The computational ability to accurately simulate boiling water reactor operation under the full range of standard steady-state operation, along with the capability to fully track the isotopic distribution of any fueled region in any location in the core has been developed. This new three-dimensional node-by-node capability can help designers track, for example, a full suite of minor and major actinides, fission products, and even light elements that result from depletion, decay, or transmutations. This isotopic tracking capability is not restricted to BWRs and can be employed in the modeling of PWRs, CANDUs, and other reactor types that can be modeled with the NESTLE code, the base core simulator employed in this research. To accurately simulate boiling water reactor operation, a major thermal-hydraulics upgrade was performed which involved the implementation of a drift-flux solution scheme to model steady-state boiling water flow. Sub-cooled boiling and bulk boiling are accurately modeled and a scheme for computing the correct flow distribution has been implemented. In addition, the incorporation of a nodal ORIGEN-based microscopic depletion solution has been included which allows for exceptional detail in tracking a large number of elements in every node of a core design, thus accounting for spectral dependencies such as moderator density effects, moderator temperature effects, fuel temperature effects, as well as controlled or uncontrolled conditions. The results of this study show the excellent fidelity of the two-phase solution for accurately predicting the boiling of water when compared to experimental results. Likewise, the isotopic inventory results show near-identical agreement with the well-established and validated ORIGEN-based SCALE/TRITON isotopic depletion sequence. The aim of these developments is to eventually produce a publicly available three-dimensional core simulator capable of assessing detailed isotopic inventories, a capability particularly valuable for the evaluation of recycling scenarios and actinide management in a variety of reactor types and fuel designs.

Esta dissertação relata e traduz o percurso de estudos, reflexões, pesquisas e procedimentos, dedicados à elaboração de um conjunto de trabalhos realizados com a terra, com a cerâmica, sobre a temática dos ninhos e casulos a partir das vivências que meu corpo atual e consciente, tem com a natureza que me cerca. As reflexões desencadeadas por essas vivências fazem uma relação análoga dos ninhos e casulos com a casa e com o corpo enquanto ninho primordial. / This paper reports and translates the way studies, reflections, researches and procedures, dedicated to a work set elaboration that was done with earth, about the nestles thematic, started to the experiences that my conscious body has with that nature that surround me. The reflections unchained by those experiences do a nestles analog relation with the house and the body as a prime nestle.

The diploma thesis deals with the concept of HR business partnerships in Czech companies. The aim of this thesis is to describe, analyze and evaluate the level of implementation of HR business partnering in selected companies. Theoretical section defines concept of product placement followed by look into its historical development. Practical section of this study presents executed research in two selected companies that have already implemented this concept. The chosen method is qualitative analysis based on interviews with company managers followed by evaluation, comparison and suggestions for improvement of the whole concept of HR business partnerships. Key words HR business

Esta dissertação relata e traduz o percurso de estudos, reflexões, pesquisas e procedimentos, dedicados à elaboração de um conjunto de trabalhos realizados com a terra, com a cerâmica, sobre a temática dos ninhos e casulos a partir das vivências que meu corpo atual e consciente, tem com a natureza que me cerca. As reflexões desencadeadas por essas vivências fazem uma relação análoga dos ninhos e casulos com a casa e com o corpo enquanto ninho primordial. / This paper reports and translates the way studies, reflections, researches and procedures, dedicated to a work set elaboration that was done with earth, about the nestles thematic, started to the experiences that my conscious body has with that nature that surround me. The reflections unchained by those experiences do a nestles analog relation with the house and the body as a prime nestle.

本研究以2002年至2012年已開發國家食品產業跨國購併案為樣本，以事件研究法，比較已開發國家食品產業跨國購併已開發國家及開發中國家企業的購併宣告效果，去看在跨國購併的文獻議題上和實證結果是否相符。並以雀巢集團為收購公司之案例，比較其進軍已開發國家(美國惠氏營養品)及開發中國家(中國徐福記)的策略及收購後營運與財務績效，可否套用於產業研究結果，希望為後續食品產業購併提供研究參考。 本研究有以下三點發現：1.食品產業自已開發國家購併已開發國家對收購公司的股價宣告效果，較購併開發中國家對收購公司的股價宣告效果佳。2.已開發國家之食品產業收購與該產業相關性越高的企業，對其收購公司的股價宣告效果並無重大顯著之影響。3.無法將雀巢集團收購惠氏營養品之個案套用於產業研究結果，收購徐福記之個案則與實證結果相似，無正向顯著的宣告效果。此二個案皆著重搶攻新興國家市場，並以水平整合及策略互補方式，擴大市佔率及強化產品線，近五年之財務狀況，與同業相比有較佳之獲利表現，且繼續經營之價值。 已開發國家食品產業在選擇跨國購併對象時，可以已開發國家企業為主要收購對象，降低文化及地理距離帶來的資訊不對稱問題及取得策略性資產，投資人對其有較佳的預期，在選擇向前垂直整合策略時需留意，因零售通路需較大規模之經營整合，對於該市場需有更深入之了解，才適合投入至通路端。 / This paper treated cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) cases of developed countries’ food industry over the period of 2002 to 2012 with event study. We compared the announcement effects of acquired companies following developed or developing countries M&A and to confirm that whether the empirical results are consistent with the literature. We used Nestle S.A. as acquiring company to compare its M&A’s strategies and performance when acquiring Wyeth Nutrition and Hsu Fu Chi. Hope to be the reference for the following food industry M&A research. The major research finding as follows. First, the announcement effects of developed countries’ food industry following developed countries M&A are better than developing countries M&A. Second, the results demonstrated that the announcement effect had no significant difference among different industrial relevance of target companies. Third, the case of Hsu Fu Chi acquisition is similar with the empirical results but Wyeth Nutrition acquisition cannot. Furthermore, both cases were focused on the emerging markets and complementary strategies. Developed countries’ food industry can chooses the developed countries’ firms as target companies to decrease asymmetric information which caused by cultural, economic and geographic distance and to acquire strategic assets. They also should have enough acquaintance of the markets before they invest in the channel.

許多多國企業之研究將多國企業之組織架構區分為幾種類型。例如Bartlett & Ghoshal提出全球企業(global companies)、多國企業(multinational companies)、國際企業(international companies)與跨國企業(transnational companies)。國內亦有研究（翁良杰，2004 )將多國企業於亞太區域之策略類型分為四種：區域中心型、跨國中心型、全球中心型、地區中心型以呼應Bartlett & Ghoshal之四種類型。 然而多國企業的組織架構並非能以四種架構簡單地區分之，原因在於從功能構面來看，某功能的資源與知能可能在母國總部整合，但另一功能的資源與知能卻在區域作整合。某些流程在區域不銜接反而在以國家為單位的子公司銜接，但有些流程卻在區域作銜接。因此研究多國企業時無法簡單區分該企業採用的是產品別、地區別還是功能別組織，亦無法直接將組織架構分成區域中心型或是跨國中心型。 本研究透過個案訪談瞭解多國企業在亞太區域及大中華區的整合策略、策略意涵與環境前提，探討台灣子公司於整合架構下的角色與地位、從事之價值活動的消長。研究架構應用司徒達賢（2005）提出之六大管理元素及主軸、輔軸之組織架構分析。利用主軸與輔軸之觀念，描述其六大管理元素的變化，可以解釋雖然各個多國企業都採用產品別與地區別的混合式組織架構，但是仍有組織架構內細部狀況與區域策略的差異。個案公司為金百利克拉克公司、惠普公司、柯達公司及雀巢公司。透過訪談四家公司之高階經理人得到以下結論： 金百利克拉克公司以各區域為協調單位，各國子公司負責行銷、銷售、生產；研發統一至全球總部。因此其生產活動以「地區」為主軸，由各國負責生產活動；以功能為「輔軸」各國生產單位間相互學習技術，進行經驗分享。研發活動以「功能」為主軸，由全球研發單位統籌基礎技術之發展；以「地區」為輔軸，各地區研發單位將總部研發之科技加以應用於各產品中。銷售以「地區」為主軸，各國擁有銷售團隊服務當地客戶，並直接向各國總經理報告；以「功能」為輔軸，由各地區區域總部銷售單位給予指導，同時亦向區域總部報告各國業績機系。行銷以「地區」為主軸，由各國自行訂定行銷策略。而各產品由不同的行銷團隊負責，由全球總部指導各產品的品牌團隊，負責各子公司某產品品牌之建立，因此以「產品」為輔軸。財務以「功能」為主軸，全球總部透過區域到各國的財務體系管轄整體財務狀況；以「地區」為輔軸，各國財務長向總經理報告。 惠普公司之各國子公司獨立運作，為銷售單位。生產、研發以全球為規模進行協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸；研發以「功能」為主軸；銷售活動，企業系統及科技服務事業群以「功能」為主軸，將兩事業群銷售團隊整合為一；以「地區」為輔軸，由各地區企業系統事業群總經理整合兩銷售團隊，整合後銷售團隊向地區企業系統事業群總經理報告；另外，「產品」為另一輔軸，負責產品知識與能力的支援。各產品線相互支援，例如企業系統與科技服務事業群，以協助業務發展。個人系統及影像暨列印事業群則以「產品」為主軸，各自有銷售團隊；以「地區」為輔軸，銷售團隊報告給各地區事業群總經理。 柯達公司以區域為發展重心，如亞太區及大中華區協調行銷、財務等；生產及研發則以全球規模作協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸，以全球為基礎尋找最適的生產基地，再將產品出口至各國銷售據點。研發以「功能」為主軸，由全球總部負責研發活動。銷售以「地區」為主軸，各子公司業務團隊向子公司總經理報告後，總經理再向區域總部報告；以「功能」為輔軸，統一不同產品線的業務人員由精簡的業務人員同時負責不同產品線。行銷以「地區」為主軸，以地區為單位，進行行銷活動前半部包括創意、測試等工作以降低成本；以「功能」為輔軸，區域完成前半部工作後再交由各國行銷部門負責行銷活動後半部，如在地化修改等工作。 雀巢公司以區域為發展重心，如亞太區及大中華區協調行銷、財務等；生產及研發則以全球規模作協調。因此其生產活動以「功能」為主軸，以全球為基礎尋找最適的生產基地，再將產品出口至各國銷售據點。研發以「功能」為主軸，由全球總部負責研發活動。銷售以「地區」為主軸，各子公司業務團隊向總經理報告。行銷以「地區」為主軸、「功能」為輔軸，與柯達公司之組織架構有相同情形。 除上述組織架構外，本研究發現以下區域化策略趨勢及特性： 1.區域整合趨勢：亞太區域內新興市場為中心再劃分初次區域。 2.多國企業市場開拓者角色之轉變：從過去以國家重心變成由區域來執行。 3.權力重心之轉移：從過去的分權（母公司對區域總部分權）再演變為集權（次區域總部對區域內各國集權，由次區域總部統籌各國決策） 4.增設新的區域成為多國企業發展新興市場的組織架構方式 。 5.子公司獨特能力影響其在區域內重要性。 6.台灣子公司在區域化趨勢下往往自主權降低，唯有擁有獨特資源或能力時，區域發展重心才不會從台灣轉移至其他國家。 7.外商在區域化趨勢下因地制宜程度降低使得本土公司在本地需求與區域需求差異大的前提下有機會侵蝕外商的市占率。