Relire les lois du service public, c’est (re)mettre en question le socle des trois principes — égalité, continuité, adaptation constante — solidement établis et largement connus, depuis environ un siècle, comme structurant le régime juridique spécifique de l’ensemble des services publics ; c’est interroger l’actualité de ces principes généraux dans un contexte profondément renouvelé et, à travers elle, la pérennité du service public lui-même, en tant qu’objet juridique. Afin de dresser pareil bilan de santé, deux niveaux de relecture sont retenus. Il s’agit, en premier lieu, de revenir sur l’ensemble théorique que constituent aujourd’hui les lois d’égalité, de continuité et d’adaptation constante : ces dernières, devenues subsidiaires par rapport aux impératifs économique et gestionnaire, ne semblent plus être des données de premier ordre dans le système de pensée juridique des services publics ; elles continuent toutefois d’assurer l’unité de la notion de service public, notion réduite à la portion congrue. Il s’agit, en deuxième lieu, de reconsidérer chacune des lois séparément, dans son contenu : la signification respective des trois principes classiques a évolué et de « nouveaux principes » sont recherchés, ceux-ci n’étant pour l’essentiel que des déclinaisons plus ou moins nouvelles de ceux-là ; une tendance à leur subjectivisation est observable sans devoir être exagérée, les lois du service public continuant d’exprimer l’esprit objectiviste du service public. / Reviewing the laws of public service means questioning the foundation of the three principles — equality, continuity, mutability — that have been firmly rooted and widely known, for about a century, as structuring the specific legal regime of all public services. It also means questioning the developments of these general principles in a profoundly renewed context and, through it, the durability of the public service itself, as a legal object. To do so, two review levels are employed. On the one hand, we have to go back over the theoretical set of the laws of equality, continuity and mutability, which have become subsidiary to economic and managerial imperatives and as such no longer seem to be the most important considerations in the legal thought system of public services. However, they continue to ensure the unity of the notion of public service, a notion reduced to its bare bones. On the other hand, we have to reconsider each of the laws separately, in their content. The respective meanings of the three principles have changed and « new principles » are being sought, these being essentially newer variations of those. A tendency to give more consideration to the individuals involved when applying the laws can be observed but must not be exaggerated, as the laws of public service are continuing to express the objectivist spirit of the public service.

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Le Commentaire sur l’Ecclésiaste de saint Bonaventure se révèle être une œuvre importante dans la compréhension de la réflexion qui porte au XIII° siècle sur l’articulation entre philosophie et théologie. En effet, alors que le Commentaire reçoit une forme, la lectio, et s’apparente par sa méthode à la disputatio et à la praedicatio – toutes caractéristiques de la période scolastique –, il met en évidence l’apport de la philosophie à l’exégèse d’une part : l’importance du nombre des 89 questions au sein du Commentaire et le recours à la philosophie aristotélicienne et à la philosophie platonicienne permettent à saint Bonaventure en premier lieu de décrire et comprendre le monde, et en particulier sa mutabilité. Mais c’est aussi de la mutabilité des choses dans l’esprit de l’être humain qu’il s’agit. Quant à l’éthique, la philosophie donne des outils pour étudier la vertu. Enfin, la philosophie platonicienne fonde la distinction entre monde sensible et monde intelligible. Il met en évidence l’apport de l’exégèse à la philosophie d’autre part. Dans l’histoire de la curiosité comme concupiscence des yeux qui fait intervenir les notions centrales uti et frui. Dans l’histoire de l’anthropologie, en donnant une place très particulière à l’homme, comme union d’un corps mortel et d’une âme immortelle. Dans l’histoire de la notion d’ordre, que ce soit l’ordre de la sagesse régi par le nombre ou l’ordre de la bonté régi par le poids. Dans l’histoire de la connaissance de soi, quand l’âme se connaît comme miroir du monde et de Dieu. Toutes ces caractéristiques comptent parmi celles qui ont consacré comme un chef-d’œuvre le Commentaire de saint Bonaventure. / Saint Bonaventure’s Commentary on Ecclesiastes reveals itself as an important work to understand the reflection in the thirteenth century about the connection between philosophy and theology. Indeed, when the Commentary receives a form, the lectio, and is related by its method to the disputatio and to the praedicatio – all features of the scolastic period –, it makes obvious the contribution of philosophy to exegesis on the one hand. The importance of the number of the 89 questions within the Commentary, and the recourse to the aristotelician philosophy and to the platonician philosophy allow saint Bonaventure in the first place to describe and to understand the world, and particularly its mutability. But it is about mutability of things in the mind of human being too. As for ethic, philosophy gives tools to study virtue. At last, platonician philosophy founds the distinction between sensible world and intelligible world. It makes obvious the contribution of exegesis to philosophy on the other hand. In the history of curiosity as concupiscence of the eyes, which makes intervene the essential notions of uti and frui. In the history of anthropology, which gives a very special place to man, as union of a mortal body to an immortal soul. In the history of the notion of order, whether the order of wisdom, governed by number, or the order of goodness, governed by weight. In the history of knowledge of oneself, when the soul knows itself as mirror of the world and of God. All these characteristics are among those which have sanctioned as a masterpiece the Commentary of saint Bonaventure.

A pesquisa aborda o conceito de mutabilidade com vistas a contribuir para o processo e a análise de projetos de Habitação de Interesse Social e seu desempenho ambiental. A abordagem conceitual de mutabilidade e autonomia é desenvolvida sob a ótica da cibernética (ASHBY, 1957), cuja aplicação em projeto tem como referências o conceito de interdependências (YEANG, 1995) e o conceito de suportes ou support structure (HABRAKEN, 1999). A análise do Conjunto Habitacional Zezinho Magalhães Prado é importante para enfatizar estes conceitos explicitamente defendidos e aplicados pelos arquitetos autores do projeto, e que podem ser relacionados à qualidade ambiental do empreendimento observada após 40 anos de ocupação. O desempenho ambiental dos empreendimentos habitacionais é avaliado no Brasil através das certificações processo AQUA e selo Casa Azul. A análise comparativa destes processos de certificação e do Conjunto Habitacional Zezinho Magalhães Prado identificou o conceito de autonomia em arquitetura nas mudanças geradas a partir do diálogo contínuo entre o sistema edificado e o meio ambiente. Por fim, legibilidade e flexibilidade são novos critérios propostos para que, incorporados nos processos de certificação de empreendimentos de interesse social, venham a colaborar na perpetuação do desempenho ambiental conquistado pelo sistema edificado. / This research work discusses the concept of mutability so as to contribute to the process and the analysis of Social Housing projects and their environmental performance. From the concept of mutability there rises the concept of autonomy. The conceptual approach of mutability and autonomy is developed under the perspective of cybernetics (ASHBY, 1957), whose application to project takes as reference the concept of interdependence (YEANG, 1995) and the concept of support or support structure (HABRAKEN, 1999). The analysis of the Housing Complex Zezinho Magalhães Prado becomes important for the identification of those concepts as they were explicitly upheld and applied by the architects responsible for the project and which can be associated to the environmental quality of the housing development as observed after 40 years of use. The environmental performance of housing developments is evaluated in Brazil by means of the certifications AQUA process and Casa Azul stamp. The comparative analysis of these certification processes and the analysis carried out in the Housing Complex Zezinho Magalhães Prado enabled the identification of the concept of autonomy in architecture pinpointed as changes implemented from the ongoing dialogue between the built system and the environment. Lastly, legibility and flexibility are proposed as new criteria so that, once they have been incorporated into the certification processes related to social housing developments, they may contribute to maintain the environmental performance achieved with the stamp.

Este trabalho é uma análise crítica do tema da mutação constitucional. Buscouse a partir da revisitação de temas como o constitucionalismo e do conceito de Constituição, construir uma dogmática da mutabilidade das normas constitucionais e assim procedendo, verificar empiricamente, com base em precedentes da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, o acerto desta construção. Uma vez estabelecidas as bases para a verificação do fenômeno da mutação constitucional, foi possível parametrizar os limites possíveis a esta hipótese de atualização das normas constitucionais. Pois bem, nesses termos, fixado o conceito, verificado a sua aplicabilidade na jurisprudência, bem como estabelecidos os limites de sua utilização, foi possível ainda a partir da análise do contexto atual em que se insere o instituto, vislumbrar as hipóteses de sua aplicação futura. Em suma, trata-se de um trabalho no qual se tenta compreender o papel da jurisdição constitucional com respeito ao tema de mutabilidade das normas constitucionais, sobretudo diante da realidade pós-moderna circundante, que pela sua complexidade, influencia, sensivelmente, a normatividade dos preceitos legais e, notadamente, dos constitucionais, objeto principal do estudo. / This work is a critical analysis of the issue of constitutional change. We sought from revisiting issues such as constitutionalism and the concept of constitution building a dogmatic mutability of constitutional norms and in so doing, to verify empirically, based on the precedents jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, the correctness of this construction. Once established the basis for the verification of the phenomenon of constitutional change, it was possible to parameterize the possible limits to this hypothesis update of constitutional norms . Well , in these terms , the concept set, verifying their applicability in case law as well as established the limits of their use, it was still possible from the analysis of the current context in which it appears the institute, envision the chances of its future application. In short, it is a work in which one tries to understand the role of constitutional jurisdiction with respect to the theme of mutability of constitutional norms, particularly in the surrounding postmodern reality, which by their complexity, significantly influences the normativity of legal precepts and especially, constitutional, the main object of study.

Este trabalho é uma análise crítica do tema da mutação constitucional. Buscouse a partir da revisitação de temas como o constitucionalismo e do conceito de Constituição, construir uma dogmática da mutabilidade das normas constitucionais e assim procedendo, verificar empiricamente, com base em precedentes da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, o acerto desta construção. Uma vez estabelecidas as bases para a verificação do fenômeno da mutação constitucional, foi possível parametrizar os limites possíveis a esta hipótese de atualização das normas constitucionais. Pois bem, nesses termos, fixado o conceito, verificado a sua aplicabilidade na jurisprudência, bem como estabelecidos os limites de sua utilização, foi possível ainda a partir da análise do contexto atual em que se insere o instituto, vislumbrar as hipóteses de sua aplicação futura. Em suma, trata-se de um trabalho no qual se tenta compreender o papel da jurisdição constitucional com respeito ao tema de mutabilidade das normas constitucionais, sobretudo diante da realidade pós-moderna circundante, que pela sua complexidade, influencia, sensivelmente, a normatividade dos preceitos legais e, notadamente, dos constitucionais, objeto principal do estudo. / This work is a critical analysis of the issue of constitutional change. We sought from revisiting issues such as constitutionalism and the concept of constitution building a dogmatic mutability of constitutional norms and in so doing, to verify empirically, based on the precedents jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, the correctness of this construction. Once established the basis for the verification of the phenomenon of constitutional change, it was possible to parameterize the possible limits to this hypothesis update of constitutional norms . Well , in these terms , the concept set, verifying their applicability in case law as well as established the limits of their use, it was still possible from the analysis of the current context in which it appears the institute, envision the chances of its future application. In short, it is a work in which one tries to understand the role of constitutional jurisdiction with respect to the theme of mutability of constitutional norms, particularly in the surrounding postmodern reality, which by their complexity, significantly influences the normativity of legal precepts and especially, constitutional, the main object of study.

A pesquisa aborda o conceito de mutabilidade com vistas a contribuir para o processo e a análise de projetos de Habitação de Interesse Social e seu desempenho ambiental. A abordagem conceitual de mutabilidade e autonomia é desenvolvida sob a ótica da cibernética (ASHBY, 1957), cuja aplicação em projeto tem como referências o conceito de interdependências (YEANG, 1995) e o conceito de suportes ou support structure (HABRAKEN, 1999). A análise do Conjunto Habitacional Zezinho Magalhães Prado é importante para enfatizar estes conceitos explicitamente defendidos e aplicados pelos arquitetos autores do projeto, e que podem ser relacionados à qualidade ambiental do empreendimento observada após 40 anos de ocupação. O desempenho ambiental dos empreendimentos habitacionais é avaliado no Brasil através das certificações processo AQUA e selo Casa Azul. A análise comparativa destes processos de certificação e do Conjunto Habitacional Zezinho Magalhães Prado identificou o conceito de autonomia em arquitetura nas mudanças geradas a partir do diálogo contínuo entre o sistema edificado e o meio ambiente. Por fim, legibilidade e flexibilidade são novos critérios propostos para que, incorporados nos processos de certificação de empreendimentos de interesse social, venham a colaborar na perpetuação do desempenho ambiental conquistado pelo sistema edificado. / This research work discusses the concept of mutability so as to contribute to the process and the analysis of Social Housing projects and their environmental performance. From the concept of mutability there rises the concept of autonomy. The conceptual approach of mutability and autonomy is developed under the perspective of cybernetics (ASHBY, 1957), whose application to project takes as reference the concept of interdependence (YEANG, 1995) and the concept of support or support structure (HABRAKEN, 1999). The analysis of the Housing Complex Zezinho Magalhães Prado becomes important for the identification of those concepts as they were explicitly upheld and applied by the architects responsible for the project and which can be associated to the environmental quality of the housing development as observed after 40 years of use. The environmental performance of housing developments is evaluated in Brazil by means of the certifications AQUA process and Casa Azul stamp. The comparative analysis of these certification processes and the analysis carried out in the Housing Complex Zezinho Magalhães Prado enabled the identification of the concept of autonomy in architecture pinpointed as changes implemented from the ongoing dialogue between the built system and the environment. Lastly, legibility and flexibility are proposed as new criteria so that, once they have been incorporated into the certification processes related to social housing developments, they may contribute to maintain the environmental performance achieved with the stamp.

Connotational subtyping is an approach to typing that allows an object's type to change dynamically, following changes to the object's internal state. This allows for a more precise representation of a problem domain with logical objects that have variable behavior. Two approaches to supporting connotational subtyping in the Ruby programming language were implemented: a language-level implementation using pure Ruby and a modification to the Ruby 1.8.7 interpreter. While neither implementation was wholly successful the language level implementation created complications with reflective language features like self and super and, while Ruby 1.8.7 has been obsoleted by Ruby 1.9 (YARV), the results suggest that Chambers-style, predicate-based runtime type inference could be incorporated into Ruby with only some reduced interpreter performance.

O fenômeno do ativismo jurisdicional tem como causa a crise do direito. Uma releitura do tema a partir de uma perspectiva existencial permite concluir que sua origem assenta-se na perda do sentido da ocupação e preocupação do homem em relação ao direito. Esta crise articula-se, grosso modo, em dois níveis distintos. De um lado, pelo desgaste do modelo de racionalização contido na proposta da tripartição de poderes de Montesquieu; de outro, na perda do sentido do direito como forma de controle social no processo de incorporação da armação da técnica. Diante da anomia do legislador e do Estado aos desafios atuais em torno do direito, presencia-se, na atualidade, o aumento do ativismo jurisdicional na definição do conteúdo do direito continental. Dentro das possibilidades abertas no horizonte da experiência histórica, a evolução do direito continental permite constatar que esta se formou e perpetua-se a partir dos conceitos antagônicos de mutabilidade (em ajuste às necessidades da evolução da sociedade), mas também de segurança jurídica (representada pela norma posta). Um aumento do ativismo jurisdicional que pretenda preservar a experiência da tradição do direito continental exige que a ocupação e preocupação em torno do Direito se deem em aderência à experiência compartilhada dentro do mundo das vivências e no fino equilíbrio dos conceitos de normas sociais e de garantia, sem o que, no extremo da projeção do Dasein no horizonte de sua injunção social, teríamos inevitavelmente um processo de ruptura conceitual da experiência do Direito ou a anulação do Dasein perante o Direito. / The phenomenon of the jurisdictional activism is caused by the crisis of law. A re-reading of the theme from an existential perspective allows for the conclusion that its origin is based on the loss of mans care and concern sense regarding the law. Broadly, this crisis articulates in two distinct levels. On one side, by the rationalization model exhaustion contained in the tripartite division of powers proposed by Montesquieu; on the other side, in the loss of law sense as a way of social control in the incorporation process of the frame of the technique. As a consequence of the anomy of the legislature branch and the State to the current challenges around the law, the increase of the jurisdictional activism in the definition of the continental law content can be contemporarily noticed. Within the possibilities opened in the historical experience scope, the evolution of the continental law allows for the observation that it was formed and continues from the antagonistic concepts of mutability (adjusted to the evolution needs of the society), but also of legal security (represented by the rule provided for). An increase of the jurisdictional activism intending to preserve the experience of the continental law tradition requires that the care and concern concerning the law comply with the experience shared within the world of experiences and in the fine balance of the social rules and guarantee concepts, without which, in the extreme of the Dasein projection in the scope of its social injunction, we would inevitably have a process of conceptual rupture of the law experience or annulment of Dasein before the law.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 442122 bytes, checksum: 48eb0462abf60a0882ac00ff00dd05a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation discusses the issue of time in the interface between linguistics and psychoanalysis. To this end, we seek to understand how the time factor acts as an agent of transformation of language, and as a producer of new meanings for the subject under analysis. In this sense, we follow Saussure s teachings as regarding the language as a system of signs aimed at understanding the process of mutability of language, which, in the Saussurean conception, occurs mainly due to the passage of time. The dialogue with psychoanalysis is conducted based on Lacan s design, for whom the unconscious is structured like a language . In this discussion, the notion of timelessness of the unconscious in Freud is always present, because the cut at the time of the session is conducted based on the theory that the unconscious is timeless. The Saussurean linguistics allows us to find traces that point to change within the sign and this leads us to the realization that the new meanings of the subject under analysis appear as a result of a movement similar to the shifts and changes that take place within the sign due the passage of time. However, what differs in the analysis is that it is not a change resulting from the passage of time, but from the cut of the time that passes. / Essa dissertação se presta a discutir a questão do tempo na interface entre a Lingüística e a Psicanálise. Para tanto, buscamos compreender de que forma o fator tempo atua como agente de transformação da língua e como produtor de novas significações para o sujeito em análise. Nesse sentido, mergulhamos nos ensinamentos de Saussure no que diz respeito à língua como um sistema de signos , visando ao entendimento do processo de mutabilidade da língua, o qual, na concepção saussuriana, ocorre, principalmente, em decorrência da passagem do tempo. O diálogo com a Psicanálise é realizado a partir da concepção de Lacan, para quem o inconsciente é estruturado como uma linguagem . Nessa discussão, a noção de atemporalidade do inconsciente proposta por Freud está sempre presente, pois o corte no tempo da sessão é realizado a partir da tese de que o inconsciente é atemporal. A Lingüística saussuriana nos permite encontrar vestígios que apontam para a mudança no interior do signo e isso nos leva ao entendimento de que as novas significações do sujeito em análise ocorrem em decorrência de um movimento análogo aos deslocamentos e mudanças que se dão no interior do signo devido à passagem do tempo. No entanto, o que difere na análise é que não se trata de uma mudança decorrente da passagem do tempo, mas do corte no tempo que passa.