Background - Multiple studies within different industries have shown that the majority of innovations adopted by organizations partly or completely fail, in the critical stage between the decision to use the innovation and its routinization. In the pursuit of understanding what makes innovation implementation fail or succeed, previous research has examined innovation implementation as a rather static process within single dimensions. We therefore still know little about what is beyond the implementation other than routine use, meaning that other outcomes have been overlooked. Purpose - Expanding on the dynamic view within innovation implementation literature beyond routine use by exploring how and why unintended outcomes form. Methodology - Inductive, qualitative methodology based on a single case study at Saab AB. Data were collected through a total of 13 unstructured and semistructured in-depth interviews to map the implementation process of Model Based Definition (MBD). Findings - By understanding innovation implementation as a dynamic process of mutual adaptation we found that when an organization implements an innovation, unintended outcomes may arise from Unreasonable expectations, Obstructed adaptation, Underestimated need for adaptation, One-way adaptation and Over adaptation. Our research has thereby highlighted the importance to not only consider if but also how an innovation is implemented.

The Swedish policy for integration has been accused of wrongly targeting only immigrants and therefore resembling assimilation. In this bachelor thesis I show that there seems to be a general understanding between academics and politicians of how integration should be achieved. If integration is the opposite of assimilation an integrated society has to be achieved trough mutual adaptation. The purpose of this thesis is to identify if the Swedish government design their policy for integration according to the idea of integration as mutual adaptation or not. A frame analysis is used to identify the de target populations in the Swedish strategy for integration. Through analysing the choice of target populations I conclude that the Swedish policy for integration does not fulfil the idea of integration as mutual adaptation. Another important conclusion is that there can be two different target populations for every policy, one tied to the causal story and one tied to the solution of the problem with integration. / Den svenska integrationspolitiken har anklagats för att felaktigt riktas mot endast invandrare och på så sätt mer likna assimilationspolitik. I den här kandidatuppsatsen visar jag att forskare och politiker på en övergripande nivå verkar vara överens om hur integration bör uppnås. Om integration är motsatsen till assimilation måste ett integrerat samhälle uppnås genom ömsesidig anpassning. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på om den svenska regeringen utformar sin integrationspolitik efter idén om integration som ömsesidig anpassning eller inte. Frameanalys används för att identifiera målgrupperna i den svenska strategin för integration. Genom att analysera valet av målgrupper drar jag slutsatsen att den svenska integrationspolitiken inte uppfyller idéen om integration som ömsesidig anpassning. En annan viktig slutsats är att det kan finnas två målgrupper för varje åtgärd, en knuten till orsaksförklaringen och en knuten till lösningen på problemet.

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est basé sur l’étude d’un phénomène appelé convergence phonétique qui postule que deux interlocuteurs en interaction vont avoir tendance à adapter leur façon de parler à leur interlocuteur dans un but communicatif. Nous avons donc mis en place un paradigme appelé « Dominos verbaux » afin de collecter un corpus large pour caractériser ce phénomène, le but final étant de doter un agent conversationnel animé de cette capacité d’adaptation afin d’améliorer la qualité des interactions homme-machine.Nous avons mené différentes études pour étudier le phénomène entre des paires d’inconnus, d’amis de longue date, puis entre des personnes provenant de la même famille. On s’attend à ce que l’amplitude de la convergence soit liée à la distance sociale entre les deux interlocuteurs. On retrouve bien ce résultat. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’impact de la connaissance de la cible linguistique sur l’adaptation. Pour caractériser la convergence phonétique, nous avons développé deux méthodes : la première basée sur une analyse discriminante linéaire entre les coefficients MFCC de chaque locuteur, la seconde utilisant la reconnaissance de parole. La dernière méthode nous permettra par la suite d’étudier le phénomène en condition moins contrôlée.Finalement, nous avons caractérisé la convergence phonétique à l’aide d’une mesure subjective en utilisant un nouveau test de perception basé sur la détection « en ligne » d’un changement de locuteur. Le test a été réalisé à l’aide signaux extraits des interactions mais également avec des signaux obtenus avec une synthèse adaptative basé sur la modélisation HNM. Nous avons obtenus des résultats comparables démontrant ainsi la qualité de notre synthèse adaptative. / The work presented in this manuscript is based on the study of a phenomenon called phonetic convergence which postulates that two people in interaction will tend to adapt how they talk to their partner in a communicative purpose. We have developed a paradigm called “Verbal Dominoes“ to collect a large corpus to characterize this phenomenon, the ultimate goal being to fill a conversational agent of this adaptability in order to improve the quality of human-machine interactions.We have done several studies to investigate the phenomenon between pairs of unknown people, good friends, and between people coming from the same family. We expect that the amplitude of convergence is proportional to the social distance between the two speakers. We found this result. Then, we have studied the knowledge of the linguistic target impact on adaptation. To characterize the phonetic convergence, we have developed two methods: the first one is based on a linear discriminant analysis between the MFCC coefficients of each speaker and the second one used speech recognition techniques. The last method will allow us to study the phenomenon in less controlled conditions.Finally, we characterized the phonetic convergence with a subjective measurement using a new perceptual test called speaker switching. The test was performed using signals coming from real interactions but also with synthetic data obtained with the harmonic plus