According to past researches, we find that journalists often make close relationship with news resources in order to accomplish their jobs. Exports sum up three models that include opposition, cooperation, and assimilation. At the same time, other related researches indicate that the more lasting journalists have the same news lines, the easier journalists have the assimilative relationship with news resources. Both of journalists and news resources have the cooperative and dependent relationship, so it becomes an important issue to research the relationship between journalists and news resources. The research discusses with the interactive relationship between the local councils and journalists in order to realize how reporters select to close news resources, and both of journalists and news resources have the assimilative relationship with the long period interaction. At the same time, the research discusses with the selective and close influence of ¡§professional consciousness¡¨ of journalists in order to understand about the interactive types between Taiwan¡¦s journalists and local councilors. The main points in the research are as followed: The research finds that the male journalists are more than female journalists. Males are two- third, and females are one -third. But female journalists are generally more than male journalists in Taipei City Council, and journalists who have the news line in other local councils are elder, it¡¦s different from the type of reporters in the central council. In the activeness of journalists, the research finds the situation with the questionnaires and deep interview that the activeness of journalists is higher than councilors. But there are half councilors are one-third journalists who consider that it depends on different kinds of news. Thus, the interaction between journalists and councilors will change with different kind of news. More of councilors and journalists who take the deep interview consider that the good interaction between journalists and councilors is a kind of dependently cooperative relationship. After having the deep interaction each other, some journalists and news resources become the assimilative relationship. It¡¦s obvious that the relationship change between journalists and councilors comes from the three models---opposition, cooperation, and assimilation. Journalists will pay much attention to the first point ¡§how much I can trust¡¨, the second point is ¡§ to judge with their past experiences¡¨ when they the interview with councilors. It¡¦s obvious that the two points in closing news resources are very important, and those improves that the ¡§correction¡¨ in reports is attached importance to reporters very much.

A certain architectural &quot / ethos&quot / come into being as a result of the specific training which architects receive as producers of space, of their dual status as artists and professionals, of the conditions in which they live and the social status of their profession. This ethos is a product of the architects&#039 / collective habitus. The attitudes of architects regarding their position in the building industry, their role in society and their self-image (or its lack of) as artists determine the transformation within the architectural profession under the impact of the changes in society. This study investigates architects&#039 / professional practice by focusing only on those architects working independently and mostly having their on offices. Thirty-one architects were grouped by age, gender, the faculties from which they graduated and province of residence and work. The international influence on architectural discourse, the effects of architects&#039 / organisations and their professional ideology were introduced as additional variables for investigating the nature of their habitus. The interviews revealed that the architects&#039 / &quot / spontaneous professional ideology&quot / (SPI) is the main adhesive of their collective habitus and ethos, and it force architects to think in a specific way about space, the sovereignty of architecture, its art component, its legitamacy, architects&#039 / devotion to their profession, their feelings of superiority over clients and users as well as their overall code of conduct.

This thesis examines how Stockholm-based journalism students perceive journalistic professional identity during their education. The purpose of this thesis is thus to expand the knowledge of how Swedish journalism students give meaning to their future work in an increasingly changeable labor market. To this end, 15 journalism students from the bachelor program in journalism studies at Stockholm University and Södertörn University were interviewed at the beginning of 2023. Using Mark Deuze's theoretical framework of journalism as a professional ideology and Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, specifically about the journalistic field, the thesis reveals that Stockholm-based journalism students support traditional journalistic norms and ideals, such as public service, ethics, objectivity, and immediacy. The students also value traditional forms of capital, such as cultural, social, and symbolic capital, at the beginning of their journalistic careers. However, due to technological innovations, the journalistic field has changed, and the journalism students, therefore, perceive the journalist's role as expanded and more digital than it previously has been. To make it as a journalist today, digital capital is therefore a necessity. Furthermore, the journalism students struggle to make sense of the journalistic field and the expectations directed at them as new journalists since there is a tension between these expectations and how the journalistic field is structured. The thesis also reveals that there are inconsistencies in how Stockholm-based journalism students relate to their future work; these inconsistencies demonstrate the conflict that journalists face between the market and professional freedom. The thesis concludes with a discussion about the future of journalism, and how journalism education plays a crucial part in shaping this future.

媒體面臨多元化、自由競爭的激烈挑戰，往往在ＭＢＡ參與經營（林添貴譯，2000）、市場導向的考量下（蘇鑰機，1997；McManus,1994），媒體會以廣告業績、發行量掛帥，而枉顧了新聞媒介的專業意理，以及媒介應有的社會責任，成為社會爭議的工具，也成為國家整體競爭力提升或沉淪的重要力量。 公開向社會大眾市場發行的各種視聽媒體，因為面臨市場慘烈的競爭壓力，對社會中堅份子普遍要求自律、社會責任的呼籲，回應似並不盡理想，公眾媒體的亂象於是更遭人詬病。 「企業雜誌」是企業文化的表徵，從「企業雜誌」是否可一窺企業在經營追求獲利之外，行有餘力，也會去關心周遭的環境與社會？並對周遭的環境保護、社會正義及人文理想等投入關懷，並盡一份心力？值得企業人及社會大眾重視，更值得傳播工作者關切。 從「企業雜誌」的內容、訴求及編排，是否也可反映出一些企業負責人的經營理念、組織文化與機構特徵？是否可以分析出企業對社會責任履行的標準？而「企業雜誌」有沒有一定的標準模式或典範？應可作為各家企業或傳播人士在投入「企業雜誌」編輯的參考。 本研究期盼經由《大同雜誌》月刊逾廿年的發展歷程，找出脈絡軌跡，找到可以為企業加分及社會加分雙贏的模式，並藉此一研究，喚起有關企業及傳播人士，對此一領域的重視。 / The media confronts intensive challenges from the open market. Under the partnership with MBAs (林添貴譯, 2000) and the consideration of market-driven (蘇鑰機, 1997; McManus,1994), the media puts the main focus on its publicity to increase sale and the circulation but neglects the professional ideology of news media and the social responsibility the media should have. The media has become the tool for controversies in the society and the primary influence on the overall competitiveness of a nation. Because of the intensive pressure of competition in the market, the mass media does not seem to be self-disciplined and socially responsible as the elites are supposed to be in the society. People are also disgusted of the chaos within the public media. Corporate magazines is the representation of the Corporate culture. Do the Corporate magazines show any sign that the business put in effort in caring about the surrounding environment and society besides pursuing benefits? Do they put in effort in environmental protection, social justice and cultural ideals? This is something on which the businessmen and the public should put emphasis and about which the media workers should concern. Do the content, pursuit and layout of the Corporate magazines reflect some of the executive ideals, organizational culture and corporal characteristics? Could we analyze the standard of a business toward performing social responsibility from them? Is there a certain standard format or paradigms for Corporate magazines? All of the above should be able to be a reference for individual business and media workers in editing Corporate magazines. From the twenty-year development of “Tatung monthly”, this study hopes to find the format that can improve both the business and the society. Moreover, this study hopes to bring this field to related business and media workers’ attention.

The relationship between editorial and advertising departments in the written press has always been under discussion. There have been incidents, in the past, where advertisers have tried to exert influence over editorial material. In the pursuit of avoiding this, the journalistic professional identity relies heavily on independency. There is something that distinguishes the difference between the department of advertising and the editorial office, a kind of "invisible wall", one might call it. The editorial part of a newspaper work with journalism, while the advertising department is working with finances, and, according to journalistic principles, the two should never meet. In this study we have investigated the relationship between the advertising department and the editorial office of local newspapers in Sweden. We have done this by making use of qualitative interviews with respondents from these workplaces, and then analyzed their responses with a vertical and horizontal analysis method. We could in our essay, to some extent, conclude that the "invisible wall" may well have changed in recent years. It was previously set in stone, in the form that the contact between the department of advertising and the editorial office was almost non-existent. Today it rather seems to be a question of smaller forms of cooperation. We came to the conclusion that the journalistic profession and the self-image seems to be somewhat unchanged, or at least similar, to what previous research have concluded. But the actual dialogue between the different departments have come to change a bit.

本研究探討國內電視新聞攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的採訪應變與專業意理。研究採取質化的深度訪談法，訪談12名任職於台北有線、無線電視新聞頻道的男性攝影記者。研究結果發現，攝影記者在自然環境破壞與充斥新聞編輯室時效、災難影像競爭壓力的報導現場裡，克服環境、設備資源侷限發展應變之道，而能因地制宜、就地取材、或朝向預防準備方向。當自然環境衍伸出採訪安全風險時，攝影記者會權衡多重面向因素，如：編輯室內控壓力、自然環境、個人因素、與文字記者配合程度而決定是否涉險，過往受傷經歷也讓攝影記者累積採訪智識，判斷環境風險。但是，攝影記者為了應付編輯室壓力、採訪安全問題，常產生目的導向的「偏差介入式」報導手段。 　　攝影記者採訪報導颱風創傷新聞情境，面對死者遺體與受創傷者的情緒壓力會在現場或報導完後有所展現，他們會藉由採訪智識、前輩經驗傳承或自我創建降低心理創傷的採訪方式、調適辦法。且攝影記者對颱風創傷情景的記憶，會連帶觸動他們工作生涯裡初次與印象最深刻的創傷新聞情景，進行跨事件聯想。過往創傷新聞經驗會脈絡性地影響攝影記者採訪報導方式，有助於專業意理養成、但也可能助長偏差的報導手段。 　　專業意理於攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的實踐，傾向以新聞本質的記錄真實、快速傳遞訊息而自然而然地發揮媒介助人、批評譴責、動員、關懷、設定議題、解決問題等正向功能。但是，這些正向的媒介功能卻會被攝影記者作為合理化偏差報導手段的藉口，記者僅重視報導可能帶來的正向「結果」，忽視採訪報導方式的「程序正義」。在在反映攝影記者欠缺採訪報導創傷情境的認識、應變颱風報導環境限制的安全策略，與抵抗編輯室內控壓力的適切辦法。 / This study investigates television photojournalists’ adaptation strategies and professional ideology when covering typhoon news in Taiwan. 12 male photojournalists who work in cable and network television stations in Taipei are in-depth interviewed. The findings indicate that photojournalists seek resources from the news venue and adapt them to fit in the local circumstances, or prepare in advanced to deal with the possible restrictions from natural environment due to typhoon disasters. Simultaneously, photojournalists also weigh multiple factors to take risks for news or not, like competitive pressures, newsroom routines, natural environment, individual causes and the degree of cooperation with their counterpart. They evaluate risks of natural environment based upon their hands-on wisdom that is collected from past physical hurt experiences. However, photojournalists under the pressure of competition sometimes use inappropriate ways to shoot news footages and get involved in news events to make sensational typhoon news. 　　Interviewed photojournalists have emotional stresses when facing corpses and traumatized people at the news venue, even after work. Covering wisdom, senior photojournalists’ experiences and suggestions are good way to mitigate photojournalists’ emotional stresses and trauma. The interviewees’ answers to typhoon reporting are often associated with their first trauma news experiences and most impressive event. Those significant experiences in their career will influence photojournalists’ reporting methods towards nurturing beneficial professional ideology or increasing inappropriate covering measures. 　　Photojournalists tend to develop positive media functions, like helping, criticism, mobilization, care, agenda-setting and solutions-developing to accomplish their professional ideology by reporting truth and conveying disaster messages as soon as possible. Nevertheless, photojournalists only focus on “consequentialism” of effective media functions, but discard “procedural justice” of moral reasoning in typhoon reporting. The so-called professional ideology is only optimistic bias among photojournalists.