Women are generally underrepresented in media and have historically been degraded to stereotypical roles in media content. Sweden is a country that has actively worked with equality between the genders since the 1970s. The country's progress in equality piqued the scientists interest in the extent of gender stereotypes in Swedish media content. This study examines whether there is a gender based variation in the framing of individuals in said content. The aim is to map the extent to which these gender stereotypes shape the communication in the images of 238 Swedish companies on their “about us”-pages. The images are analyzed to determine how individuals are portrayed based on their perceived gender. The study has a theoretical foundation in gender theory, representation theory, Roland Barthes mythologies and framing theory. These 4 theories form the basis for both the quantitative and the qualitative analyses in the paper. The content analysis applies mixed methods, consisting of a quantitative and qualitative component. The census method formed the basis for the quantitative part, whereas the study’s criteria limited a list of companies with an annual revenue of over 500 million SEK. The sampling method for the qualitative part is a systematic random sampling. The analytical tools that are used for the qualitative analysis includes theories about colors and non-verbal communication, along with semiotic concepts such as connotation, denotation and anchoring. Despite Sweden actively addressing gender equality issues, the study’s results indicated that Swedish company websites to some extent depict women and men differently, even though the numerical representation is equal. Some companies seem to reinforce gender stereotypes while others challenge them. Companies’ visual communication generally portrayed women as more accommodating, affirming the camera with a smile. Men, on the other hand, were generally depicted as more distant and reserved, with a more averted gaze than the women. The findings suggest that people’s perception of gender stereotypes and gender can be influenced by the websites they consume, potentially impacting how gender stereotypes are reinforced or challenged in society.

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This diploma thesis deals with the national presentation of the Czech Republic at EXPO 2010 in Shanghai in terms of mythology, symbols, signs and codes. It describes the history of the World Exhibitions, attempts to highlight Czechoslovak achievements and on the basis of that to define key points of successful communication for an international, predominately Chinese audience. By comparing information on traditional Chinese symbols and values with that of Czech explains correlations between Czech and Chinese culture. This can help visitors from China identify with the Czech Republic. A mythological analysis is executed examining the exterior of the Czech pavilion, the exhibition inside, and notes narrative structures of individual exhibits and how they work to provide the preferred interpretation. Part of the overall analysis includes an overview of supporting events, which also help to strengthen the perception of Czech Republic to visitors. The information gleaned is used to summarize learnings that could be useful for the upcoming EXPO in Milan in 2015.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fonseca_aa_dr_fran.pdf: 3815676 bytes, checksum: ae699d308b78d7cda4e085b3d3683f9c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na década de 1950 o professor Mário Palmério (1916-1996), futuro autor de Vila dos Confins (1956), foi representado pela imprensa do Triângulo Mineiro como um verdadeiro mito da cultura política regional. Neste período, como candidato a deputado federal, ele irrompeu como uma espécie de herói salvador nas lutas de representações que procuravam impor um conjunto de ideias para responder às crises sociais, políticas, econômicas e identitárias dessa região historicamente agitada por movimentos separatistas. Para isso, tal como um personagem de si mesmo, o jovem professor atuou conscientemente durante mais de dez anos para teatralizar uma imagem pública, conquistar distinção social, acumular prestígio e consagrar o seu nome no cenário regional. Novato na vida partidária, este ator social interpretou os anseios de seu tempo, mobilizou os circuitos de opinião das elites e promoveu uma autopropaganda intensiva para afirmar a vinculação de sua figura a uma série de valores profundamente enraizados na cultura local. Neste período, as crises que perturbavam aquela sociedade fermentavam um campo muito propício para a elaboração de mitologias. Por tudo isso, em seu discurso, ao invocar o poder das forças históricas em nome da união de seu povo; ao apontar com firmeza o caminho “certo” e “seguro” para a superação das crises; e ao anunciar com entusiasmo a iminente conquista da civilização, da cultura e da prosperidade em sua região, o guerreiro messiânico encenado de modo espetacular pelo candidato Mário Palmério correspondeu à ansiedade dos eleitores por um signo de modernidade capaz de suplantar o monopólio da economia agrária que, naquele momento de instabilidade, parecia definitivamente condenada à bancarrota. A presente pesquisa procura compreender a ascensão profissional, social e política de Mário Palmério, relacionando as aspirações da cultura... / In 1950 Professor Mário Palmério (1916-1996), future writer of Vila dos Confins (1956), was represented by the press of Triângulo Mineiro as a great myth of the regional political culture. During this period, as a federal congressman candidate, he emerged as a hero savior in the representative campaigns that wanted to impose a set of ideas to respond to social, political, economic and identity crises of this region historically troubled by separatist movements. To do so, as a character of himself, the young teacher worked conscientiously for over ten years to dramatize his public image, achieve social distinction, get people’s prestige and consolidate his name in the regional scene. As a beginner in political life, this social activist interpreted the anxieties of his time, mobilized the opinion of the elite towards his name and promoted an intensive self-publicity to assert his linking to a series of values deeply rooted in the regional imaginary. In that time, the crises that plagued that society fed a very favorable field to the development of mythologies. For all that, in his speech, to invoke the power of historical forces on behalf of the union of his people; to firmly point the “right” and “safe” way to overcome the crisis; and when he enthusiastically announced the imminent civilization, culture and prosperity conquest in his region, the messianic warrior spectacularly staged by the enshrined Mário Palmério corresponded to the voters’ anxiety for a sign of modernity able to overcome the monopoly of an agrarian economy that, in that instable time, definitely seemed to be condemned to bankruptcy. This research aims to comprehend Mário Palmério’s professional, social and political rise, connecting the aspirations of the regional culture to the symbol denoted by this character on that society to play a sacred and heroic representation of his image and history / En la década de 1950, el profesor Mário Palmério (1916-1996), futuro autor de “Vila dos Confins” (1956), fue representado por la prensa del Triángulo Minero como un verdadero mito de la cultura política regional. En ese período, como candidato a diputado federal, él irrumpió como una especie de héroe salvador en las luchas de representaciones que procuraban imponer un conjunto de ideas para responder a las crisis sociales, políticas, económicas y de identidades de esa región históricamente agitada por movimientos separatistas. Para ello, tal como un personaje de uno mismo, el joven profesor actuó conscientemente durante más de diez años para teatralizar una imagen pública, conquistar distinción social, acumular prestigio hasta consagrar su nombre en el escenario regional. Novato en la vida partidaria, este actor social interpretó las ansiedades de su tiempo, movilizó los circuitos de opinión alrededor de su nombre y promocionó una auto propaganda intensiva para afirmar la vinculación de su figura a una serie de valores profundamente arraigados en la cultura regional. En ese periodo, las crisis que perturbaban aquella sociedad fermentaban un campo muy propicio para la elaboración de mitologías. Por todo ello, en su discurso, al invocar el poder de las fuerzas históricas en nombre de la unión de su pueblo , al apuntar con firmeza el camino “cierto” y “seguro” para la superación de las crisis; y al anunciar con entusiasmo la eminente conquista de la civilización, de la cultura y de la prosperidad en su región, el guerrero mesiánico protagonizado de modo espectacular por el consagrado Mário Palmério correspondió a la ansiedad de los electores por un signo de modernidad capaz de suplantar el monopolio de la economía agraria que, en aquel momento de inestabilidad, parecía definitivamente condenada a la bancarrota. La presente investigación busca... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo)

Orientador: Teresa Maria Malatian / Banca: Rosangela Patriota Ramos / Banca: Karina Anhezini de Araújo / Banca: Marisa Saens Leme / Banco: Suzeley Kalil Mathias / Resumo: Na década de 1950 o professor Mário Palmério (1916-1996), futuro autor de Vila dos Confins (1956), foi representado pela imprensa do Triângulo Mineiro como um verdadeiro mito da cultura política regional. Neste período, como candidato a deputado federal, ele irrompeu como uma espécie de herói salvador nas lutas de representações que procuravam impor um conjunto de ideias para responder às crises sociais, políticas, econômicas e identitárias dessa região historicamente agitada por movimentos separatistas. Para isso, tal como um personagem de si mesmo, o jovem professor atuou conscientemente durante mais de dez anos para teatralizar uma imagem pública, conquistar distinção social, acumular prestígio e consagrar o seu nome no cenário regional. Novato na vida partidária, este ator social interpretou os anseios de seu tempo, mobilizou os circuitos de opinião das elites e promoveu uma autopropaganda intensiva para afirmar a vinculação de sua figura a uma série de valores profundamente enraizados na cultura local. Neste período, as crises que perturbavam aquela sociedade fermentavam um campo muito propício para a elaboração de mitologias. Por tudo isso, em seu discurso, ao invocar o poder das forças históricas em nome da união de seu povo; ao apontar com firmeza o caminho "certo" e "seguro" para a superação das crises; e ao anunciar com entusiasmo a iminente conquista da civilização, da cultura e da prosperidade em sua região, o guerreiro messiânico encenado de modo espetacular pelo candidato Mário Palmério correspondeu à ansiedade dos eleitores por um signo de modernidade capaz de suplantar o monopólio da economia agrária que, naquele momento de instabilidade, parecia definitivamente condenada à bancarrota. A presente pesquisa procura compreender a ascensão profissional, social e política de Mário Palmério, relacionando as aspirações da cultura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In 1950 Professor Mário Palmério (1916-1996), future writer of Vila dos Confins (1956), was represented by the press of Triângulo Mineiro as a great myth of the regional political culture. During this period, as a federal congressman candidate, he emerged as a hero savior in the representative campaigns that wanted to impose a set of ideas to respond to social, political, economic and identity crises of this region historically troubled by separatist movements. To do so, as a character of himself, the young teacher worked conscientiously for over ten years to dramatize his public image, achieve social distinction, get people's prestige and consolidate his name in the regional scene. As a beginner in political life, this social activist interpreted the anxieties of his time, mobilized the opinion of the elite towards his name and promoted an intensive self-publicity to assert his linking to a series of values deeply rooted in the regional imaginary. In that time, the crises that plagued that society fed a very favorable field to the development of mythologies. For all that, in his speech, to invoke the power of historical forces on behalf of the union of his people; to firmly point the "right" and "safe" way to overcome the crisis; and when he enthusiastically announced the imminent civilization, culture and prosperity conquest in his region, the messianic warrior spectacularly staged by the enshrined Mário Palmério corresponded to the voters' anxiety for a sign of modernity able to overcome the monopoly of an agrarian economy that, in that instable time, definitely seemed to be condemned to bankruptcy. This research aims to comprehend Mário Palmério's professional, social and political rise, connecting the aspirations of the regional culture to the symbol denoted by this character on that society to play a sacred and heroic representation of his image and history / Resumen: En la década de 1950, el profesor Mário Palmério (1916-1996), futuro autor de "Vila dos Confins" (1956), fue representado por la prensa del Triángulo Minero como un verdadero mito de la cultura política regional. En ese período, como candidato a diputado federal, él irrumpió como una especie de héroe salvador en las luchas de representaciones que procuraban imponer un conjunto de ideas para responder a las crisis sociales, políticas, económicas y de identidades de esa región históricamente agitada por movimientos separatistas. Para ello, tal como un personaje de uno mismo, el joven profesor actuó conscientemente durante más de diez años para teatralizar una imagen pública, conquistar distinción social, acumular prestigio hasta consagrar su nombre en el escenario regional. Novato en la vida partidaria, este actor social interpretó las ansiedades de su tiempo, movilizó los circuitos de opinión alrededor de su nombre y promocionó una auto propaganda intensiva para afirmar la vinculación de su figura a una serie de valores profundamente arraigados en la cultura regional. En ese periodo, las crisis que perturbaban aquella sociedad fermentaban un campo muy propicio para la elaboración de mitologías. Por todo ello, en su discurso, al invocar el poder de las fuerzas históricas en nombre de la unión de su pueblo , al apuntar con firmeza el camino "cierto" y "seguro" para la superación de las crisis; y al anunciar con entusiasmo la eminente conquista de la civilización, de la cultura y de la prosperidad en su región, el guerrero mesiánico protagonizado de modo espectacular por el consagrado Mário Palmério correspondió a la ansiedad de los electores por un signo de modernidad capaz de suplantar el monopolio de la economía agraria que, en aquel momento de inestabilidad, parecía definitivamente condenada a la bancarrota. La presente investigación busca... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo) / Doutor

À l'opposé du Paradis céleste que rejoignent les élus, les artistes romans ont imaginé le monde de tourments qui attend les pécheurs. Ce lieu de terreur, duquel s'élèvent « des pleurs et des grincements de dents » (Matth. 22, 13), ne peut être illustré sous des formes simples et communes. L'imagerie médiévale, précocement, dès le IXe siècle dans le domaine anglo-saxon, donne à l'Enfer l'apparence d'une tête hybride, la Gueule d'Enfer. Sculpteurs et enlumineurs se sont-ils inspirés de monstres issus des mythologies païennes anciennes et contemporaines ? Sur quelles sources textuelles se sont-ils appuyés pour élaborer ce motif ? Aisément reconnaissable, l'image de la Gueule s'inscrit dans les nombreuses représentations du Jugement Dernier et de la Descente du Christ aux Enfers. Une étude typologique pourra déterminer l'influence de la présence et de l'aspect de la Gueule d'Enfer sur la signification de ces épisodes fondateurs du Christianisme. La Gueule terrifiante devient le symbole même d'un Enfer fantasmagorique et vivant ; elle envahit progressivement toute l'iconographie religieuse et il convient de voir si elle ne modifie pas le sens de nombreux épisodes bibliques. Présente encore à l'époque gothique, la Gueule d'Enfer est transformée par les artistes de la fin du Moyen Âge, avant de disparaître progressivement de l'iconographie religieuse. Si l'Enfer médiéval a suscité de nombreuses études, le motif de la Gueule dévorante a paradoxalement peu attiré l'attention des Historiens de l'Art. Cette thèse tend à combler, au moins en partie, cette lacune. / Opposed to the Celestial Heaven waiting for the blessed, the roman artists invented a netherworld waiting for the sinners. This terrifying place, from where « tears and gnashing of the teeth » arrive (Matth, 22 , 13 ) cannot be illustrated in simple and common ways. As soon as the 11th century, in the anglo-saxon world, Hell was represented as an hybrid head, the Maw of Hell, in the medieval imagery. Did the sculptors and the illuminators get their inspiration from the monsters belonging to the oldest and contemporary pagan mythology ? Which textual sources did they use to elaborate this pattern ? Easily recognisable, the image of the Maw is one of the many representations of the Last Judgment and of Christ's Descent to Hell. A typological study will determine the influence of the presence and the aspect of the Maw of Hell on the meaning of those founding episodes of Christianism. The terrifying Maw became the symbol of a fantasmagoric and real hell slowly invading the whole religious iconography and it is worth wondering if it didn't change the meaning of many biblical episodes. Still present during the Gothic period, the Maw of Hell was changed by the artists of the late Middle Ages, before disappearing slowly from religious iconography. If medieval Hell was the subject of many studies, the Maw of Hell surprisingly attracted few Art History researchers. This thesis partially tries to fill this gap.

This diploma thesis deals with the national presentation of the Czech Republic at EXPO 2010 in Shanghai in terms of mythology, symbols, signs and codes. It describes the history of the World Exhibitions, attempts to highlight Czechoslovak achievements and on the basis of that to define key points of successful communication for an international, predominately Chinese audience. By comparing information on traditional Chinese symbols and values with that of Czech explains correlations between Czech and Chinese culture. This can help visitors from China identify with the Czech Republic. A mythological analysis is executed examining the exterior of the Czech pavilion, the exhibition inside, and notes narrative structures of individual exhibits and how they work to provide the preferred interpretation. Part of the overall analysis includes an overview of supporting events, which also help to strengthen the perception of Czech Republic to visitors. The information gleaned is used to summarize learnings that could be useful for the upcoming EXPO in Milan in 2015.

The thesis explores Czechoslovak Spartakiads in the context of modern mythologies theory. The analysis is concerned with reflection on changes of shape and ideological image of the Spartakiad from the 1950s to the 1980s. The thesis explores the Spartakiad as a cultural and sporting event and as an unique type of collective ritual in conditions of socialist dictatorship. The main focus is put on the narratives generated by the Spartakiad tradition and its evolution. Moreover it tries to regard possibilities to define the Spartakiads in the context of aesthetics of performativity. Based on analyzing those signs and cultural meanings, the thesis follows the role of the Spartakiad and Spartakiad-related subjects in formation of mythologies of the changing communist regime and its specific festivity, and also the Spartakiad's function in the process of the dictatorship's self-legitimation and in the promotion of concrete social coexistence models. Particular chapters of thesis are concerned with reflection on Spartakiad narratives in a relation to time and space as principal narratological categories. Last chapter contains a case study dedicated to performances of children and youth in 1955 and 1980 - this case study tries to approximate specific ways of emblematisation of gymnasts in Spartakiad...

This thesis is an examination of English evocations of translatio studii et imperii during the Hundred Years War. According to the myth of translatio, intellectual and martial superiority were entwined and together moving ever-westwards, from Athens, to Rome, to Paris, and thence - the English claimed - to England. This study contributes to an understanding of how late-fourteenth- and fifteenth-century English aristocrats and clerics understood and legitimized their cultural struggle with France not only as a martial battle but also as an intellectual competition. It also explores how this struggle contributed to the cultural authority of libraries and book collections. The first chapter of this thesis traces the development of the translatio studii et imperii tradition from its ancient origins to its zenith in the reign King Charles V "the Wise" of France. This chapter serves to establish the historiographical implications of the translatio myth as well as the French translatio tradition to which the English responded. The second chapter of this study is devoted to a literary analysis of texts which explicitly evoke the translatio topos and which were composed or copied in England during the Hundred Years War, such as Bishop Richard de Bury's Philobiblon and Ranulf Higden's Polychronicon, as well as Oxford and Cambridge university foundation myths. The third chapter explores the extent to which late-medieval England's book culture resonated with English evocations of translatio. Central to this exploration is the underhanded acquisition of Charles V's monumental French royal library by the English regent of France, John, Duke of Bedford. As is attested in the writings of French court scholars, the monumental French royal library was held to symbolise France's cultural superiority over England during the Hundred Years War. Bedford's manoeuvre can be seen as a bid to transfer Europe's seat of learning, and by extant of power, to England. This thesis concludes with a consideration of the translatio myth's ambivalent implications for contentious master narratives such as the rise of nationalism and of the English language in late-medieval England.

This thesis examines the early work of poets Leonard Cohen and Seamus Heaney in light of their treatment of mythology, ritual, and mythologization, moving either from personal to political awareness (Heaney), or from political to personal awareness (Cohen). Heaney, writing in the midst of the Irish Troubles throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, slowly works up to political awareness as the situation from which he is writing becomes more dire. By contrast, Cohen writes during the beginnings of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec, from the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, moving progressively farther away from the highly political and mythologized work of his first book. This thesis analyzes both poets first four books of poetry and how each poet addresses the politics of his historical time and place as a minority figure: an Irish Catholic in Northern Ireland, and an Anglophone Jew in Montreal, respectively. Ultimately, each poet chooses to mythologize and use traditional mythologies as a means of addressing contemporary horrors before being poetically (and politically) exhausted by the spiritual and mental exertion involved in the "poetry of disfigurement."