O presente trabalho se propôs a investigar como os estagiários de música desenvolvem sua ação pedagógica a partir dos saberes docentes mobilizados e socializados na atividade de estágio. Os trabalhos de Lee S. Shulman (1986, 1987, 2004), Maurice Tardif (2002) e Clermont Gauthier et al. (1998) fundamentam o referencial teórico desta investigação. A partir desses autores, discuto o conceito de ação pedagógica; a natureza dos saberes docentes e o conceito de saberes da ação pedagógica. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi o estudo de casos. Os participantes desta pesquisa foram dois estagiários que realizavam sua prática docente em aulas coletivas de música no ensino fundamental. A coleta de dados utilizou diferentes técnicas: 1) entrevistas semi-estruturadas; 2) entrevistas focadas com técnica de estimulação de memória; 3) observação naturalista, não participante; 4) gravação em vídeo das aulas observadas; e 5) análise de documentos escritos dos estagiários. A hermenêutica fenomenológica de Gadamer (1997) orientou o diálogo interpretativo com os dados. A interpretação realizada destacou dois pilares de análise: o contexto formativo e interativo da atividade de estágio; e o desenvolvimento da ação pedagógica dos estagiários. Esses pilares são interdependentes e implicam a relação dialética entre a mobilização e a socialização de saberes. Os saberes desenvolvidos pelos estagiários em sua ação pedagógica têm uma natureza própria que reflete a gestão interativa em sala de aula. Esses saberes são saberes experienciais que, validados e legitimados na mobilização e socialização, podem ser identificados como saberes da ação pedagógico-musical. Esta tese defende o reconhecimento destes saberes como base teórica para a formação de professores de música e para o desenvolvimento da profissionalidade docente em música. / This doctoral dissertation investigates how the student music teachers develop their pedagogical action through the use of a knowledge base that is mobilized and socialized during preservice teaching practice. Authors such as Lee S. Shulman (1986, 1987, 2004), Maurice Tardif (2002) and Clermont Gauthier (1998) provide the theoretical premises for this investigation. Based upon the work of these authors, the research discusses the concept of pedagogical action; the nature of teaching knowledge bases; and the underlying concept of pedagogical action knowledge bases. The research methodology adopted entailed case studies. Two student music teachers, who were undergoing preservice field experience with groups of primaryschool students, participated in the research project. Various data collection techniques were employed: 1) semi-structured interviews; 2) focused stimulation recall sessions; 3) naturalistic non-participative observation; 4) video recordings of classes; and 5) analysis of documents written by the student teachers. Gadamer’s phenomenological hermeneutics (1997) guided interpretative dialogue on the data. This interpretation underscored two pillars of analysis: the formative and interactive context of pre-service activities; and the development of pedagogical action on the part of student teachers. These pillars are interdependent and rely on the dialectic relationship between mobilization and socialization of the knowledge base. Knowledge developed by the student teachers in the course of their pedagogical activities is of a singular nature, which reflects their interactive action in the classroom. Such knowledge arises from the experiential knowledge base which, validated and legitimized through mobilization and socialization, can be identified as the pedagogical-musical action knowledge base. This thesis advocates acknowledgment of such knowledge bases as the theoretical premises for musicteacher development and for preparation of professionally qualified music teachers.

Orientador: Ricardo Goldemberg / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T16:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Otutumi_CristianeHatsueVital_M.pdf: 1501426 bytes, checksum: 2b2bc68b8099e4b66f07d7f496cd5c59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por finalidade investigar a situação atual em que se encontra a disciplina Percepção Musical no âmbito dos cursos superiores de música do Brasil. Através dos professores atuantes de todo país, foi possível observar a estrutura e o perfil da disciplina no programa curricular como, por exemplo, a quantidade de docentes, de horas de aula, de alunos nas classes, além de opiniões quanto a cuidados pedagógicos, ouvido absoluto e qualidades necessárias para um bom professor da matéria. Para a conquista desses dados duas abordagens metodológicas foram utilizadas: a pesquisa quantitativa, por meio de questionários aplicados a sessenta docentes, representantes de 89,65% das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que oferecem cursos de música no país, e a pesquisa qualitativa, pelas entrevistas realizadas com cinco professores. O processo de organização, tratamento e interpretação das informações foi duradouro, porém, criterioso e fundamentado na análise de conteúdo segundo Bardin (2002). Então, nesse estudo, percentuais e tabelas caminham lado a lado com reflexões sobre os resultados obtidos. Inicialmente, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica para contextualizar o meio em que se encaixa a disciplina bem como apresentar o que autores da área já relataram sobre o assunto. Ao aprofundar tais buscas viu-se necessário conhecer a quantidade de trabalhos acadêmicos e materiais didáticos relacionados, portanto, há um texto específico no capítulo um. Reunindo todas as vertentes de conteúdos foi possível verificar que embora iniciativas isoladas tenham existido há muito tempo, uma maior movimentação sobre o tema vem acontecendo nos últimos anos. Os índices percentuais confirmam queixas e afirmações cotidianas dos docentes, revelam fatos novos, e, além disso, os depoimentos contribuíram ricamente nos aspectos didáticos da disciplina. Com isso, um panorama minucioso da Percepção Musical no Brasil é apresentado nessa dissertação / Abstract: The main objective of the present work was to investigate the situation of the discipline Musical Perception, within undergraduate courses in Brazil nowadays. Amongst professors from all over the country, it became possible to observe both structures and profile of the discipline in the curricular program as, for example, the quantity of professors, class hours, students in classrooms, besides opinions about pedagogical concerns, absolute ear and necessary qualities a good teacher should have to teach the subject. Two methodological approaches were used in order to reach these results: quantitative research, in which questionnaires were applied among sixty professors, who represented 89.65% of the Colleges that offer music courses in the country; and qualitative research, through interviews with five professors. The process of organization and interpretation of their information took long, but was criterious and based on the analyses of content according to Bardin (2002). So, in this study, percentages and tables go along with reflections about the obtained results. Initially, a bibliographical review was conducted to contextualize about the discipline, and also show what authors of the field have already told about this subject. When this search became more profound, getting to know the amount of academic work and related didactic material turned into a necessity, thus, there is an specific text about it in the first chapter. Gathering all trends of contents made possible to verify that, although isolated initiatives have been taken for a long time, the most effervescence about the subject has only taken place in the last years. The percentage indexes confirm complaints, and professor¿s daily assertations reveal new facts, and moreover, their testimonies have immensely contributed to didactical aspects of the discipline. This way, a meticulous overview of the Musical Perception is presented in this dissertation / Mestrado / Mestre em Música

Orientador: José Eduardo Ribeiro de Paiva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T17:58:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Onofrio_RobertoMarcosGomesde_M.pdf: 2102756 bytes, checksum: 7ce68543cc66d4b054b69ae0c909444e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Uma nova modalidade de ensino vem ganhando espaço graças ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e a facilidade de acesso a meios de transmissão e comunicação: o ensino à distância (EAD) usando a Web como interface. Em música essa modalidade ainda gera muita desconfiança e sofre muita rejeição por parte de alunos e professores. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir com as pesquisas nessa nova modalidade de ensino, propondo um modelo prático para criação de cursos em EAD por meio de uma reflexão entre os aspectos da EAD, aplicados ao ambiente musical. A pesquisa é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira parte discorre sobre a educação à distância, abordagens pedagógicas, formas de interação e tipos de mídias. A segunda, sobre o ensino de música, tratando do ensino do instrumento violão, e todas as outras matérias do aprendizado musical. A terceira, sobre como da educação à distância pode ser trabalhada no ensino musical. E, a quarta, apresenta um projeto de curso de música em EAD implantado na plataforma TELEDUC / Abstract: A new way of teaching is gaining space due to technological development and ease of accessing transmission and communication media, namely distance learning (DL), employing the web as interface. In music this area still gives rise to distrust, suffering from considerable rejection by teachers and students. This work has as goal contributing with research in this new teaching area, proposing a practical model for the creation of new DL courses through reflection on the DL aspects applied to the musical environment. This research is divided in four parts: firstly distance learning, pedagogical approaches, ways of interaction and media types are discussed. In the second part the music teaching regarding classical guitar is discussed along with other aspects of musical education. The third part shows how distance learning may be employed in musical teaching. Finally, a project of a DL musical course implemented in TELEDUC platform is presented / Mestrado / Música, Teoria, Criação e Prática / Mestre em Música

Years now, sound-based music has been struggling to reach a wider public. Research supports that in order to promote sound-based music, it should be introduced at an early age in someone’s life to have the opportunity to familiarise himself/herself with it and accept it (Kopiez and Lehmann, 2008). This thesis investigates the implementation of sound-based music in public schools in Cyprus. Building on previous research aiming to introduce sound-based music ideas and concepts into the music classrooms (Savage, 2005; Higgins and Jennings, 2006; Wolf, 2008; Holland, 2011), this research aims at creating a sound-based music curriculum that will be appropriate for the implementation in such a teaching-learning environment in Cyprus. The research focuses on the Educational Reform Programme of Cyprus (2008-2015), which aims at modernising the Cypriot education system. This project offers the opportunity to investigate a set of sound-based music lesson plans, implemented in music classrooms. The research examines the reactions of teachers and students towards these lessons, and the evaluation of the lesson plans in order to be suitable for primary and secondary schools of Cyprus. It is an interdisciplinary project, allowing for educational as well as musical concepts to inform its content and structure. The research follows a grounded theory methodology, utilising a mixed-methods approach involving multi-site case studies and action research. In total of six schools, with six teachers and 117 students, eight different sound-based music lesson plans were created, implemented and evaluated, in a total of 18 lesson periods. During these lessons, a combination of questionnaires, interviews, observations, visual data and tests have facilitated the collection of both qualitative and quantitative information relating to the teachers, the students and the lesson plans. Findings of this research identify that the specific set of lesson plans implemented in the schools is considered as appropriate to be used in the music classrooms of Cyprus. The sound-based music lessons introduced new ways of using ICT in the music classroom, supporting the national initiatives of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Cyprus. It was also identified that these lessons offer an inclusive education, with creative activities, engaging students with the learning experience. However, the outcomes of the research recognised the need to understand the multidimensional change necessary to take place before such an implementation, such as the need to resolve any teachers’ concerns relating to the implementation of innovative material as well as any issues related to the equipment.

The focus of this study thus was to establish if the training of teachers at a particular teachers’ training college in Zimbabwe is equipping students as future teachers with the required competences to realise the aims and objectives of the Zimbabwe Primary Music Syllabus. This study follows on the above-mentioned initial small-scale investigation conducted in 2002, which revealed that teachers lacked the required competences to implement this particular syllabus effectively (Mufute, 2002:16).

This study examines the current curriculum for primary schools in South Africa – Curriculum 2005 (C2005) and the subsequent Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS), with Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) as its fundamental educational approach - with specific reference to the place of music education in it. While the underlying principles and scope of this curriculum has many positive attributes, numerous studies have shown that there are still major stumbling blocks in the way of its successful implementation. Since the emphasis of the Arts and Culture Learning Area is on the nurturing of generic values and attitudes towards culture, it does not provide for sufficient development of subject-specific musical skills and knowledge. Instead this vital form of musical learning continues to be provided in the form of extra-curricular music programmes by those few schools who have the staff expertise and the funding to do so. Music therefore remains accessible only to the privileged few. .Although C2005 encourages and requires significant levels of integration in Learning Outcomes and Assessment Standards within and across Learning Areas, this is currently one of the least successful aspects of its implementation. This lack of success, it is argued, is in part the result of severe limitations in the training of teachers and the availability of necessary resources in schools, and in part the result of the curriculum’s own limited interpretation of integration. Psychologist Dr Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a holistic approach to education that stresses, amongst other things, that Musical Intelligence is one of eight vital forms of intelligence that should be accessible to all children. It is argued that educational approaches based on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory provide some insights into the integration of Musical Intelligence with other forms of learning that may usefully be applied in C2005.

As a member of the MEUSSA (Music Education Unit Standards for Southern Africa) research project, the author in this dissertation explored the Culture and Arts learning area in South Africa. It departs from the premise that Arts Education is essential for human development. The proposed Culture and Arts learning area is a programme where the Visual Arts, Dance, Drama and Music are integrated. A broad holistic approach that would provide a general background to the Arts to all learners in South Africa is envisaged. Current South African education stresses that learners should develop their creative and critical thinking powers and their problem-solving abilities. The adopted system of Outcomes-based education (OBE) and its application to the Culture and Arts learning area have the potential to facilitate these aims. The most relevant philosophical, psychological and didactic principles for heterogeneous South African education are those that encourage independent and creative thinking such as Metacognitive learning, the theory of Multiple Intelligences and theories on contextualised intelligence. The South African Qualifications Authority framework and the writing of unit standards for the Culture and Arts learning area are explored in Chapter 3. Unit standards for the Culture and Arts learning area (level 1) and for Music as an elective (levels 1-4) are the focus of respectively Chapters 4 and 5. The MEUSSA group adopted the MEUSSA model to map unit standards for Music as an elective. The author, however, extended the model to include the integrated Culture and Arts learning area. It is concluded that conceptualised and contextualised learning is essential for appreciation and understanding of the Arts. The MEUSSA. model provides structures for meaningful and synoptic learning for all learners in South Africa. / Dissertation (MMus (Music Education))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / unrestricted

Orientador: Jorge Luiz Schroeder / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:49:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_JairoPerin_M.pdf: 3197468 bytes, checksum: 78d677feff8fcb1d28686d8a821001c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: No mundo em que vivemos, percebemos aumentar, a cada dia, a quantidade de sons em todos os ambientes e muitas vezes, esses sons característicos, nem sempre são saudáveis. A audição é um dos sentidos que tem sido muito estimulada nos dias atuais, porém, não se trata de um escuta voltada para uma percepção de mundo, mas ao contrário, uma escuta que é quase como um anestésico para a poluição sonora que tem se estabelecido. Diante disso, é possível pensar uma educação musical que possa atuar através da criação levando em consideração diferentes sonoridades e um novo "fazer musical". O presente trabalho apresenta o relato de duas experiências realizadas com alunos do Ensino Fundamental I na disciplina de Educação Musical ¿ Ecos da Floresta: suíte em quatro movimentos para orquestra de papel e Festa de São João -, onde é apresentada uma abordagem de aprendizagem significativa que objetiva convidar os alunos a buscarem, de forma lúdica, experiências e informações musicais, que os levem a adquirir novos conhecimentos e habilidades artísticas, enquanto participam de um projeto de cunho fortemente interdisciplinar. A primeira experiência se baseia nos preceitos da Ecologia Acústica, um termo cunhado por Murray Schafer e os modelos de improvisação proposto por Koellreutter. Trata-se de uma atividade educacional que gera artificialmente o correspondente a uma paisagem sonora de uma floresta tropical ¿ explorando o desenvolvimento cronológico de sua formação, sua deterioração e da sua reconstituição. Foram utilizados como matéria prima sonora, ruídos feitos com diferentes tipos de papel. Nesta proposta de criação artística, com elementos da música tonal e pós-tonal ¿ nas fronteiras entre o som, o silêncio e o ruído ¿ focou-se o desenvolvimento de uma ação interdisciplinar que promova o desenvolvimento individual e a evolução social dos alunos. A segunda experiência, além de propor uma investigação sobre os diversos modos de perceber, compreender e realizar as músicas, busca uma reflexão sobre como a preparação de um ambiente propício à aprendizagem é tão importante quanto os conteúdos e consequentemente, os novos papéis que cabem ao professor desempenhar nesta outra situação: os diálogos entre culturas. Isto inclui, dentre várias atitudes, considerar a possibilidade de diferentes formas de participação dos alunos nos eventos musicais propostos em aula. Trafego pelas áreas da educação musical e da etnomusicologia para compreender outras formas de concepção e mesmo de relação significativa com as músicas geradas pelas manifestações populares brasileiras. A partir, então, dos conceitos de "música participativa", proporcionar uma experiência estética baseada no fazer artístico e na interpretação de músicas que envolvem a voz, o gesto e a técnica instrumental. O exemplo do ator brincante, do mestre popular, pode servir como parâmetro de revisão do papel do professor de música em sala de aula. A partir da ideia de experiências multiculturais, buscar formas criativas capazes de envolver os alunos em práticas musicais que sejam significativas para eles. Propor, então, uma ação educativa interdisciplinar pautada numa arte expressiva, auxiliadora na construção de valores sociais / Abstract: In the world we live in, we notice more and more, the increase of sound in all the environment and many times, they are not considered good for your health. Currently, the sense of hearing has been stimulated a great deal, however, not in the aspect of listening directed to the perception of the world around us, but the kind seen almost as an anesthetic against noise pollution. According to this, we could consider a type of music learning to work through creativity dealing with new sounds and a new "music creation". This work lists two experiments performed on grade school students in the Music Learning subject ¬¿ Ecos da Floresta (Forest Echos): suíte in four movements for the Orquestra de Papel (Paper Orchestra) and Festa de São João ¿, in which a crucial learning approach that focuses on helping students to find, in a playful way, experiences and music information that will allow them to acquire know-how and artistic skills while taking part of a multitask project. The first experiment is based on the Acoustic Ecology perception, a terminology coined by Murray Schafer as well as the improvisation models proposed by Koellreutter. This is a learning activity that creates artificially something similar to a noise soundscape from a tropical Forest ¿ exploring the chronological development of its creating, deterioration and reconstruction. As the raw material, sound and noise were created with different kinds of paper. In the proposed artistic creation, using elements from tonal and post tonal ¿ in the border between sound, silence and noise ¿ the focus was on developing a multitask action that would promote the individual development as well as the social evolution of students. The second experiment, in addition to the proposition to investigate the several methods of perception, understanding and play the music, deals with a reflection on how to prepare a suitable environment for learning which is as important as the content and consequently, the new roles of teachers in other aspects, i.e., dialogue between cultures. This also includes, among other attitudes, considering different ways from the students to participate in musical events that are proposed during classes. In addition it suggests going through music classes and ethnomusicology to understand other manners of conception as well as the important relationship with the music originating from popular manifestations in Brazil. Based on the "participative music", it should provide an esthetic experience based on the artistic performance and the interpretation of music that involve voice, gestures and musical techniques. The role of a playful actor, the popular teacher, can be used as a parameter to review the role of the music teacher during classes. Based on the multicultural experiences, they are creative methods able to involve students to perform music that mean something to them. Therefore, it proposes multitask learning aspects guided by expressive art to help build social values / Mestrado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Mestre em Música

Verbindungen zwischen Musik und Mathematik aus naturwissenschaftlicher, musiktheoretischer und pädagogischer Perspektive und deren did.-meth. Möglichkeiten im Unterricht der Grundschule

This thesis analyses transgenerational transmission of musical knowledge and skills, (i.e. methods of musical teaching and learning) in the community of Romani musicians in Klenovec and Kokava in Central Slovakia. The thesis questions widespread myth about innate musicality of Roma and suggests an alternative explanation for postulated musical excellence of Roma through differences in their musical education. In the first part of the thesis, the question of musical-talent heritability both in social and natural science is being discussed. It concludes that despite of long discussions and recent hints in the field of genetic, we cannot consider an inborn genetic component for Romani musicality. In the second part, theoretical differences in music-educational systems are discussed (Merriam, Van den Bos, Turino) and the majority's institutionalised system of musical education of the Czech Republic and Slovakia is presented. The third part is a comparison of the institutionalised system with traditional methods of musical learning and teaching inside musicians' community in Klenovec and Kokava. Specifics of these methods and their contribution to construction of Romani musicality are discussed. This part is based upon data collected during author's own ethnographic research (2013-2015). The final part of the...