Six Chilean music theory instructors participated in an anonymous survey applied over an online platform between April and October of 2017. These instructors were invited to participate in this study because of their role in teaching music theory at influential institutions, each of which is ranked among the top ten best universities in Chile. The questions included in the survey relate to the terminology used to refer to music elements upon which current American music theory textbooks consistently agree, and that are usually taught during the first two years of undergraduate studies in accredited American music schools: types of cadences, periods, sentences, types of 6/4 chords, augmented sixth chords, tonicization, modulation, binary form, and the exposition of the sonata form. Music theory terminology and its standardization facilitates the communication of the participants of the domain, as well as the transmission of knowledge and practice of the field. This characteristic of music terminology is an essential pedagogical tool for the training of musicians, especially undergraduate students. In order to evaluate and compare the level of standardization of music theory terminology used by Chilean instructors, this research will first assess the level of standardization of seven American music theory textbooks, and one British textbook.

The thesis consists of two parts. One is directed towards municipal music schools, and one deals with music teacher education at university level. The purpose was to investigate the recruitment to these two educations, and to describe and explain how different student groups perceived and used their education. Five empirical studies have been accomplished, and central questions were: which deliberate and non-deliberate choices of musical activities are made by children and music students, and how are these choices affected by socio-economical, geographical and gender prerequisites.Theoretically, the first part of the thesis was based on the educational sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and on previous empirical studies in music pedagogy. The first empirical study was directed towards the recruitment of pupils to the municipal music school in Piteå (n=1085). The study showed that two out of three pupils are girls. Furthermore, it was twice as common among children of higher employees and university graduates to study at the music school than among children with working class backgrounds. The second empirical study was an interview with children, 12-13 years of age (n=369). The results indicated that boys and girls understand and use music and music education in significantly different ways. Furthermore, differences related to socioeconomic background, musical background and residential area were also shown.The second part of the thesis begins with a summary of the origin and scientific basis of Swedish music pedagogy, followed by an investigation regarding recruitment to the music teacher education at the School of Music in Piteå (n=177). The investigation indicated that recruitment is socially biased, similar to that of the municipal music school. One third of the music teacher students were recruited from families where one of the parents worked as a teacher. One out of three students came from homes where religion was an important part of family life. In an interview-study with 60 music teacher students, differences related to gender and educational orientation arose in how students looked upon and used their education. The study showed two attitudes to music and music education, which were linked to the following concepts: musician code and teacher code. In connection with these concepts, three action strategies could be identified: navigation, revolt, and adjustment. These strategies were interpreted as an expression of the tension between the demands of the education and the individuals' wish to have his or her interests and needs met. The dissertation concludes with a project called "Self-formulated goals and self-evaluation in music education" and a short forward-looking discussion pertaining to questions that have been generated throughout the entire research process. / digitalisering@umu

This study examines the similarities and differences between four guitar teachers in Sweden and the U.S. The aim of the study is to examine how teachers motivate their pedagogical standpoints and to analyze how they experience the frame factors that limit their teaching. Data were collected through interviews with two Swedish teachers and two American teachers. The result shows that the teachers, despite their seemingly different contexts, actually have a lot of common strategies and approaches. Most significant is the tendency to let the students decide some of the content of the lessons. The study also shows that the diverse historical backgrounds that have influenced the teachers differently still have a great significance of how the teachers act in their own teaching.

”Many  Stories,  Many  Memories” was a participatory creative music project carried out in collaboration with three professional musicians, a group of seven senior residents and the occupational therapist of “Suomikoti”-elderly home in Stockholm, February 20th – March 21st 2013 . The aim of the project was to build community feeling, participation and operation for the elderly people with dementia by intervening musically in their everyday lives. During the eight workshop-sessions, improvisation pieces were created by using song, text, fine arts, percussion instruments, body percussion, piano, kantele, and violin.The emphasized qualities of the project’s musical working methods were contextuality, and person-centered and focus group - oriented approaches. The purpose of multi-sensor exercises  was  to  support  the  participants’  sense  of  body  and reinforce their identity. The project, during which the musicians and the group of seniors met in the field of performing arts, was completed with a collectively composed semi-improvised concert, which was performed to an audience consisting of the residents and staff of Suomikoti, as well as family members.“Many  Memories,  Many  Stories”  was  my  Professional Integration Project (PIP) in the international Joint Music Master for New Audience and Innovative Practice – Master Degree Program (NAIP) at on the Royal College of Music in Stockholm. Observational periods at local Stockholm elderly homes as well as a preparatory project were conducted prior to the PIP-project. The goal of the PIP-project and this Master Thesis was to create new empiric data on the potentials of creative participatory music workshops for elderly care. This project’s musical intervention was carried out as practice-based research, and was documented session by session both in written reflections and on video for data- analysis. Semi-structured thematic interviews were also conducted for obtaining data. The interviewees were professional practitioners on the fields of music and health-care.The outcomes of the project reveal that intensive participation in the project had positive effects  on  the  people’s motor skills, creativity, expression, social interaction and self- esteem, which by enriching their everyday lives improve their general quality of life.Attached to this Master Thesis are two videos; a documentary-DVD describing the process of the project, and an edition of the”Many  Memories,  Many  Stories”-concert in full length. The documentary DVD contains mainly video-footage from the workshop sessions. / <p>Bilaga: 1 DVD</p>

Poor breath management is problematic for singing. Voice students and singing teachers typically attribute breath management issues to abdominal-diaphragmatic breathing technique. The present study seeks to determine whether glottal insufficiency may also contribute to singer’s breath management problems. Studies have revealed a relationship between incomplete vocal fold closure and inefficiency in the speaking voice. However, the effect of incomplete vocal fold closure on vocal efficiency in singers has yet to be determined. Since the larynx cannot be observed without the assistance of clinical instrumentation, not readily available in the voice studio, issues at the glottal level may be underappreciated as a contributor to poor breath management in the singer. Two groups of voice students identified with and without breath management problems underwent aerodynamic and acoustic voice assessment as well as videostroboscopy of the vocal folds to quantify the prevalence of incomplete vocal fold closure. These assessments revealed four groups: (1) those with glottic insufficiency and no perceived breathiness; (2) those with glottic sufficiency and perceived breathiness; (3) those with glottic insufficiency and perceived breathiness; and, (4) those with glottic sufficiency and no perceived breathiness. Results suggest that previously undiscovered glottal insufficiency is common, though the correlation with identified breath management problems was not statistically significant. Acoustic and aerodynamic measures including noise-to-harmonics ratio, maximum phonation time, airflow rate, subglottal pressure and laryngeal airway resistance were most sensitive to glottic insufficiency.

Musicians are universally reliant on practice to improve and perfect their craft and there is substantial evidence that suggests mastery can only be achieved after 10,000 hours of practice early in life. This dissertation explores the validity of this theory as it pertains to master percussionists and examines their discoveries and recommendations as to how those 10,000 hours should best be spent. Research sources include selected published literature and personal interviews with thirty-six percussionists, conducted between 2010- 2013. The research is summarized in the following six sections: the 10,000-hour threshold; planning a practice session; warming up; learning new music; problem spots; and performance preparation. The primary goal of this dissertation is to detail the specific practice methods currently implemented by many of today’s most successful percussionists. This research should reveal the various ways success can be achieved in the practice room and help aspiring and accomplished professionals alike explore and integrate new practice methods and philosophies into their own careers and the careers of their students.

Der Umgang mit der musikalischen Fachsprache wird in den meisten Lehrplänen für den Musikunterricht der Sekundarstufe I gefordert. Allerdings fehlt nicht nur in den Lehrplänen, sondern auch in der musikdidaktischen Literatur eine inhaltliche Ausgestaltung dieser Forderung. Über Inhalt, Umfang und Ziel der in der Schule anzuwendenden musikalischen Fachsprache herrscht daher keine Klarheit. Empirische Untersuchungen zu den sprachlichen Inhalten im Musikunterricht liegen ebenfalls nicht vor. Auch in vielen anderen Unterrichtsfächern ist die Forschungslage die sprachlichen Inhalte betreffend überschaubar. Mit der Verwendung von Sprache sind jedoch nicht nur Kommunikationsprozesse verbunden, sondern gleichzeitig Lernprozesse innerhalb der Sprache, von der Wortschatzerweiterung bis zur Herstellung von inhaltlich-thematischen Zusammenhängen. Diese Lernprozesse werden beeinflusst von der Wortwahl der Lernenden und Lehrenden. Die Wortwahl der Lernenden lässt gleichzeitig einen Schluss zu auf den Stand des Wissens und dessen Vernetzung. Auf dieser Basis ist der sprachliche Inhalt des Musikunterrichtes der Gegenstand der vorgelegten Arbeit. Ziel der Studie war herauszu¬finden, inwieweit es gelingen kann, durch die Art und Weise des Einsatzes und den Umfang von Fachsprache im Musikunterricht Lernprozesse effektiver und erfolgreicher zu gestalten und besser an Gegenwarts- und Zukunftsbedürfnissen der Lernenden auszurichten. / Dealing with the musical technical terminology is required in most curricula for the teaching of music in the secondary school level. However, lacking in the curriculum and in the music didactic literature a substantive aspect of this requirement. About the content, scope and purpose of the applicable school musical technical terminology, there is no clarity. Empirical studies on the linguistic content in music lessons are also not available. In many other subjects, the research situation, the linguistic content is rare. With the use of language are connected communication processes and learning processes within the language of the vocabulary extension to the production of content and thematic connections. These learning processes are influenced by the choice of words the students and teachers. The wording of the learners can be at the same time a conclusion as to the state of knowledge and its networking. On this basis, the linguistic content of the music teaching is the subject of this study. The aim of the study was to find out discover what extent it possible to make by way of the use and scope of the technical language in music teaching learning process more effective and more successful and better align to current and future needs of the learner.

A pesquisa situa-se no campo da pedagogia da música, especificamente nas relações que estruturam a integração entre música e histórias infantis. O objetivo é compreender de que modo a articulação entre música e história promove o interesse e engajamento das crianças, criando-se um espaço que facilita o desenrolar pedagógico das aulas. O pressuposto é que essa articulação de fato ocorre, necessitando ser desvelada mediante a identificação de suas propriedades. O referencial teórico apresenta o ambiente sonoro e musical da criança, literatura infantil e infância, e a importância da música e da história infantil na sala de aula. Foram observados 23 encontros de musicalização com crianças de 0 a 4 anos, no período de outubro a dezembro do ano de 2009. As observações foram registradas em forma de episódios, com descrições do contexto geral da aula, sinopse da história trabalhada e atividades musicais realizadas. As análises enfocaram as manifestações de interesse da criança como indicador do seu engajamento, procurando identificar de que modo e em quais circunstâncias esse engajamento ocorre. Os resultados mostram que as relações entre música e histórias infantis apresentam propriedades comuns e complementares, caracterizando-se pela interdependência mútua. A música insere-se na história infantil auxiliando a compreensão e interpretação do seu enredo, enquanto recebe dela os fundamentos da imaginação necessários para criar e se expressar musicalmente. Os resultados poderão contribuir na construção dos fundamentos pedagógicos para a educação infantil, fornecendo argumentos em favor da música e das histórias infantis na formação da criança. / This study is located in the field of music education, specifically in the relationships organizing the integration between music and children's stories. The objective is to comprehend the way the articulation between music and story promotes child interest and engagement, creating a space that facilitates educational development of classes. It is presupposed that this articulation in fact occurs, needing to be unveiled through identification of its properties. The theoretical reference presents children’s sound and music environment, children’s literature and childhood, and the important of music and children’s stories in the classroom. 23 music education gatherings with children aged 0-4 were observed from October to December of 2009. Observations were recorded in the form of episodes, with descriptions of the general class context, a synopsis of the story worked with and musical activities carried out. The analyses focused on manifestations of children’s interest as indicators of their engagement, seeking to identity how and under what circumstances engagement takes place. The results demonstrate that the relationships between music and children’s stories share common and complementary properties, being characterized by mutual interdependence. Music is inserted into a children's story to aid in comprehension and interpretation of its plot, while it receives in return the bases for imagination necessary to musical creation and expression. The results will be able to contribute to building educational bases for children’s education, supplying arguments in favor of the music and in children's stories in childhood education.

A pesquisa situa-se no campo da pedagogia da música, especificamente nas relações que estruturam a integração entre música e histórias infantis. O objetivo é compreender de que modo a articulação entre música e história promove o interesse e engajamento das crianças, criando-se um espaço que facilita o desenrolar pedagógico das aulas. O pressuposto é que essa articulação de fato ocorre, necessitando ser desvelada mediante a identificação de suas propriedades. O referencial teórico apresenta o ambiente sonoro e musical da criança, literatura infantil e infância, e a importância da música e da história infantil na sala de aula. Foram observados 23 encontros de musicalização com crianças de 0 a 4 anos, no período de outubro a dezembro do ano de 2009. As observações foram registradas em forma de episódios, com descrições do contexto geral da aula, sinopse da história trabalhada e atividades musicais realizadas. As análises enfocaram as manifestações de interesse da criança como indicador do seu engajamento, procurando identificar de que modo e em quais circunstâncias esse engajamento ocorre. Os resultados mostram que as relações entre música e histórias infantis apresentam propriedades comuns e complementares, caracterizando-se pela interdependência mútua. A música insere-se na história infantil auxiliando a compreensão e interpretação do seu enredo, enquanto recebe dela os fundamentos da imaginação necessários para criar e se expressar musicalmente. Os resultados poderão contribuir na construção dos fundamentos pedagógicos para a educação infantil, fornecendo argumentos em favor da música e das histórias infantis na formação da criança. / This study is located in the field of music education, specifically in the relationships organizing the integration between music and children's stories. The objective is to comprehend the way the articulation between music and story promotes child interest and engagement, creating a space that facilitates educational development of classes. It is presupposed that this articulation in fact occurs, needing to be unveiled through identification of its properties. The theoretical reference presents children’s sound and music environment, children’s literature and childhood, and the important of music and children’s stories in the classroom. 23 music education gatherings with children aged 0-4 were observed from October to December of 2009. Observations were recorded in the form of episodes, with descriptions of the general class context, a synopsis of the story worked with and musical activities carried out. The analyses focused on manifestations of children’s interest as indicators of their engagement, seeking to identity how and under what circumstances engagement takes place. The results demonstrate that the relationships between music and children’s stories share common and complementary properties, being characterized by mutual interdependence. Music is inserted into a children's story to aid in comprehension and interpretation of its plot, while it receives in return the bases for imagination necessary to musical creation and expression. The results will be able to contribute to building educational bases for children’s education, supplying arguments in favor of the music and in children's stories in childhood education.

A pesquisa situa-se no campo da pedagogia da música, especificamente nas relações que estruturam a integração entre música e histórias infantis. O objetivo é compreender de que modo a articulação entre música e história promove o interesse e engajamento das crianças, criando-se um espaço que facilita o desenrolar pedagógico das aulas. O pressuposto é que essa articulação de fato ocorre, necessitando ser desvelada mediante a identificação de suas propriedades. O referencial teórico apresenta o ambiente sonoro e musical da criança, literatura infantil e infância, e a importância da música e da história infantil na sala de aula. Foram observados 23 encontros de musicalização com crianças de 0 a 4 anos, no período de outubro a dezembro do ano de 2009. As observações foram registradas em forma de episódios, com descrições do contexto geral da aula, sinopse da história trabalhada e atividades musicais realizadas. As análises enfocaram as manifestações de interesse da criança como indicador do seu engajamento, procurando identificar de que modo e em quais circunstâncias esse engajamento ocorre. Os resultados mostram que as relações entre música e histórias infantis apresentam propriedades comuns e complementares, caracterizando-se pela interdependência mútua. A música insere-se na história infantil auxiliando a compreensão e interpretação do seu enredo, enquanto recebe dela os fundamentos da imaginação necessários para criar e se expressar musicalmente. Os resultados poderão contribuir na construção dos fundamentos pedagógicos para a educação infantil, fornecendo argumentos em favor da música e das histórias infantis na formação da criança. / This study is located in the field of music education, specifically in the relationships organizing the integration between music and children's stories. The objective is to comprehend the way the articulation between music and story promotes child interest and engagement, creating a space that facilitates educational development of classes. It is presupposed that this articulation in fact occurs, needing to be unveiled through identification of its properties. The theoretical reference presents children’s sound and music environment, children’s literature and childhood, and the important of music and children’s stories in the classroom. 23 music education gatherings with children aged 0-4 were observed from October to December of 2009. Observations were recorded in the form of episodes, with descriptions of the general class context, a synopsis of the story worked with and musical activities carried out. The analyses focused on manifestations of children’s interest as indicators of their engagement, seeking to identity how and under what circumstances engagement takes place. The results demonstrate that the relationships between music and children’s stories share common and complementary properties, being characterized by mutual interdependence. Music is inserted into a children's story to aid in comprehension and interpretation of its plot, while it receives in return the bases for imagination necessary to musical creation and expression. The results will be able to contribute to building educational bases for children’s education, supplying arguments in favor of the music and in children's stories in childhood education.