This master’s thesis focuses on the possibility of using contactless smart cards as an electronic hiding place in an activity known as Geocaching. The first part explains the theoretical knowledge about cards, smart card programming, the development of android applications for communication with the smart card using the NFC interface and usage of eliptic curves to sign digital messages. The second part is dedicated to the design of a Java card application and an Android application, which are able to communicate

Cílem této práce bylo implementovat emulaci tagu MIFARE Classic na NFC-A periferii vestavěné v mikrokontroléru. K implementaci řešení byl použit mikrokontrolér nRF52832 vyráběný firmou Nordic Semiconductor. Byla implementována základní sada příkazů MIFARE Classic (autentizace, čtení, zápis). Implementace byla otestována s několika čtečkami, za pomoci různých aplikací. Výsledné řešení bylo porovnáno s existujícími, jako je Proxmark a Chameleon Mini.

Result of my work is make device for logging visitors or game players. I arranged to make two devices, web pages and communication protocol between server and devices. Graphical device will have graphical display with HDMI input, Raspberry main board, NFC reader, camera and GSM module. Second device will have microcontroler ATMEGA644, NFC reader, 2-4 line text display and optional GSM module. Both device will communicate with server via GPRS. Server can change configuration of devices and colecting logs

This paper is about security of the RFID systems, attacks on them and countermeasures. Attack to obtain secret key from Mifare Classic card was implemented. Options for eavesdropping RFID communication, security of the NFC technology and biometric passports are descibed too.

This thesis deals with the safety of wireless networks and used protocols. The aim is to describe chosen network attacks and demonstrate the feasibility of using the device Pwn Phone. It will also be implemented a system consisting of a mobile application and a server component allowing execution of NFC relay attack on contactless credit cards. System will be tested in real world and evaluation of the success in different conditions will also be part of the thesis.

This thesis deals with creating a library for the Android OS which enables efficient wireless communication with platform Arduino. The target is to create an application for Android OS, using a created library that allows you to capture data from various sensors and control effectors. The work describes basic wireless interfaces for Android OS and Arduino platform. The main benefits and drawbacks functions are also introduced. The comparison of current consumption for modules HM-10 and DIGI S1 has been carried out as well. Possibility of data acquisition and effector controlling exercises have been tested and verified.

Plant cuticles are extracellular membranes covering aerial organs of plants, whose main functions rely on the protection against water loss, mechanical injury from the environment, attack of microorganism, and also regulation of gas exchange. Among the several constituents of plant cuticles, waxes are those that play an important role in their barrier properties. In order to enhance the mechanical properties of wax, NFC was applied in. In the project, mainly two kinds of methods were used to prepare wax-NFC composites. One way was wax and NFC were dissolved in toluene and casted to be a film, another way was to prepare NFC aerogel firstly, and then, impregnated the aerogel into wax liquid. After pressing it the structure was more compact. In order to characterize the properties of samples, SEM, XRD, TGA, DSC, Contact angle testing, tensile test and oxygen permeability methods were applied in.

La virtualisation, originalement introduite dans les réseaux pour en réduire les coûts de maintenance et de déploiement, a connu une explosion fulgurante remodelant le paysage des réseaux informatiques et télécoms. La virtualisation permet la mutualisation des ressources physiques pour instancier des machines virtuelles complétement isolées mais puisant leurs ressources du même matériel physique. Plus récemment le NFV (Network Functions Virtualisation) est apparu, et a permis de virtualiser des classes entières de fonctions de nœud de réseau dans des blocs qui peuvent se connecter pour créer des services de communication. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte pour virtualiser les nœuds des réseaux d’accès, à savoir les points d’accès Wi-Fi. Le Wi-Fi est devenu la technologie de tous les enjeux pour les opérateurs mobile. Cette technologie leur permet notamment d’y délester une partie du trafic de données clients via des hotspots. Le problème qui se pose dans un tel mécanisme est que les normes Wi-Fi existantes ainsi que les logiciels de gestion de connexion d’un appareil mobile n’ont pas été développés dans l’optique du hotspot. A cet effet, la norme Hotspot2.0 a été créée, pour rendre l’expérience Wi-Fi similaire à celle du cellulaire en termes d’itinérance, de transparence et de sécurité. Nous avons dans nos travaux, appliqué le concept de NFV en virtualisant ces points d’accès Wi-Fi de nouvelle génération. La problématique face à laquelle nous avons été confrontés est la forte sécurité imposée par de tels dispositifs exigeants notamment l’enregistrement et l’installation de certificats de sécurité clients dans les lieux publics. Dans notre thèse nous proposons une architecture innovante permettant le rapatriement de ces éléments de sécurité à travers des bornes NFC. Ces mêmes bornes, dans une volonté d’urbanisation des points d’accès, permettront aux utilisateurs de créer leurs propres points d’accès Wi-Fi virtuels à la volée. Enfin, le dernier aspect de cette thèse touche à la problématique de gérance des entités virtualisées changeant les schémas de communication des réseaux traditionnels. Dans ce contexte, SDN (Software Defined Network) a émergé dans les datacenters pour redéfinir la façon de penser les réseaux plus en adéquation avec le contexte virtualisé. Cette thèse reprend le SDN pour l’appliquer en périphérie de réseaux sur les points d’accès Wi-Fi virtuels que nous avons créés. Plus qu’un nouveau paradigme de communications réseaux, nous verrons que l’introduction des concepts NFV/SDN aux réseaux Wi-Fi permettra dans un avenir proche de rendre les réseaux Wi-Fi plus souples, plus ouverts et plus évolutifs. / Virtualization was originally introduced in networks to reduce maintenance and deployment costs. It has experienced tremendous growth and reshaped the landscape of IT and ITC networks. Virtualization permits the sharing of physical resources for instantiating isolated virtual machines despite the fact that it is drawing its resources from the same physical hardware. More recently NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) appeared, it allows to virtualize entire classes of network functions node in blocks that can connect to create communication services. In this thesis we virtualize the access network nodes, namely Wi-Fi access points. The Wi-Fi became one of the hot-topic technology for mobile operators, it allows them to offload some of the customers’ data traffic via hotspots. The problem that arises in such a mechanism is the existing wireless standards, and mobile devices connection management software have not been developed for this purpose. The Hotspot2.0 standard was created to overcome this limitation, by making the Wi-Fi experience similar to the cellular in terms of roaming, transparency and security. We have in our work, applied the concept of NFV by virtualizing these brand new Wi-Fi access points. One of the problems that we faced is the high security required by such standard, including the provisioning of client credentials in public areas. In our thesis we propose an innovative architecture for the repatriation of these credentials through NFC terminals. These same terminals will be used for access points’ urbanization by allowing users to create their own Wi-Fi virtual access point on the fly. The last aspect of this thesis is related to the management of virtualized entities changing communication patterns of legacy networks. In this context, SDN (Software Defined Network) emerged in data centers to redefine the way we think about networks, and is designed for virtualized environments. In this thesis we brought SDN to the edge of the network in our Wi-Fi virtual access points. More than a new paradigm of networks communications, we will see that NFV/SDN in Wi-Fi networks will in the near future make Wi-Fi networks more flexible, open and scalable.

Globalization and centralization have resulted in prolonged transportation time between producer and consumer, and thus put more demand on the perseveration of a product for longer duration and protect it from oxidation. The presence of oxygen in packages severely foreshortens the storage life as it yield losses of nutrients and allow microbial growth, which can cause changes in smell, taste as well as discoloration. Earlier food and beverage containers were made in inorganic materials e.g. metal and glass, however lately more and more focus have been on synthetic organic materials as these show several advantages, e.g. weight. However, still today most of the commercial packaging materials, organic or inorganic, are not considered to be environmental friendly. Thus, efforts have to be made today in order to invent alternative materials that can make the society of tomorrow more sustainable. Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the world, hence making it desirable to use in “green” packaging applications. Furthermore, cellulose has proven being able to form films with great gas barrier potential under specific conditions. However, cellulose based materials are sensitive to moisture with severely increased oxygen transmission with increased relative humidity as a result; hence it is desired to make cellulose less hygroscopic by chemical modification. First, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with 720 mmol carboxylic groups/g fiber was produced by oxidation of dissolving pulp before homogenization. Thereafter a polymer was synthesized utilizing Initiator A as an initiator at T1 and T2. The polymer synthesized at T1 yielded a polymer with a viscosity average molecular weight of 5770 g/mol.  The polymer was then grafted on the oxidized NFC through a coupling reaction performed in Buffer C using Coupling agent A. The grafting procedure was performed in Buffer C at ambient conditions giving rise to a material composed of 33 wt% synthetic polymer and 67 wt% NFC. The coupling was conducted several times in order to investigate how the final product can be affected by varying reactant feed and dispersion method. Finally, films of NFC and NFC-g-Polymer were manufactured by vacuum filtration from a 0.05 wt% Solvent A dispersion and were evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy.

Materials and materiality in interaction design has become more and more important perspectives within the field. Material explorations of a specific material could contribute to this ongoing discussion. As means to investigate how material properties affect interactive qualities for a tangible interaction design, a remake of an existing design was created. The starting point for remake is a tangible programming space for children called Patcher where custom built RFID readers is interacted with. For this investigation, Android mobile phones with NFC readers is the material of choice when recreating the same concept. Design values in Patcher are identified as collaborative play and open-ended programming play. The creation process of Alfombra Applique, the remake, is presented, the design choices and how they relate to the shift of material. This leads to learnings regarding how material properties differ when using the prebuild product with a lot of design possibilities in relationship to custom built hardware. These learning can be summarized into three topics. (1) When using a prebuilt product as material there will be more limitations to how a designer can change the material, it can only be bent using software. (2) A consumer market product opens up to getting the artefact available to more users, but it could depend on how the product normally is used. (3) The designer and users will have a lot more preknowledge of the material whish gives implications on expectations. Also, the paper investigates how exploring materials and having a bricolage mindset made it possible to create a meaningful remake with other material of an existing design. It is concluded that the choice of materials and how designers work with their properties changes what is relevant and possible to design. / Inom forskningsfältet interaktionsdesign har diskussioner kring material och materialegenskaper blivit mer och mer viktigt. En typ av forskning som bidrar till denna diskussion är materialutforskningar. I denna artikel undersöks hur materialegenskaper påverkar designbeslut inom greppbar interaktionsdesign. Materialegenskapernas påverkan  undersöks genom att återvinna ett existerande koncept från fältet och återskapa detta med andra material. Förlagan, Patcher, är en matta för programmeringslek där barn interagerar med RFID-taggar som läses med RFID-läsare som designerna själva hade satt ihop från komponenter. I den nya prototypen användes istället Androidtelefoner utrustade med NFC-läsare och NFC-taggar för dessa att läsa av. Från Patcher behölls grundidén och två designvärderingar att ta med till den nya designprocessen, dels vikten av att uppmuntra till samarbete samt användarnas självständighet att hitta på regler och mål med leken. Den nya designen får namnet Alfombra Applique. Designen, designbesluten och hur de är relaterade till materialbytet presenteras. Detta leder till resultat angående hur materialegenskaperna mellan egenkonstruerad hårdvara och en färdigkomponerad produkt, som en mobiltelefon, skiljer sig åt. Dessa resultat summeras till tre punkter. (1) Att använda en färdig produkt i skapandet av den här typen av greppbar interaktionsdesign gör det svårare att modifiera materialet, det är bara möjligt med mjukvara. (2) Det finns potential att nå fler användare av greppbar interaktionsdesign när materialitet är existerande produkter som många redan äger. (3) Förväntningar på en design förändras när användare och designer har mer förförståelse för föremålet och dess förväntade användning. Förutom detta visas hur metoden för undersökandet av materialen inspirerat från bricolage som var viktig för designprocessen gjorde det möjligt att återskapa ett existerande koncept. Detta leder till slutsatsen att vilka material som används och hur designern arbetar med deras egenskaper förändrar vad som är relevant och vad som är möjligt att skapa inom interaktionsdesign.