The purpose of our study was to examine how missing children are portrayed in media. We wanted to see if there are any recurring story patterns and characters in the texts. We also wanted to examine how the relationship between children and adults are framed and which comprehensive view of children is mediated in journalistic texts.Our questions were: how do Swedish newspapers write about missing children? Which narrative pattern are there in the texts? How are children and adults represented in the texts? What relationship between children and adults are made visible in the texts? What a comprehensive approach to children is constructed in the texts?For this study, we used the media discourse, theories of representation, stereotypes and characters. And theories of narrative, dramatic turns and opposites.We chose to make three case studies in which children suddenly disappeared, the case of Bobby Äikiä, the case of Engla Höglund and the case of Sebastian Hedman. We analyzed 93 news articles from Swedish newspapers, which were published in connection with the events. Our method was discourse analysis. We examined the characters and relationships between them, and looked at the dramaturgical construction of the articles.In our conclusion we established that the children are portrayed as helpless and weak in contrary to the adults, who are portrayed as strong and as they who are in power. The mothers of these children all play a major part in these articles while their fathers are made invisible. These texts contribute to a discourse about the vulnerability for the children.  The texts construction of children mediates an image that says that children are helpless, innocent and unprotected. Children are represented as an inferior group to adults, and without authority in the society.

The purpose of our thesis was to examine how children think about violence on TV news. We also wanted to find out what children think about violence, both in other TV programmes and in reality. Adults often speak for children, we wanted to hear the children’s own opinions. This study was based on theories of socialization and reception research. We showed violent news clips for 12 eleven and twelve year olds. In the meantime, we recorded the children’s reactions on film. Afterward, we interviewed them about their thoughts and feelings related to the clips. Our study is based on interviews and observations. We came to the conclusion that the children in our study think violence are very unnecessary. Most of the children did not find the clips particularly scary, but many mentioned that they think blood is disgusting to watch.

<p>This dissertation uses game-theoretic modeling, statistical testing, and case studies to analyze how authoritarian governments manage the news media to maintain regime stability, control local officials, and make reform. In the first essay, ``Regime Competence and Media Freedom in Authoritarian States'', I explain why some authoritarian regimes allow more media freedom than others, as they tradeoff increased rents when the media is suppressed with the reduced risk of being misjudged by citizens when the media is free. In the second essay, ``Local Media Freedom, Protest Diffusion, and Authoritarian Resilience'', I argue that media reports about citizen protests, which may lead to protest diffusion, do not necessarily destabilize authoritarian rule. If protests are targeted at local governments, the central government of an authoritarian regime can use media-induced protest cascades to force local officials to improve governance. In the last essay, ``Central Rhetoric and Local Reform in China'', I address the puzzle of why the Chinese government would furnish the state media with conservative and dogmatic rhetoric on the one hand and allow reform on the other, by showing that this strategy is used to control local governments' pace of reform.</p> / Dissertation

In recent years the rapid domestic and foreign environmental change puts a little more pressure on workers of each industry. Moreover, the industry relocation leads to the increase of the unemployment rate. People suffering from depression dramatically increase when facing pressure and uncertainty. Parker (1983) pointed out that high job stress of employee cause uncomfortable feeling and lower satisfaction. Job stress which is a common phenomenon in the general enterprise organization influences not only the employee¡¦s commitment, satisfaction, and the physiological problems but also the organizational productivity. Job stress cause huge negative effect impact on the employee, organization, and society (Tseng, Li-chuan¡A2008). From the prospect of the organizational theory, under the influence of environmental change, environmental change will change the structure, policy of enterprise, or behaviors, and attitudes of people to improve the organization performance. Therefore, it is worthy to explore the correlations between the job stress and job satisfaction generated by the environmental change. This research was conducted based on the individual samples taken from media news workers. In addition to the relevant literature reviews, we designed questionnaire according to the assessment tool. Data were collected to conduct statistical analysis. We aim to explore the relationship among environmental change and job stress, and job satisfaction. This research structure contains three parts. The environmental change is independent variable, job stress is intervening variable, and job satisfaction is dependent variable. The structural relationship is that environmental change influence job stress while job stress and job satisfaction vary from personal attributes to personal attributes. We expect to understand the characteristics of news workers¡¦ job stress and job satisfaction generated by the environmental change according to the finding of this research and to offer as the reference for further studies and decision makers. Our findings include: positive perception of job stress of media news workers show significant effect on job satisfaction, working environment satisfaction, administrative leadership satisfaction, and the entire job satisfaction. It indicated that perception of job satisfaction of employee showed negative correlations with working environment satisfaction, job satisfaction, administrative leadership satisfaction, and the entire job satisfaction; we found difference between the extent of perception of environmental change and job satisfaction but no significant difference between it and job stress.

How does PTS provide services of radio and television for audiences under thecompetition of numerous channels and without the support of related resources andpolicy ? Taking the scheduling strategy of ¡§PTS Evening News¡¨ as an example, this thesis analyzed the performance of its service to find this survival kit . Through this analysis of scheduling, it can reveal how PTS deal with public demands. The study adopted qualitative research method to interview five professional operators who are TV program planners and producers of PTS news to realize their articulation of public in service which are influenced by organization culture. By referring to the interview, it also further acted more review and examination of the appropriateness of publicity of PTS. Comparing to commercial broadcasters transmitted evening news at 7:00 pm permanently which competes with each others for advertising, it found that the scheduling strategy of ¡§PTS Evening News¡¨ is more flexible. The issue of suitable time for audience has been discussed since ¡§PTS Evening News¡¨ has started and it is also decided by PTS managers to strike the existed commercial patterns. And in the meantime, PTS also introduced ¡§multi-dimensional evaluation index¡¨ to measure the performances of programs and also expect to transcend the market rules that taking TV rating primarily. In addition, to understand the demands of audiences, PTS operators negotiate with audiences about this issue by the way of focus groups investigation. This paper then suggests that the scheduling strategy of PTS take the environment of multi-channels into consideration. PTS Evening News is most suitable to broadcast at 8:00 pm in this situation it mentioned. However, keeping away from 7:00 pm is not meant a supplement mechanism of commercial broadcasters. Instead, ¡§PTS Evening News¡¨ signified the value that commercial television company can not provide, and all the employees of PTS must compete with other news service using this time slot. PTS Evening News displays an audience profile that are mainly constituted by people who are ¡§the college-educated¡¨, ¡§the middle-aged¡¨ and ¡§office workers¡¨ . It doesn¡¦t averagely represent every layers of people and bridge the gap from it followed expected planning. Therefore, the thesis proposed PTS to do a self-criticism about its whole programming strategy to reconstruct a clearer concept of serving public. Although PTS adopt ¡§multi-dimensional evaluation index¡¨, we found that ¡§TV rating¡¨ is still the key factor among the considerations when making decision. This study also suggested PTS to avoid glorifying ¡§TV rating¡¨ simply and more importantly should focus on the real needs among audiences.

ABSTRACT Taiwan privatized the industry of celluar phone in 1998. The number of cellular phones has increased promply ever since. The cellphone density in Taiwan is ranked number one in the world in 2003. As competition increases, telecommunications companies are eager to attract new users by the value-added services like short messages and web-browsing. In the early phase of mobile development in Taiwan, journalists were the main category of heavy users. In the past two years, more creative services with strong promotions have been lauched by telcos, notably the value-added services. This study surveys how journalists in Kaohsiung, a municipal city in southern Taiwan, adopts these new mobile services and functions in improving news coverage, and whether these functions serve as useful assistant tool in reporting. Disseminated to all kins of media reporters in Kaohsiung, this survey finds that more than 50 per cent of sample journalists use value-added services, notably the short message function. Less than 20 per cent of participants use other functions, such as personal information management (PIM), web-browsing through cell phone, image transmission and ¡¥living database¡¦. It suggests that there is potential for further promotion of using the value-added services by phone. A factor analysis suggests that there are eight factors affecting journalists¡¦ technology adoption: time efficiency, dependence, a sense of safety, cost of bearing, function and cellphone brand, interference to work, and helpness to work. A further correlation analysis suggests that the previous six factors are positively correlated with the journalistic covering and editing benefit. Still, this study also suggests that some respondents do not use the value-added servives simply because they feel that basic voice mail function suffices in their work. But 90 per cent of them show strong intention to use it if mobile phone companies lowers prices and adds user-friendly functions. Among them, 40~50-percent are willing to use firstly the function of web-browsing as they see it the most useful in news coverage. Key words: mobile value-added service, news production, technology adoption, journalists, Kaohsiung

News media organization vacillates and hesitates among high competition, commercialization and social public tools in the capital circumstance in Taiwan. The organization culture of the media, the executives¡¦ leadership style often influence yard stick and direction that the news edits and interviews virtually. It also influence organization members¡¦ job satisfaction, even about value judgment of the people. its influence is enormous. Therefore, besides pursuing profits, how media executives adjust the existing organization culture structure, to lead the reporters to reach tactics and the goal that the organization set up and to improve newspapermen¡¦s job satisfaction, become media executives¡¦ important topics. Media executives must think deeply about the important subject. This thesis regards newspapermen as study subjects through questionnaire investigation to collect relevant materials. Three researches such as exchangeable leadership, organization culture and job satisfaction carrying on the research of dependence, that the executives are using to probe into the newspapermen of Kaohsiung area relationship between exchangeable leadership and organization culture, and how to influence the reporters' job satisfaction. The results of study show: 1. In demography variable items, including sexes, service ages and monthly pay in job satisfaction, reach significant standards. 2. The transformational leadership has positive influences on job satisfaction and reaching significant effect. The transformational leadership has positive influences on innovative culture and supporting culture and reaching significant effecy. The innovative culture or supporting culture have positive influences on job satisfaction and reach significant standards. 3. Interfered by innovative culture or the supporting culture, transformational leadership will strengthen positive influence on job satisfaction, and reaching significant effect. Under interfered by for hierarchy culture, exchangeable culture is not obviously influenc on job satisfaction.

According to past researches, we find that journalists often make close relationship with news resources in order to accomplish their jobs. Exports sum up three models that include opposition, cooperation, and assimilation. At the same time, other related researches indicate that the more lasting journalists have the same news lines, the easier journalists have the assimilative relationship with news resources. Both of journalists and news resources have the cooperative and dependent relationship, so it becomes an important issue to research the relationship between journalists and news resources. The research discusses with the interactive relationship between the local councils and journalists in order to realize how reporters select to close news resources, and both of journalists and news resources have the assimilative relationship with the long period interaction. At the same time, the research discusses with the selective and close influence of ¡§professional consciousness¡¨ of journalists in order to understand about the interactive types between Taiwan¡¦s journalists and local councilors. The main points in the research are as followed: The research finds that the male journalists are more than female journalists. Males are two- third, and females are one -third. But female journalists are generally more than male journalists in Taipei City Council, and journalists who have the news line in other local councils are elder, it¡¦s different from the type of reporters in the central council. In the activeness of journalists, the research finds the situation with the questionnaires and deep interview that the activeness of journalists is higher than councilors. But there are half councilors are one-third journalists who consider that it depends on different kinds of news. Thus, the interaction between journalists and councilors will change with different kind of news. More of councilors and journalists who take the deep interview consider that the good interaction between journalists and councilors is a kind of dependently cooperative relationship. After having the deep interaction each other, some journalists and news resources become the assimilative relationship. It¡¦s obvious that the relationship change between journalists and councilors comes from the three models---opposition, cooperation, and assimilation. Journalists will pay much attention to the first point ¡§how much I can trust¡¨, the second point is ¡§ to judge with their past experiences¡¨ when they the interview with councilors. It¡¦s obvious that the two points in closing news resources are very important, and those improves that the ¡§correction¡¨ in reports is attached importance to reporters very much.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 28, 2009). Advisor: Stan Wearden. Keywords: journalism; trauma; broadcasting; reporting; television; posttraumatic stress; compassion fatigue. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-184).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-153). Also available on the Internet.