Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University, 1934. / Vita.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. / Title from title screen (viewed 05/10/2006). "June 2005." Includes bibliographical references.

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This study addresses chivalric writing and court culture during the reign of Juan II of Castile and aims to examine the changing chivalric ideal in Castile during this turbulent period of Castilian history. My thesis argues that political crisis in Castile led to a corresponding crisis in Castilian chivalry as commentators at the royal court tried to correct the failings of the Castilian nobility. The study is based around the work of Alonso de Cartagena, an esteemed diplomat, translator and the Bishop of Burgos in the latter years of Juan II’s reign. Like many of his contemporaries, Cartagena lamented Castile’s descent into civil war and felt compelled to take up his pen in response to the drawn swords of the Castilian nobility. His Doctrinal de los caualleros, produced in 1444 at the height of the civil war, was a highly critical look at chivalry and nobility in the Kingdom of Castile. Cartagena’s view of the chivalric ideal was one which was fundamentally shaped by the civil war. This study seeks to set his ideas in their broader context and argues that they should be seen as part of a wider Castilian debate on chivalry and nobility. This debate involved a number of Cartagena’s contemporaries including, Diego de Valera, Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo and the Marquis of Santillana Íñigo López de Mendoza. Cartagena, along with a number of these authors, challenged traditional views on chivalry and nobility and instead argued for a view of knighthood grounded in individual good conduct and personal worth, in place of lineage and inherited status. This study argues that the civil war in Castile paved the way for the development of a rich literature of chivalric reform and facilitated the development of the sort of knightly criticism seen elsewhere in Europe in the later Middle Ages. However, rather than simply being a theoretical discussion, the civil war and unique social pressures on the Iberian Peninsula made the debate highly relevant. Chivalry became a vehicle for political criticism and reform. For Cartagena and his contemporaries, chivalric writing offered a means of ending the civil war by addressing what they saw as endemic issues with the rebellious Castilian nobility. My work has thus argued for a view of chivalry as a changing and developing body of thought shaped by the intellectual and political context in which it developed. Chivalry was, in essence, a code of military ethics governing conduct on and off the battlefield. However, whilst its basic tenants of virtue, honour, prowess at arms and piety were broadly similar across Europe, how they were understood differed greatly. Rather than seeking an all-encompassing definition, I have argued that the focus should fall on the differences and complexities within chivalric thought.

The thesis is entitled Coffee, tea and chocolate as a part of the life of noblemen during the early-modern times period in the Czech countries and it presents the history of everydayness of the nobility in the Czech Kingdom and in the Margraviate of Moravia from the middle of the 17th up to the ending of the 18th century, and it emphasizes the material culture which was used for drinking coffee, tea and chocolate. Castle inventories and municipal palaces inventories were used as an initial source of information. At the very beginning the noble families were chosen and afterwards their residential network was approached in detail. This work also focused on the topography of the residences and on the location of items used for coffee, tea and chocolate consumption within the particular castles or palaces. On this basis the author tried to reconstruct the way of thinking, behavior and attitudes of noblemen, and to explain the symbolic meaning of the decoration of the residences, the symbolic role of items as a representation of noblemen as a mean of the enrichment of their social and cultural habits as well. The set-up of items and other accessories served with coffee, tea and chocolate were not forgotten either. The inventories were put through a deep research which helped to create a social and power stratification on the basis of items used for coffee, tea and chocolate consumption. Another comparison also emerged- the comparison of particular members of various families representation and also the ownership of examined items on the basis of gender definition. This work tried to immerse to the topic of symbolic communication.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-22T14:15:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE EDUARDO BORGES.pdf: 2229043 bytes, checksum: cd15124fe8989311d07b69cd3585ae8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-03-28T19:10:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE EDUARDO BORGES.pdf: 2229043 bytes, checksum: cd15124fe8989311d07b69cd3585ae8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T19:10:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE EDUARDO BORGES.pdf: 2229043 bytes, checksum: cd15124fe8989311d07b69cd3585ae8e (MD5) / CAPES / No século XVIII, vivia a sociedade portuguesa sob a influência de um ethos nobiliárquico que valorizava a prestação de serviços à Coroa. Nesse contexto, essa mesma sociedade renovava seus critérios de classificação hierárquica, cujas definições passavam a ser responsabilidade da própria monarquia. Coube à Coroa definir o acesso aos diversos graus de nobreza e ao mesmo tempo desempenhar uma espécie de ―monopólio régio das classificações sociais‖. Tanto no reino quanto na Bahia colonial, se fizeram presentes, nesse período, instrumentos de ascensão social, tais como: remuneração de serviços, distribuição e redistribuição de honras e mercês e concessões de hábitos de ordens religiosas e militares. Diante desse quadro, e inspirados no ethos nobiliárquico reinol, membros da camada superior da sociedade baiana do século XVIII buscaram qualificar-se socialmente, ao fazerem uso dos diversos instrumentos de nobilitação presentes na dimensão reinol e reproduzidos em território colonial. Buscando analisar de maneira mais profunda as estratégias de ascensão social das elites baianas, esta pesquisa investigou a trajetória de uma família de considerável poder político, econômico e social da Bahia colonial, no caso a família Pires de Carvalho e Albuquerque. Ao examinar as iniciativas estratégicas dos Pires de Carvalho e Albuquerque na busca por honras e mercês, além das ações de reprodução social colocada em prática pela família, foi possível perceber o quanto o ethos nobiliárquico presente no reino foi refletido nas ações dos sujeitos que formavam as camadas superiores da sociedade colonial baiana. Diante da identificação e análise da documentação referente às relações entre indivíduos da colônia e da metrópole, ficou evidenciado o quanto de parâmetros societários típicos do Antigo Regime se fizeram presentes na organização hierárquica da sociedade colonial. In the XVIII century, the Portuguese society, under the influence of an ethos of nobility ranking, it valued service delivery to the Crown. In this context, this society renews its hierarchical ranking criteria whose settings passed to be responsibility of the monarchy itself. The Crown had the prerogative to set access to the different nobility levels and simultaneously would perform a sort of "royal monopoly over social ranking". And thus, inspired by the ethos of nobility, noble sectors of Portuguese society would sought to acquire and legitimize its privileges. It was the Crown's responsibility over the approach and control strategies establishment that social core through actions such as: payment for services; distribution and redistribution of honors and favors, and concessions of habits for religious and military orders. Given this situation, and inspired by the ethos royal nobility, members of the upper layer of Bahia's society in the eighteenth century sought to qualify socially, to make use of the various instruments of ennoblement present in royal realm and reproduced on colonial territory. Trying to analyze more deeply the social mobility strategies of Bahian elites, this research investigated the trajectory of a family of considerable political power, economic and social in colonial Bahia, where the family Pires de Carvalho e Albuquerque. In examining the strategic initiatives of Pires de Carvalho e Albuquerque in the search for honors and favors, in addition to social reproduction actions put into practice by the family, it was revealed how much the ethos of nobility present in the kingdom was reflected in the actions of the subjects that formed the upper layers of the Bahia colonial society. On the identification and analysis of documentation to relations among individuals of the colony and the metropolis, it was evident how much of typical corporate parameters of the old regime were present in the hierarchical organization of colonial society.

abstract: Vivid illuminations of the aristocratic hunt decorate Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS. fr. 616, an early fifteenth-century illuminated manuscript of Le livre de chasse composed by Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn (1331-1391 C.E.), in 1389. Gilded miniatures visualize the medieval park, an artificial landscape designed to facilitate the ideal noble chase, depicting the various methods to pursue, capture, and kill the prey within as well as the ritual dismemberment of animals. Medieval nobles participated in the social performance of the hunt to demonstrate their inclusion in the collective identity of the aristocracy. The text and illuminations of Le livre de chasse contributed to the codification of the medieval noble hunt and became integral to the formation of cultural memory which served as the foundation for the establishment of the aristocracy as different from other parts of society in the Middle Ages. This study contributes new information through examination of previously ignored sources as well as new analysis through application of critical theoretical frameworks to interpret the manuscript as a meaning-making object within the visual culture of the Middle Ages and analysis of the illuminations reveals the complexities surrounding one of the most important acts of performance for the medieval elite. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation History and Theory Of Art 2017

The purpose of this paper is to chart the relationship between supplicants and the Knightship and the nobility (K.a.N) during the age of freedom and the identities created in these meetings. The result of this study is based on the parliamentary protocols of 1731, 1746-1757 and 1771-1772. To answer the purpose of this study, three questions have been constructed. First, who were the supplicants and the supplications? Supplicants came from all over Sweden and its provinces. It was mainly nobleman who spoke to K.a.N, but also women, farmers, bourgeois, craftsmen, theologians, academics, officials and cultural workers. The supplications, could be performed by a single supplicant or a larger group, both for personal reasons or for someone else's. The supplications could both, written down short and concise or long and nuanced. Service, economy, benefit, legal goals and permissions are the five different types of supplications that have been categorized. There is a change in the content of supplications over time, which was due to changes in external frameworks such as laws and taxes. Secondly, what strategies and identities were used by the supplicant to try to influence the outcome of the supplication? In total, sixteen different strategies and identities have been indetified. The legal right, Employment, Succession, For king and country, Suffering, Gods will, By the nature, Like so many before, Honors and status, Encouragement, Flattering, The family, Health and mind, Loss, Modesty, and Poverty. Thirdly, how did the K.a.N motivate their decisions? Of the total 182 supplications 147 were appeals. In 1731 a practice was developed where widows were granted half of the amount they sought. In total there were 12 supplications that did not get a decision or were left resting and nine supplications were rejected. The supplications that were rejected were mainly requests regarding succession and recommendations. It has shown that the supplication could create reproach for the K.a.N, partly by showing decisions later regarded as incorrect. Supplications about recommendations often raised discussions within the K.a.N and many advocated that they should not interfere with private matters. K.a.N did not treat the supplications with consistency - but with what was considered appropriate for the individual, even if it was against the law/practice. It was also found that the supplicant's identity was fortified by K.a.N or created, in order to justify approvals. The approval could be written even more nuanced and flattering by K.a.N than the supplication itself.