INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle function and muscle mass which frequently occurs among the oldest-old adult population (aged 85+ years). The analysis of accelerometer-determined physical behavior volumes and patterns of oldest-old adults might provide novel insights into the associations with sarcopenia and its components. METHODS: A total of 145 participants in the primary sample and 87 participants in the subsample with a mean age of 88.2 (2.5) years from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study cohort provided cross-sectional data of handgrip strength, appendicular lean mass, gait speed, and accelerometry. Probable, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia were assessed based on the revised definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Binomial logistic and multivariate linear regression models as well as dose-response analyses were applied and adjusted for demographics, accelerometer wear time, lifestyle factors, and chronic health conditions. RESULTS: Oldest-old adults with higher total volumes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.89) showed a lower likelihood for a probable sarcopenic condition in the primary sample. Likewise, patterns of higher accumulated time spent in MVPA bouts of less than 10 minutes (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.95) and MVPA bouts of at least 10 minutes (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98) were also related with lower odds of probable sarcopenia. A 2.1 times (95% CI 1.01 to 4.35) higher likelihood for confirmed sarcopenia was observed among participants who spent 60 minutes more per day in sedentary behavior (SB). Furthermore, 2.9 times (95% CI 1.05 to 8.02) greater odds of severe sarcopenia were identified following each 0.1 higher active-to-sedentary transition probability (ASTP). Focusing on individual sarcopenic components, higher total activity counts, higher MVPA, higher light intensity physical activity (LIPA), lower SB, and lower ASTP were related with better gait speed. CONCLUSION: The total volume of MVPA, whether accumulated in short sporadic bouts or prolonged bouts, was associated with lower odds of probable sarcopenia. Higher LIPA, lower SB, and a less fragmented activity pattern might also be related with a lower likelihood of sarcopenia status and better physical performance among oldest-old adults.

Turner Syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder from conception characterized by the partial or complete absence of the second X chromosome in females. Chromosomal abnormalities, both numerical and structural, contribute to a significantly higher prevalence of fractures (30.5-32.2%) compared to non-TS postmenopausal women (14.9%). This highlights the intrinsic bone abnormalities associated with TS and increased fracture risk. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is commonly used to assess bone mineral density (BMD). However, its accuracy in individuals with TS is limited due to the partial volume effect, highlighting the need for further clinical research to understand bone density changes compared to healthy controls. Osteoporosis is a significant comorbidity in TS, characterized by reduced bone quality and altered microstructure. Factors directly contributing to osteoporosis in TS include X chromosome abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, metabolic syndrome, and autoimmune disease. Current management strategies involve estrogen and growth hormone replacement, along with progastrin and bisphosphonates. Therapies targeting the inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could improve BMD and bone quality and reduce fracture risk. However, more clinical research is needed to understand the bone density compositional changes that occur to optimize therapeutic approaches for individuals with TS.

A cinesioterapia aplicada à musculatura do assoalho pélvico na gestação pode ser grande aliada no controle das alterações músculo-esqueléticas. Para avaliar efeitos da cinesioterapia no assoalho pélvico durante a gravidez,utilizamos a perineometria com e sem "biofeedback" e a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico, e correlacionamos os valores da avaliação funcional com as perineometrias. Os efeitos da cinesioterapia nos músculos do assoalho pélvico revelaram aumento significativo na pressão e na força durante a gestação. Durante o período gestacional houve correlação positiva e significativa entre a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico e as perineometrias / Kinesiotherapy applied to this musculature during pregnancy is a useful tool in the control of musculoskeletal alterations. To evaluate the effects of pelvic floor kinesiotherapy during pregnancy by perineometry with and without biofeedback and by functional evaluation of the pelvic floor, and to correlated functional evaluation and perineometric readings. Analysis of the effects of kinesiotherapy on pelvic floor muscles revealed a significant increase in pressure and strength during pregnancy. In addition, a positive and significant correlation between functional evaluation of the pelvic floor and perineometric readings was observed during the gestational period

<p>UVOD: Artroza &scaron;aka predstavlja jednu od najče&scaron;ćih mi&scaron;ićno-skeletnih bolesti. Manifestuje se bolom, nekada otokom, deformacijom i gubitkom funkcije &scaron;aka. Postoje različita mi&scaron;ljenja o povezanosti osteoartroze (OA) i osteoporoze (OP) kao dva najče&scaron;a skeletna poremećaja. CILJ: istraživanja je da se utvrde faktori rizika za nastanak OA &scaron;aka, uporedi mineralna ko&scaron;tana gustina kod pacijenata sa OA &scaron;aka sa kontrolnom grupom i utvrdi značaj metaboličkog sindroma kod pacijenata sa OA &scaron;aka. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je obavljeno u periodu od jedne godine kod bolesnika sa OA &scaron;aka &ndash; eksperimentalna grupa, i u kontrolnoj grupi bez OA. OA &scaron;aka je definisana na osnovu bola, klinički prisutnih deformiteta &scaron;aka kod žena u postmenopauzi starosne dobi od 60-70 godina i radiografskih promena ( drugog do četvrtog stepena prema Kellgren-Lowrencovoj skali). Analizirani su faktori rizika odgovorni za nastanak OA &scaron;aka, povezanost OA &scaron;aka sa snagom stiska &scaron;ake, mineralnom ko&scaron;tanom gustinom i metaboličkim sindromom. Analazirirana je i funkcija &scaron;ake pomoću tri validirana upitnika: Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ, Duruoz Hand Indeks (DHI), Health Assessment Questionnaire (PROMIS HAQ). Statistička obrada podataka rađena je u programu SPSS verzija 25. REZULTATI: Prosečna starost pacijentkinja je bila 65,89&plusmn;3,67 godina. Eksperimentalna i kontrola grupa se statistički razlikuju prema porodičnoj anamnezi o strukturnim promenama zglobova &scaron;aka, prema bolnosti &scaron;aka u miru, bolnosti &scaron;aka pri palpaciji, uzdržavanju od pokreta prstiju &scaron;aka, snage stiska &scaron;ake, metaboličkom sindromu( p&lt;0,001). Kao značajni prediktori za nastanak osteoartroze &scaron;aka su se izdvojili pozitivna porodična anamneza o strukturnim promenama za zglobovima &scaron;aka i metabolički sindrom ( p&lt;0,001). Utvrđen je veći broj ispitanica sa normalnom ko&scaron;tanom gustinom u kontrolnoj grupi. Eksperimentalna grupa bolesnica imala je lo&scaron;iju funkciju &scaron;ake, odnosno lo&scaron;iji skor primenom validiranih upitnika ( p &lt;0,001). ZAKLJUČAK: Pacijentkinje sa izraženom osteoartrozom &scaron;aka imaju smanjenu funkciju &scaron;ake, če&scaron;ći metabolički sindrom u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, ali ne i značajno nižu ko&scaron;tanu gustinu.</p> / <p>INTRODUCTION: Arthritis of the hand is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. It manifests as pain, sometimes accompanied by swelling and deformities, which may lead to the loss of hand function. However, there is no consensus on the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) as the two most common skeletal disorders. AIMS: The study aim was to determine the risk factors related to the development of OA in the hand, as well as compare the bone density in patients with hand OA (HOA) with that measured in the control group and establish the significance of metabolic syndrome in the HOA group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted over a 12-month period and included a sample comprising of the experimental (patients affected by HOA) and the control (individuals with no evidence of HOA) group. HOA was diagnosed based on the reported pain, clinical evidence of hand deformities in postmenopausal women aged 60&minus;70, and radiological evidence of physiological changes (Grade II to IV, based on the Kellgren-Lowrence scale). The risk factors for the development of HOA were analyzed, along with the link between HOA and hand grip strength, bone mineral density and metabolic syndrome. Analyses also included had function, as determined by three validated questionnaires: Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), Duruoz Hand Index (DHI), and Health Assessment Questionnaire (PROMIS HAQ). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25 computer software. RESULTS: The average age of the sample was 65.89&plusmn;3.67 years. There were statically significant differences between the experimental and the control group with respect to the family history of structural changes in the hand joints, perceived hand pain at rest and when palpated, reluctance to utilize fingers, hand grip strength, and metabolic syndrome (p &lt; 0.001). Family history of structural changes to the hand joints and metabolic syndrome emerged as the strongest predictors of the osteoarthritis of the hand development (p &lt; 0.001). A greater number of the control group members had normal bone mineral density, while the patients assigned to the experimental group had inferior hand function, as determined by the score on the aforementioned validated questionnaires (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal women with pronounced osteoarthritis of the hand have reduced hand function, and are more likely to suffer from a metabolic syndrome relative to the control group, while the differences in bone mineral density are not statistically significant.</p>

A cinesioterapia aplicada à musculatura do assoalho pélvico na gestação pode ser grande aliada no controle das alterações músculo-esqueléticas. Para avaliar efeitos da cinesioterapia no assoalho pélvico durante a gravidez,utilizamos a perineometria com e sem "biofeedback" e a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico, e correlacionamos os valores da avaliação funcional com as perineometrias. Os efeitos da cinesioterapia nos músculos do assoalho pélvico revelaram aumento significativo na pressão e na força durante a gestação. Durante o período gestacional houve correlação positiva e significativa entre a avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico e as perineometrias / Kinesiotherapy applied to this musculature during pregnancy is a useful tool in the control of musculoskeletal alterations. To evaluate the effects of pelvic floor kinesiotherapy during pregnancy by perineometry with and without biofeedback and by functional evaluation of the pelvic floor, and to correlated functional evaluation and perineometric readings. Analysis of the effects of kinesiotherapy on pelvic floor muscles revealed a significant increase in pressure and strength during pregnancy. In addition, a positive and significant correlation between functional evaluation of the pelvic floor and perineometric readings was observed during the gestational period

So, Chun Lung. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-196). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; appendix in Chinese.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by dysfunctional motor coordination, balance problems, and loss of selective motor control. Motor coordination exhibited as co-contraction, has been subjectively quantified using gait analysis, but recent studies have begun to objectively analyze the amount of co-contraction by collecting electromyography (EMG) data. Center of pressure excursion (COPE) measurements collected during a single leg standing test (SLST) have shown to be more valid measurements of balance in populations with motor disabilities than a SLST alone. A recent study has correlated increased COPE velocity with a lower fall risk as determined by reported fall frequency, suggesting a more objective measure of fall risk. The current study aimed to determine if the fall risk calculated by COPE velocity in children with CP is correlated with co-contraction index value in various muscle synergy groups. It was hypothesized that i) co-contraction index values will differ between high and low fall risk groups, ii) there will be preferential activation of different synergy groups within the high and low fall risk groups, and iii) there will be a negative and direct correlation between COPE velocity and co-contraction index values for all synergy groups. METHODS: Fall risk grouping was determined by average COPE velocity values calculated from previously reported fall frequency groups. Balance ability was determined by COPE measurements during a SLST on a force plate. Muscle synergy groups were determined by common muscle pairings at the hip, knee and ankle. Co-contraction indices were determined from linear envelopes plotted from muscle group EMG data. An independent t-test was run on muscle synergy groups between high and low fall risk groups. Nonparametric Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc tests were run on the high and low fall risk groups separately to determine differences in co-contraction index value within high and low fall risk groups. A Pearson correlation analyzed COPE velocity and co-contraction index value. RESULTS: No significant differences in muscle synergy between the high and low fall risk groups were found (p = 0.476, 0.076, 0.064, 0.364). The ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests for high fall risk group found significant differences in co-activation index value between the sagittal hip and frontal hip groups (p = 0.022) and sagittal hip and ankle groups (p = 0.016). Low fall risk group was found to have significant differences between the sagittal hip and frontal hip groups (p = 0.038) and frontal hip and knee groups (p = 0.012). Weak and negative correlations were found between COPE velocity and both knee and ankle groups (r = -0.309, -0.323, p = 0.059, 0.050). Negligible and insignificant correlations were found between frontal hip and sagittal hip synergies and COPE velocity ((r = 0.013, -0.068, p = 0.475, 0.367). CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to claim that muscle group activations are different depending on fall risk grouped by COPE velocity. It is not currently possible to correlate COPE velocity to a specific synergy group recruitment. However, data do suggest that sagittal hip and knee strategies are recruited more than ankle and frontal hip strategies during SLST.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser. Del av upplagan utan uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).