Doctoral Dissertation, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "LBNL--56749" Folden III, Charles Marvin. USDOE Director. Office of Science. Office of Nuclear Physics 11/04/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to the University of California, Berkeley, CA (US); 21 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "LBNL--56768" Urban, Jeffry Todd. USDOE Director. Office of Science. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (US) 12/21/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

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L'étude de la région des noyaux lourds et superlourds représente un des défis de la physique nucléaire contemporaine, tant au niveau des dispositifs expérimentaux nécessaires que des analyses de données complexes. L'étude des noyaux transfermia (Z = 100 à 106) nous permet, au travers de la spectroscopie de décroissance α et γ/électron, d'apporter de nouvelles informations de structure nucléaire ainsi que sur ses propriétés dans cette région de masse. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, j'ai ainsi pu étudier le noyau 257Db. Cette étude a été menée sur le séparateur SHELS auprès du dispositif GABRIELA au JINR de Dubna (Russie). Elle nous a permis d'apporter de nouvelles informations spectroscopiques sur ce noyau au travers d'une étude de spectroscopie retardée en profitant de la réaction de fusion évaporation 50Ti(209Bi,2n)257Db ainsi que les très bonnes performances du dispositif GABRIELA. Ces études ont notamment permis d'établir un nouveau schéma de niveaux pour le noyau 257Db, mais aussi de confirmer le schéma de décroissance pour les noyaux 257Db et 253Lr. De plus, j'ai aussi pris part au développement et à la caractérisation de détecteurs silicium de dernière génération dans le cadre du projet S3/SIRIUS (SPIRAL2, GANIL). Ces études nous ont non seulement permis de caractériser ces détecteurs, et ainsi vérifier leurs performances vis-à-vis du cahier des charges, mais aussi de mettre en évidence des phénomènes internes à basse énergie dans ces derniers. Les caractérisations ainsi que l'analyse et l'interprétation de ces phénomènes sont présentés et discutés. / The study of the heavy and superheavy nuclei mass region represents one of the biggest challenge for the modern nuclear physic regarding both experimental setups and complex analysis. Moreover, the study around the transfermia nuclei (Z = 100 to 106), through the spectroscopy experiments, allows us to bring new information on the nuclear matter and its properties. Therefore, my thesis experiment was focused on the study of the 257Db nuclei. The experiment was performed on the SHELS separator using the GABRIELA setup at the JINR of Dubna (Russia). This study allows us to highlight new information regarding this nucleus, through the delayed spectroscopy method and by using the 50TI(209Bi,2n)257Db fusion evaporation reaction as well as the very good performances of the GABRIELA setup (α, γ and electron detection). This study allows us also to establish a new level scheme as well as to confirm the decay one for the 257Db and 253Lr nuclei. The second part of my thesis work was centered on the development and the characterization of Silicon detectors for the S3/SIRIUS projet (SPRIAL2, GANIL). The characterization allows us to confirm the good performances of these detectors according to the specifications. Moreover, it also highlights internal phenomena at low energy within the detector. Thus, the characterization as well as the interpretation of these phenomena will be presented.

Circadian system of mammals is generated in suprachiasmatic nuclei of hypothalamus. This system is synchronized with light conditions through phase shifts that occur after light exposition during the subjective night. Recent studies have shown that activation of endocannabinoid receptors attenuates the light-induced phase shifts and influences the ability of circadian system to light entrainment. The aim of this work is to examine this influence on behavioral level and on light-reactive cellular processes within the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Our results show that the activation of endocannabinoid system via CB1 receptor agonist modulates the light-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the expression of c-Fos protein in neurons of suprachiasmatic nuclei in the rat's brain; these cellular processes correlate with the attenuation of light entrainment. Keywords: circadian system, suprachiasmatic nuclei, light entrainment, endocannabinoid system, CB1 receptors, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, ERK1/2, c-Fos

The long-standing problem of possible formation of metastable states in collisions of the eta-meson with atomic nuclei is revisited. The two-body eta-nucleon interaction is described by a local potential, which is constructed by fitting known low-energy parameters of this interaction. The many-body eta-nucleus potential obtained within the folding model, is used to search for metastable states of the systems formed by the eta-meson with hydrogen and helium isotopes. It is found that all these systems generate strings of overlapping resonances. / Physics / M.Sc. (Physics)

La compréhension des mécanismes physiologiques et physiopathologiques du contrôle la locomotion et de ses troubles, constitue un enjeu majeur de la recherche biomédicale, pour améliorer la qualité et l'espérance de vie des patients atteints de la maladie de Parkinson. A partir de données expérimentales, la stimulation cérébrale profonde de la formation réticulée mésencéphalique (FRM), incluant les noyaux pédonculopontins et cunéiformes, a été proposée en 2005 comme nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour traiter le freezing de la marche. Cependant, au regard de résultats cliniques très hétérogènes, de nombreuses interrogations se posent concernant les connaissances anatomiques et fonctionnelles de la FRM, marquées notamment par un nombre limité de données expérimentales chez le primate non-humain. Cette étude s'inscrit dans une approche translationnelle associant des données cliniques et pré-cliniques. Dans un premier temps, un modèle de locomotion bipède chez le primate non-humain a été développé puis validé à partir de données cinématiques. Une approche IRM multi-séquences a été développée pour permettre un suivi longitudinal du protocole et la construction d'un atlas du tronc cérébral de Macaca fascicularis. Un mapping électrophysiologique de la FRM a ensuite été réalisé chez deux primates éveillés, qui a permis de mettre en évidence pour la première fois, des activités neuronales qui répondaient à la locomotion, confirmant ainsi l'existence d'une région locomotrice mésencéphalique chez le primate. Après intoxication au MPTP, seule une modification du pattern de décharge des neurones de la FRM a été observée, ainsi que des arguments en faveur d'un dysfonctionnement de l'activité de certains neurones de la FRM durant le blocage du pas. Enfin, des enregistrements électrophysiologiques durant des phases de locomotion puis d'endormissement naturel, suggèrent une double implication de populations neuronales dans le contrôle de la locomotion et du niveau de vigilance. La réalisation d'un nouveau système de coordonnées adapté au tronc cérébral humain a permis de réaliser une étude de corrélations anatomo-cliniques des effets de la stimulation cérébrale profonde du noyau pédonculopontin et de proposer une cible probabiliste pour l'implantation d'électrodes dans la FRM pour traiter le freezing de la marche dans le contexte parkinsonien. / The comprehension of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the control of locomotion and gait troubles remains a major challenge for biomedical research in order to improve quality and expectancy of life in parkinsonian patient. On the basis of experimental data, deep brain stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), including the pedunculopontine and cuneiform nuclei, was proposed in 2005 as a new target to treat freezing of gait. However, regarding the heterogeneity of the clinical results, different questions now raise concerning the lack of anatomical and functional data of the MRF especially in non-human primate. The present study falls within a translational approach using clinical and pre-clinical data. First, a non-human primate model of bipedal locomotion was developed and validated on the basis of kinematic data. Multi-sequences MRI methodology was developed, allowing a longitudinal monitoring of the primate protocol and to construct a brainstem atlas of Macaca fascicularis. Then, an electrophysiological mapping of the MRF was performed in two behaving primates during rest and locomotion periods. For the first time, neurons within the MRF were found to respond to locomotion confirming the existence of a mesencephalic locomotor region in primate. After MPTP intoxication, only changes in neuronal discharge pattern were observed and arguments in favor of a misfunctioning of some MRF neurons during gait blockage. Finally, electrophysiological recordings during locomotion and natural transition from wakefulness to sleep suggest a dual function of some MRF neurons in the control of locomotion and arousal. The development of a new coordinate system adapted to human brainstem anatomy allowed to perform an anatomo-clinical evaluation of deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus and to provide a probabilist target for electrode implantation in the MRF to treat freezing of gait in the parkinsonian context.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05403.pdf: 3608647 bytes, checksum: 066e3f6af2ef001c7431582e2ce35791 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:96/01220-7

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta.pdf: 2156845 bytes, checksum: 3eed76125c43c8e501bbd0706bba2a4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this dissertation we conducted a research of education of teachers for the use of digital technologies developed in the Nuclei of Educational Technology (NTE) of the State of Santa Catarina. Thus, we developed two actions: a) analysis of the academic production between years 2000 to 2008, theses and dissertations on the National Program for Information Technology in Education, specifically on the training offered in the NTE and the infrastructure available for this work, b) survey with multiplier educators that working in the thirty four NTE of the State of Santa Catarina, looking for investigate their educational degree, expectations and perspectives on their work and methodology for the conduct of educational courses for teachers to development skills in use of digital technologies. The data revealed that: a) much has been done, but there is still much to be done in the discussion and implementation of public policies that seek the effective integration of digital technologies at schools, b) As education of multiplier educators as the teachers must be within a context that in addition to the use of machine learning, pedagogically discuss the effective integration of various media within the school and its practice, c) there is a needing for discussion about the emergence of structural and curricular changes at scholar institutions with the introduction of digital technologies / Nesta dissertação realizamos um mapeamento das formações de professores para o uso das tecnologias digitais desenvolvidas nos Núcleos de Tecnologia Educacional (NTE) do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para tanto, desenvolvemos duas ações: a) levantamento da produção acadêmica do período 2000-2008, teses e dissertações, sobre o Programa Nacional de Informática na Educação (ProInfo), mais especificamente sobre a formação oferecida nos NTE e a infraestrutura disponível para a realização deste trabalho; b) pesquisa junto aos multiplicadores que atuam nos 34 NTE de SC, na procura de conhecer sua formação, expectativas e perspectivas em relação ao trabalho que realizam e a metodologia adotada para a realização dos cursos de formação para os professores desenvolverem competências no uso das tecnologias digitais . A análise dos dados evidencia que: a) muito se fez, mas há ainda muito mais a ser feito na discussão e implementação de política públicas que busquem a efetiva inserção das tecnologias digitais na escola; b) a formação tanto de multiplicadores, quanto de professores precisa estar dentro de um contexto que, para além do aprendizado da utilização da máquina, discuta pedagogicamente a efetiva inserção das diversas mídias dentro do contexto escolar e de sua prática; c) há necessidade de discussão acerca da emergência de mudanças estruturais e curriculares nas instituições escolares com a introdução das tecnologias digitais