and to relieve pains in the body; the participants feel happier, stimulated, balanced, calm, disciplined. They feel more relaxed, agile and more flexible. Socially they feel more extroverts, communicative, ready to make new friendships and with reference to the familiar behavior, they feel themselves calmer, patient, comprehensive and balanced. Therefore, Lian Gong in 18 therapies provides the awareness of a human being totally integrated. / Mestre

Il est connu que le mouvement volontaire entraîne une perturbation de la posture, qui nécessite d'être compensée par des mouvement contre-perturbateurs définis comme " ajustements posturaux ". Ce processus dynamique, qui se produit avant, pendant et après le mouvement focal, nécessite la mobilité de la chaîne posturale, avec un patron spécifique pour chaque tâche.L'objectif de cette thèse de doctorat a été d'explorer l'influence de la mobilité du rachis sur les composantes focale et posturale du transfert assis- debout, ou sit-to-stand (STS), qui est une tâche indispensable à l'autonomie fonctionnelle. Trois séries expérimentales ont évalué l'effet d'une restriction de mobilité de la colonne vertébrale sur les ajustements posturaux anticipateurs (APAs) et le mouvement focal de la tâche de STS réalisée à vitesse maximale. Des paramètres biomécaniques ont été calculés à partir des données fournies par un plateau de forces et un capteur de pression. La première série a évalué l'effet de la mobilité lombo-pelvienne au moyen de trois types de contentions lombaires, et a montré qu'une réduction du jeu articulaire de cette région était associée des APAs plus longs et plus amples, ainsi qu'à une augmentation de la durée du mouvement focal. La seconde série a mis en évidence les mêmes variations en explorant l'influence de la mobilité de la colonne cervicale au moyen de trois contentions cervicales. La dernière série s'est focalisée sur le rôle de l'augmentation de la tension musculaire le long du tronc, en utilisant un protocole spécifique de compression bimanuelle. Les résultats ont montré qu'une tension musculaire plus élevée induisait une augmentation de la durée des APAs mais sans variation de la durée du mouvement focal. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggèrent que la colonne cervicale et la colonne lombaire sont à la fois impliquées dans les composantes focale et posturale du STS, et que le maintien de leur mobilité peut favoriser l'autonomie fonctionnelle. En revanche, l'augmentation de la tension musculaire le long du tronc nécessite uniquement une réorganisation des ajustements posturaux pour maintenir le même niveau de performance. / It is well known that voluntary movements induce internal disturbances to posture, which need to be balanced by counter-pertubing movements defined as " postural adjustments ". This dynamic process, which occurs before, during, and after the focal movement, requires the mobility of the postural chain, with a specific pattern for each task. The aim of this PhD thesis was to explore the influence of spine mobility on the focal and postural components of the sit-to-stand (STS) task, which is instrumental for functional autonomy. Three series of experiments assessed the effect of spine mobility restriction on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and focal movement (FM) of the STS task peformed at maximum velocity. Biomechanical parameters were calculated from force plate, and pressure sensor data. The first series assessed the effect of lumbo-pelvic mobility using three different lumbar contentions, and showed that restricted articular free play in this area was associated with longer and larger APAs, along with a higher duration of the focal movement. The second series of experiment showed the same variations when exploring the effect of cervical spine mobility using three different cervical contentions. The last series focused on the effect of increased muscular tension along the trunk, using a specific bimanual compressive load paradigm.The results showed that higher tension lead to longer APAs with no variation of FM duration. Taken together, these findings suggest that the lumbar and cervical spine are involved in both the focal and postural components of the STS task, and that preserving their articular free play might be useful to favour functionnal autonomy. In contrast, increased muscular tension along the trunk only require a reorganization of the APAs to keep the same level of task performance.

L'évaluation des tensions musculaires chez l'Homme dans les sciences du mouvement et les études posturales présente un grand intérêt pour le sport, la santé ou encore l'ergonomie. La biomécanique s'intéresse tout particulièrement à ces problèmes utilise la cinématique inverse pour recalculer, à partir de mesures physiques externes, les tensions musculaires internes. Le verrou scientifique principal de cette technique est la redondance musculaire, propre au vivant. En effet les actionneurs (muscles) sont plus nombreux que les degrés de liberté à contrôler. Les problèmes de cinématique inverse sont sous-déterminés, ils présentent plus d'inconnues que d'équations, et nécessitent l'usage de procédures d'optimisation. Dans ce contexte l'usage de l'électromyographie (EMG), signal électro-physiologique mesurable à la surface de la peau et témoin de l'activité musculaire, peut donner une idée de l'activité des muscles sous-jacents. La connaissance de l'activité des muscles permettrait d'introduire de l'information supplémentaire dans cette méthodologie inverse afin d'améliorer l'estimation des tensions musculaires réelles au cours de mouvements ou dans une posture donnée. De plus certaines applications ne permettent pas ou peu l'enregistrement de forces ou positions articulaires externes qui nécessitent un appareillage conséquent et rendent difficile l'étude de situations de la vie courante. L'électromyographie est dans un tel contexte une mesure non-invasive et peu encombrante, facilement réalisable. Elle a cependant elle aussi ses propres verrous scientifiques. L'EMG de surface sur de petits muscles très rapprochés comme les nombreux muscles des avant-bras peut être sujette à ce qui est communément appelé « cross-talk » ; la contamination croisée des voies. Ce cross-talk est le résultat de la propagation des signaux musculaires sur plusieurs voies simultanément, si bien qu'il est compliqué d'associer l'activité d'un muscle à une unique voie EMG. Le traitement numérique du signal dispose d'outils permettant, dans certaines conditions, de retrouver des sources inconnues mélangées sur plusieurs capteurs. Ainsi la séparation de sources peut être utilisée sur des signaux EMG afin de retrouver de meilleures estimations des signaux sources reflétant plus fidèlement l'activité de muscles sans l'effet du cross-talk. Ce travail de thèse montre dans un premier temps l'intérêt de l'EMG dans l'étude de l'utilisation d'un prototype d'interface homme-machine novateur. L'EMG permet en particulier de mettre en évidence la présence forte de cocontraction musculaire permettant de stabiliser les articulations pour permettre un contrôle précis du dispositif. En outre des perspectives d'analyse plus fines seraient envisageables en utilisant des techniques de séparation de sources performantes en électromyographie. Dans un second temps l'accent est mis sur l'étude des conditions expérimentales précises permettant l'utilisation des techniques de séparation de sources en contexte linéaire instantané en électromyographie de surface. L'hypothèse d'instantanéité du mélange des sources en particulier est étudiée et sa validité est vérifiée sur des signaux réels. Enfin une solution d'amélioration de la robustesse de la séparation de sources à l'hypothèse de l'instantanéité est proposée. Celle-ci repose sur la factorisation en matrices non-négatives (NMF) des enveloppes des signaux EMG. / Evaluation of muscle tensions in movement and gait sciences is of great interest in the fields of sports, health or ergonomics. Biomechanics in particular has been looking forward to solving these problems and developed the use of inverse kinematics to compute internal muscle tensions from external physical measures. Muscular redundancy remains however a complex issue, there are more muscles than degrees of freedom and thus more unknown variables which makes inverse kinematics an under-determined problem needing optimization techniques to be solved. In this context using electromyography (EMG), an electro-physiological signal that can be measured on the skin surface, gives an idea of underlying muscle activities. Knowing muscle activities could be additional information to feed the optimization procedures with and could help improving accuracy of estimated muscle tensions during real gestures or gait situation. There are even situations in which measuring external physical variables like forces, positions or accelerations is not feasible because it might require equipment incompatible with the object of the study. It is often the case in ergonomics when equipping the object of the study with sensors is either too expensive or physically too cumbersome. In such cases EMG can become very handy as a non-invasive measure that does not require the environment to be equipped with other sensors. EMG however has its own limits, surface EMG on small and closely located muscles like muscles of the forearm can be subject to “cross-talk”. Cross-talk is the cross contamination of several sensors it is the result of signal propagation of more than one muscle on one sensor. In presence of cross-talk it is not possible to associate an EMG sensor with a given muscle. There are signal processing techniques dealing with this kind of problem. Source separation techniques allow estimation of unknown sources from several sensors recording mixtures of these sources. Applying source separation techniques on EMG can provide EMG source estimations reflecting individual muscle activities without the effect of cross-talk. First the benefits of using surface EMG during an ergonomics study of an innovative human-computer interface are shown. EMG pointed out a relatively high level of muscle co-contraction that can be explained by the need to stabilize the joints for a more accurate control of the device. It seems legitimate to think that using source separation techniques would provide signals that better represent single muscle activities and these would improve the quality of this study. Then the precise experimental conditions for linear instantaneous source separation techniques to work are studied. Validity of the instantaneity hypothesis in particular is tested on real surface EMG signals and its strong dependency on relative sensor locations is shown. Finally a method to improve robustness of linear instantaneous source separation versus instantaneity hypothesis is proposed. This method relies on non-negative matrix factorization of EMG signal envelopes.

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