Possui anexo em volume separado / Orientador: Renata Coelho Marchezan / Banca: Valdemir Miotello / Banca: Marina Célia Mendonça / Banca: Jean Cristtus Portela / Banca: Luciane de Paula / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga, sob a perspectiva dialógica do chamado Círculo de Bakhtin, os projetos editoriais e gráficos do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, produzidos a partir da década de 70. São analisadas suas características como gênero do discurso, composto por enunciados que manifestam valores e gerados por membros da esfera de atividade composta, em sua maioria, por jornalistas. O trabalho coteja os projetos editoriais da Folha com um exemplar de projeto editorial da revista Superinteressante e também os vários projetos da Folha entre si, com o objetivo de captar sua dinamicidade, sua evolução histórica, o amadurecimento de sua conceituação de jornalismo e de sua visão como empresa. A análise mostra que o jornal precisou se modificar para enfrentar a concorrência provocada pelos outros jornais, pela televisão e, em especial, pelo novo tratamento dado à informação após o desenvolvimento da internet e que, nesse percurso de mais de trinta anos de vigência dos projetos editoriais, solidificou sua visão como empresa e sua noção da informação como mercadoria / Abstract: This study aims to investigate, from the dialogic perspective of Bakhtin's Circle, the editorial and graphic projects of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, which were done from the decade of 1970 onwards. Some of the features analyzed here belong to the discourse, taken as a genre, which is composed of utterances that manifest values and are generated by members of the particular sphere of activity mostly made up of journalists. The study compares the editorial projects of Folha with a volume of editorial project of the magazine Superinteressante, as well as Folha's projects with one another, aiming to capture their dynamic nature, their historical evolution, the establishment of their conceptualization of journalism and the position as a company of the that newspaper as manifested in their texts. The analysis shows that the newspaper found it necessary to change in order to face the competition from other newspapers, television and, above all, from the new treatment given to information with the creation of the Internet. It also shows that, in this period of over 30 years of editorial projects, Folha solidified its vision as a company and its notion of information as a commodity / Doutor

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Nossa tese se centra na necessidade de rediscutirmos as visÃes clÃssicas em torno das cadeias referenciais, na LinguÃstica Textual, de tal modo a propormos a noÃÃo de redes referenciais, mais compatÃvel com os pressupostos sociocognitivo-discursivos, na Ãrea de estudos da referenciaÃÃo, de maneira a atender aos parÃmetros do gÃnero textual e à construÃÃo das recategorizaÃÃes (progressÃes referenciais) aplicadas à nota jornalÃstica. No que tange aos gÃneros, apoiamo-nos, teoricamente, em Figueiredo (2003), autora que propÃe os modelos de padrÃes retÃrico-composicionais dos subgÃneros das notas jornalÃsticas: nota noticiosa, nota comentÃrio e nota comentÃrio relatado, as quais consideramos como nota noticiosa e nota opinativa e relacionamos ao funcionamento das categorias de redes referenciais nesses subgÃneros, prototipicamente. No que concerne à observaÃÃo da interveniÃncia das relaÃÃes entre os referentes nas recategorizaÃÃes, temos como aporte teÃrico os trabalhos de Cavalcante, CustÃdio Filho e Brito (2014), que tratam dos processos sociocognitivos de referenciaÃÃo, bem como de CustÃdio Filho (2011), que sugere o esquema das etapas de (re) elaboraÃÃo por que passam textualmente os referentes, e, ainda, de Cavalcante e Brito (2014), autoras proponentes do quadro de funÃÃes da construÃÃo referencial. Com isso, analisamos um total de quarenta (40) exemplares de notas jornalÃsticas on-line (vinte (20) noticiosas e vinte (20) opinativas), vindo a confirmar certa regularidade entre elementos composicionais dos subgÃneros e a construÃÃo de determinadas redes referenciais, de forma a atenderem Ãs diversas funÃÃes na estruturaÃÃo genÃrica, fornecendo, com isso, variadas informaÃÃes a acarretarem mudanÃas (recategorizaÃÃes) que acrescentam, confirmam, ou atà desconfirmam dados sobre os referentes, todos discursivamente interligados. Tais redes assim se organizam em uma complexa rede de interaÃÃes, construindo-se de diversos modos, explÃcitos ou nÃo, em prol de fatos noticiados, ou comentados de modo central, nesses textos. / Our thesis focuses on the need to rediscuss the classical views around referential chains in Text Linguistics, to propose the notion of referential networks, more compatible with sociocognitive-discursive presuppositions, in reference studies, so to consider the parameters of the textual genre and the construction of recategorisations (referential progressions) applied to the newspaper note. Regarding the genres, we theoretically have support in Figueiredo (2003), author who proposes the models of rhetorical-compositional patterns of the subgenres of newspaper notes: news note, comment note and reported comment note, which we adapt as news note and opinative note and relate to the operation of the reference network categories in these subgenres, prototypically. As regards the observation of the interrelation between referents in recategorization, we have as theoretical contribution the works of Cavalcante, CustÃdio Filho and Brito (2014), which deal with the sociocognitive processes of reference, as well as CustÃdio Filho (2011), which suggests the schematic of the stages of (re) elaboration by which the referents textually pass, and also, by Cavalcante and Brito (2014), proposing authors of the frame of functions of the referential construction. Thus, we analyzed a total of forty (40) copies of online newspaper notes (twenty (20) news notes and twenty (20) opinative notes), in order to confirm a certain regularity between compositional elements of the subgenres and the construction of certain reference networks, in order to attend to the various functions in the generic structuring, thus providing a variety of information that entails changes (recategorizations) by adding and confirming, or even disconfirming data on the referents, all discursively interconnected. Such networks are thus organized in a complex network of interactions, constructed in various ways, explicit or not, in favor of central facts reported, or commented in these texts.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo perscrutar a compreensÃo leitora crÃtica de alunos concluintes do Ensino MÃdio de uma escola pÃblica de Fortaleza a partir da leitura de charges jornalÃsticas. O corpus deste trabalho à constituÃdo das anÃlises dos alunos-leitores, mediante resposta de instrumental, referentes a duas charges. Ao refletir sobre a anÃlise, tomamos por base a relaÃÃo entre os elementos semiÃticos (verbal e nÃo-verbal) na constituiÃÃo do posicionamento crÃtico dos sujeitos. Ao se pressupor ser o conhecimento de mundo que subjaz à anÃlise crÃtica, fruto das prÃticas sociais, optamos tambÃm por investigar a gÃnese desse conhecimento. Nossas hipÃteses seriam que o leitor crÃtico se posicionaria mediante a elaboraÃÃo de tese e criaÃÃo de argumentos que a embasassem; consideramos, tambÃm, que as imagens na charge se apresentariam como fortes recursos expressivos e influenciadores na criaÃÃo das teses e de seus possÃveis argumentos; em relaÃÃo Ãs influÃncias exercidas pelas interrelaÃÃes, acreditÃvamos que a mÃdia seria a maior influenciadora. A pesquisa, entÃo, norteada por uma concepÃÃo de lÃngua bakhtiniana, fundamentada nas pesquisas sobre o senso crÃtico de Carraher e embasada na anÃlise semiolinguÃstica do discurso de Charraudeau, reflexionou sobre o ato de linguagem protagonizado pelos sujeitos produtor/locutor (EUe/EUc) e leitor/interlocutor (TUd/TUi), atravÃs do qual se desenha o dispositivo argumentativo composto de trÃs quadros: proposta, proposiÃÃo e persuasÃo. Os resultados nos permitiram concluir que a linguagem nÃo-verbal cumpre um papel importantÃssimo no processo de significaÃÃo crÃtica nas charges e subsidia a interpretaÃÃo crÃtica dos leitores. Confirmamos tambÃm: a) a hipÃtese de que os leitores mais perspicazes fariam uma anÃlise crÃtica das charges mediante a elaboraÃÃo de uma tese embasada por argumentos; b) a forte influÃncia da mÃdia na constituiÃÃo do conhecimento enciclopÃdico dos leitores. A anÃlise dos dados nos permitiu ainda comprovar que a leitura de charges se constitui uma oportunidade de o leitor, enquanto indivÃduo autÃnomo, interpretar as ideologias que subjazem os discursos que permeiam o nosso cotidiano sociocultural. Sendo assim, nossa pesquisa, em termos de implicaÃÃo pedagÃgica, constata o quÃo relevante à a inserÃÃo do gÃnero charge nas prÃticas de leitura, em sala de aula, com o propÃsito de propiciar a formaÃÃo de leitores crÃticos. / This research paper aims to evaluate senior students of the Brazilian public high school system in Fortaleza, CearÃ, Brazil as far as their critical reading comprehension of newspaper cartoons are concerned. The corpus of the paper is composed of the student-readersâ analysis of two cartoons. My reflection of their analysis was based upon the relationship between the verbal and non-verbal semiotic elements in the constitution of the subjectsâ critical point of view. Since I assumed that their critical analysis depended on their knowledge of the world, which is a result of their social practices, I chose to investigate the origin of this knowledge as well. My hypotheses were that the critical readers would form their opinions through the development of a thesis and through the creation of supporting arguments. I also took into account that the pictures in the cartoon would present themselves as strong, expressive resources that would influence the creation of the theses and their likely supporting arguments as far as the influences exercised by the interrelations are concerned. I believed that the media would be the most influential aspect. Therefore, the research, which was oriented by a Bakhtinian perspective on language and founded on Carraherâs research about critical thinking and on Charraudeauâs semiolinguistic analysis, aimed to reflect upon the language act played by the subjects called producer/interlocutor (EUe/EUc) and reader/interlocutor (TUd/TUi), through which the argumentative device is designed, composed of three elements â proposal, proposition, and persuasion. The results allowed me to come to the conclusion that the nonverbal language plays an important role in the process of critical meaning in the cartoons and it subsidizes the critical interpretation of the readers. The research has also confirmed a) the hypothesis that the more perceptive readers would make a critical analysis of the cartoons through the development of a thesis supported by arguments; b) the strong influence of the media in the constitution of the knowledge of the world of the readers. The data analysis also allowed me to draw the conclusion that the reading of cartoons represents an opportunity for the reader, as an autonomous individual, to interpret the ideologies that are underneath the discourses within our sociocultural daily life. Therefore, the pedagogical implications of this research are to confirm the relevance of the insertion of newspaper cartoons as a genre to be used in classroom reading materials in order to form critical readers.

Estuda o impacto da concorrência da internet, das TVs a cabo, do rádio e das revistas semanais sobre os jornais diários, num contexto de mudança dos hábitos de leitura. Analisa como os três principais jornais brasileiros respondem a esses desafios, sobre o pano de fundo da inovação tecnológica. Dados quantitativos indicam queda acentuada da circulação dos jornais na última década, apesar de uma recuperação em 2005. Os números também mostram uma diminuição contínua no tempo dedicado à leitura de jornais. Pesquisa qualitativa mostra que o público-alvo identifica os jornais com credibilidade, contextualização e análise, mas se ressente da falta de estímulos para a leitura, de seu aspecto pesado e sisudo. A revisão da bibliografia aponta que a indústria do jornal sofre pressões também no seu modelo de gestão. Empresas familiares dão lugar a sociedades de capital aberto, cujos acionistas pressionam por lucros. Executivos vindos de outras áreas implementam formas de gestão que priorizam critérios contábeis em detrimento de caprichos de jornalistas, como cadernos pouco rentáveis e coberturas dispendiosas. Diante disso, autores americanos e europeus procuram estabelecer correlações entre fatores intangíveis, como credibilidade e influência, e resultados associados à lucratividade, como penetração e circulação. Especialistas entrevistados prevêem uma aceleração da conversão, já em curso, dos jornais impressos em meios digitais. Os diretores de redação dos três jornais que são objeto do estudo Folha, Globo e Estado asseguram, em entrevistas, que os jornais impressos continuam sendo negócios rentáveis e ocupando lugar de destaque entre os meios de comunicação. Eles reconhecem que os jornais não voltarão aos picos de circulação dos anos 90, produzidos pela política de brindes conhecidos como anabolizantes. Mas defendem a função dos jornais como veiculadores de notícias contextualizadas e com o suporte de análises. A ênfase deve deslocar-se do estritamente factual para o analítico e interpretativo. Conclui-se que os três grandes jornais brasileiros reagem ao aumento da concorrência procurando realçar os atributos que os diferenciam dos outros meios, como a credibilidade e a capacidade de contextualização e interpretação da notícia, além da qualidade da narrativa. Entretanto, a mudança do suporte de papel para o online deve ter conseqüências sobre o modo de fazer jornal e sobre a relação entre o jornal e a publicidade, por causa sobretudo da demanda por interatividade dos usuários de internet e da exploração do hipertexto pelos anunciantes. A grande questão é se os jornais resistirão a essas demandas, correndo o risco de se tornarem menos relevantes no ambiente digital; ou se cederão, colocando em risco valores do jornalismo. / It studies the impact of competition by internet, cable TV, radio and weekly magazines on daily newspapers, within a context of change in reading habits. It analyzes how the three main Brazilian newspapers respond to those challenges, on the background of technological innovation. Quantitative data suggest a steep decline in newspapers circulation in the last decade, despite a reaction in 2005. Figures also show a continuous reduction of time dedicated to the reading of newspapers. A qualitative poll shows that the target audience associates newspapers with credibility, context and analysis, but resents the lack of stimulation to read, and its heavy and stern look. Literature review points out that the newspaper industry managing model is also under pressure. Family-owned companies are replaced by open capital ones, whose shareholders put pressure for profits. Executives from other areas implement managing tools which put accountancy criteria before journalists caprices, such as little profitable sections and expensive coverages. In the face of that, American and European authors try to establish correlations between intangible factors, such as credibility and influence, and returns associated to profitability, such as penetration and circulation. Experts interviewed foressee a speed-up of the conversion, already in place, of print newspapers into digital media. The Editors-in-chief of the three newspapers studied Folha, Globo and Estado assure, in interviews, that print newspapers remain profitable businesses, well placed among the media. They admit that the papers wont repeat the circulation peaks of the nineties, brought in by the gifts policies known as anabolic steroids. But they argue in favour of the newspapers role as suppliers of analysis supported context-rich news. The emphasis should move from hard news to analysis and interpretation. The conclusion is that the major Brazilian newspapers respond to the increasing competition by trying to highlight the features which distinguish them from the other media, such as credibility and the ability to add context and interpretation to the news, along with narrative quality. However, the change from print to online should impact on the making of a newspaper and on the relationship between the medium and advertising, above all due to the demand for interactivity by internet users and the exploring of hypertext by advertisers. The big question is whether the newspapers will resist those demands, running the risk of becoming less relevant in the digital environment; or whether they will compromise, putting the values of journalism at risk.

This study examines how the Swedish local newspaper Skånska Dagbladet portrays therural places of Sweden. The purpose is to see how the Swedish countryside is portrayedby a rural newspaper, as opposed to an urban newspaper. The study is based on thepaper Landsbygd i medieskugga (Rural areas in the Shadow of the Media)It is a quantitative study that both examine the differences in coverage between theurban municipalities and the rural municipalities, but also examines differences in thecountryside between the main village and the more rural areas. 18 papers from 3different weeks spread out over the year were examined. Every text on news placeconcerning the 17 municipalities that Skånska Dagbladet covers were counted andsorted. Then 4 municipalities; Eslöv, Hörby, Sjöbo and Ystad, were selected as ruralmunicipalities and further examined.The study finds that there are few differences in topic between city and countryside.Crime and accidents are the greatest subject in both places. Second biggest topic isamusement. The countryside municipalities have one news text more per day. There is abalance between reporting possibilities and reporting problems. The characters thatappear the most in the articles are people in a position of power. However, the ordinarycitizen is more likely to be the main character in a text.It is suggested that more studies are needed on what it is that determines if a journalistleaves the newsroom to write a news story. Studies of the patterns of the allocation ofnews subjects are also needed.

Avusa Publishing (East Cape) (APEC) publishes several of the oldest and best known newspaper products in the Eastern Cape. The Eastern Province Herald is currently the oldest daily morning newspaper in South Africa and the average daily circulation of the paper is 25 000. Its main distribution is in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan area, as well as the area up to the Garden Route and as far East as Port Alfred. APEC also publishes the Weekend Post. According to the financial statements and circulation and advertisement figures of the company, the revenue generated by the company has not increased, but stayed stagnant. In addition to this, the daily circulation of the flagship publication, The Herald, has decreased from 29 000 in 2005 to 24 000 in 2008. As the company only generates revenue from two sources, namely advertising sales and the sale of newspapers, the above mentioned situation negatively affects the financial wellbeing of the company. The management dilemma that needed to be researched was how APEC's circulation and advertising income could be increased. The primary objective of this study was therefore to improve APEC's sales success by investigating the determinants of such sales success. More specifically, the study investigated the influence of determinants such as newsworthiness, value proposition, brand awareness, customer service, customer loyalty, credibility and new media on sales success, as measured by increased circulation and advertising revenue. Convenience sampling was used to select 287 employees working for the company. A mail survey was conducted among these 287 employees, but only 114 usable questionnaires were returned (a response rate of 40 percent). The empirical results revealed that brand awareness, customer loyalty and the use of new media technologies exerted a significantly positive influence on the sales success of APEC. The results further showed that newsworthiness, editorial credibility, value proposition and customer service exerted no significant influence on the APEC’s sales success. Despite the latter findings, the results revealed that there was a high level of trust and loyalty in the editorial content of APEC, as well as the perception of good value for money among both readers and advertisers. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed and areas of future research are recommended.

Print newspapers in South Africa are the oldest formal mode of news and information dissemination but which has come under tremendous pressure with the advent and spread of technological innovation involving information communication infrastructure and processes, but specifically the internet. The main challenge facing print newspapers in terms of circulation growth of print and advertising revenue is speed to market. The internet has not only provided a new avenue for news and information dissemination but has the distinct advantage of tremendous speed to deliver news and information to readers. Meanwhile, print newspapers whose production is still almost entirely dependent on traditional structures, processes and physical mode of delivery are battling to stay afloat as the chase for readers' attention is gaining more ground on digital platforms. This new competition landscape has now cast focus fully on traditional print media‟s production processes competency levels as well as their suitability for the nature of competition posed by digital news platforms. The processes involved in the production of a print newspaper can be described as hybrid (Davis and Heineke. 2005: 220) in that they involve different types of processes at different stages to produce the final product. The focus of this study at Avusa Media (Port Elizabeth) was on the post production processes involving the printing and distribution of printed newspapers with the objective of gaining an understanding of the extent and impact of the information technology advancement in the post production phase of printed newspapers. v In pursuing the goal, the case study research followed a phenomenological paradigm involving exploratory and descriptive research processes as described by Yin (1994) in Collis and Hussey (2003: 69) and Clifford Geertz (1973) in Babbie and Mouton (2005: 272) The research found that the traditional business structure for printed newspapers is increasingly becoming unviable due to poverty of technological innovation in critical parts of the production value chain; namely post production processes that encompass printing and distribution of printed newspapers. The research established and revealed that while there are some technological innovations and advances in the print newspaper publishing industry value chain worldwide, they are not only severely limited and disjointed but are also seemingly moving apart rather than towards consolidation in terms of the speed to market need faced by print newspaper publishers.

This thesis describes the development status of women in society in a historical context from the Middle Ages until the 20th century. It acquaints us with the rights to which women in the 19th and 20th centuries were acquired. This work also deals with current issues of women in entering the labor market, and describes the forms of discrimination that women face. The theoretical part is also elaborated the topic of how perceptions of mass media on gender issues. The practical part deals with public opinion on gender issues and compares the results of data collected from the People newspaper in 2005 and 2012. Applying this methodological tool was a questionnaire and content analysis.

Thesis (M.A. (Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015 / The aim of the study was to explore the psychological profiles of perpetrators of domestic violence as represented in newspaper articles. An archival research approach was chosen as the appropriate design for the present study. The researcher accessed and studied all newspaper articles from two daily newspapers reporting on domestic violence over a two-year period (that is, from January 2011 up to December 2012). A total of 98 newspaper articles (sixty from the Sowetan newspaper, and 38 thirty eight from the Daily Sun newspaper) covering the period under review were retrieved. The data was captured on a self-developed data record sheet. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results were analysed and presented using frequency tables, descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations. The results of the study showed that the majority of the victims of domestic violence were women with little education and skills. Assault, attempted murder and murder were found to be the forms of violence perpetrated against the victims. The majority of the perpetrators (70.4%) were males, with higher education and skills. Some of the perpetrators were represented in the newspaper articles as being emotionally troubled (69.4%), passively aggressive (11.2%), mentally disturbed (5.1%) and socially deviant (3.1%). The majority of the mental health problems that were associated with the perpetrators of domestic violence included depression, borderline personality and acute psychosis. A number of triggers were found to lead to domestic violence. These included family arguments, jealousy, substance abuse, and criminal behaviour. Based on the above results, the study is concluded by recommending anger and stress management as some of the programmes that the government could introduce to minimise domestic violence.

No description available.