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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Development of a 6-degree-of-freedom magnetically levitated instrument with nanometer precision

Gu, Jie 30 September 2004 (has links)
This thesis presents the design and fabrication of a novel magnetically levitated (maglev) device with six-degree-of-freedom motion capability at nanometer precision. The applications of this device are manufacture of nanoscale structures, assembly of microparts, vibration isolation of delicate instrumentation, and telerobotics. In this thesis, a single-moving stage is levitated by six maglev actuators. The total mass of the moving stage is 0.2126 kg. Three laser interferometers and three capacitance sensors are used to gather the position information. User interface and real-time control routines are implemented digitally on a VME PC and a digital-signal-processor (DSP) board. The underlying mechanical design and fabrication, electrical system setup, control system design, noise analysis, and test results are presented in this thesis. Test results show a quick step response in all six axes and a resolution of 2.5 nm rms in horizontal motion and 25 nm rms in vertical motion.
12

Manipulation dans le micro/nanomonde : dispositif haptique préhensile / Micro/nanomanipulation : Micro/nanomanipulation : Haptic device

Nigues, Antoine 06 September 2012 (has links)
Le rayonnement synchrotron et la microscopie à sondes locales (SPM) sont deux des techniques les plus utilisées pour étudier les propriétés physiques et chimiques de nanostructures. Le couplage de ces deux techniques est prometteur pour les nanosciences en leur ouvrant de nouveaux horizons. D'un point de vue expérimental ce couplage est un défi exaltant et a déjà prouvé ses capacités par la combinaison de la Microscopie à Force Atomique (AFM) et de la diffraction de Rayons-X pendant le projet X-tip, qui, grâce au développement d'un microcope à force atomique embarqué sur une lugne de lumière synchrotron a permis l'étude du module de Young de microplots de germanium en procédant simulatanément à son indentation et à son analyse par diffraction. Cependant, cette configuration ne permet pas de manipuler en trois dimensions (3D). Le but ultime, pour notre nano-manipulateur est de manipuler en 3D avec un contrôle permanent des nano-forces exercées sur l'objet sous un faisceau d'analyse (rayon X, LASER). Le premier chapitre s'attarde donc sur les senseurs qui devront rendre compte des interactions à l'échelle nanométrique et permettre la saisie d'un objet individuel. Après un tour d'horizon de différentes techniques de micro/nanomanipulation disponibles à ce jour (micro-préhenseurs mécaniques basés sur la technologie MEMS, pinces optiques, préhenseurs basés sur la microscopie à force atomique conventionnelle) et devant les contraintes qu'implique le couplage d'un tel système avec les expériences synchrotron, le choix des oscillateurs à quartz (Diapason et LER) en tant que senseurs est expliqué. La microscopie à force atomique en générale et le fonctionnement particulier de ces oscillateurs sont décrits. Dans le second chapitre le développement instrumental de notre station de nanomanipulation est détaillé et notamment : Comment mettre en place ce type de résonateurs et la pointe associée pour réaliser à la fois l'imagerie AFM de l'échantillon et la préhension de l'objet? Comment contrôler le positionnement grossier et fin des trois éléments d'une nanomanipulation? Enfin le système haptique ERGOS et son couplage avec notre montage est décrit. Dans le dernier chapitre, deux types d'expériences sont présentés : le premier ne fait intervenir que notre montage piloté classiquement par ordinateur et montre ses capacités à réaliser la préhension d'objets micrométriques de manière contrôlée. Le second fait intervenir le couplage entre notre montage et le système haptique pour réaliser l'exploration rapide d'un échantillon ainsi que la localisation et la reconnaissance de forme d'objet sub-micronique. Ces expériences rendent compte des capacités de ce couplage à transmettre directement à un utilisateur les interactions à l'échelle nanométrique ainsi que la possibilité par l'intermédiaire de cette interface de réaliser des tâches complexes : manipulation sur une surface, reconnaissance de forme, et suivi de contour. / The synchrotron radiation and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) are the (two) most used techniques to study the physical and chimical properties of nanostructures. Coupling these two techniques is promising for the nanosciences by opening news horizons. From an experimental point of view, this coupling is an exciting challenge and has already proven its skills with the combination of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-Ray diffraction during the X-tip project, which, thanks to the development of an atomic force microscope embended on a synchrotron beamline, has permitted to study Young's modulus of germanium microplots proceeding simultaneously with its indentation and its diffraction analysis. However, this configuration doesn't permit a three dimension (3D) manipulation. The ultimate goal, for our nano-manipulator, is to manipulate in 3D with a permanent control of nano-forces exerted on the object undcer a scanning beam (X-Ray, laser). The first chapter therefore focuses on the sensors which measure the interactions at a nanometer scale and permit the seizure of an individual object. After an overview of the differents techniques of micro/nano-manipulation available today ( mechanical micro-grippers based on MEMS technology, optic tweezers, grippers based on conventionnal atomic force microscopy), and in front of the constraints implied by the coupling of this kind of system with the synchrotron experiments, the choice of quartz oscillators (Tunning fork and LER) as sensors is explained. The atomic force microscopy in general and the particular behavior of these oscillators is described. In the second chapter, the instrumental development of our nano-manipulation station is detailed and especially : How to implement this type of resonators and the associated tip to achieve both AFM imaging of the sample and gripping of the object ? How to control the coarse and fine positionning of the three elements of a nano-manipulation ? Finally, the haptic system ERGOS et its coupling with our assembly is describe. In the last chapter, two types of experiments are presented : the first involves only our assembly piloted classically with a computer and show its skills in the achievement of gripping of micrometric objects in a controled way. The second involves the coupling between our assembly and the haptic system to achieve the fast exploration of a sample and also the location and shape recognition of sub-micronic objects. These experiments reflect the capacities of this coupling to directly transmit to an user the interactions at a nanometer scale and also the possibility using this interface to achieve complex tasks : manipulation on a surface, shape recognition and contour tracking.
13

Vison and visual servoing for nanomanipulation and nanocharacterization using scanning electron microscope / Vision et asservissement visuel pour la nanomanipulation et la nanocarectérisation sous microscope électrique à balayage.

Marturi, Naresh 19 November 2013 (has links)
Avec les dernières avancées en matière de nanotechnologies, il est devenu possible de concevoir, avec une grande efficacité, de nouveaux dispositifs et systèmes nanométriques. Il en résulte la nécessité de développer des méthodes de pointe fiables pour la nano manipulation et la nano caractérisation. La d´étection directe par l’homme n’ étant pas une option envisageable à cette échelle, les tâches sont habituellement effectuées par un opérateur humain expert `a l’aide de microscope électronique à balayage équipé de dispositifs micro nano robotiques. Toutefois, en raison de l’absence de méthodes efficaces, ces tâches sont toujours difficiles et souvent fastidieuses à réaliser. Grâce à ce travail, nous montrons que ce problème peut être résolu efficacement jusqu’ à une certaine mesure en utilisant les informations extraites des images. Le travail porte sur l’utilisation des images électroniques pour développer des méthodes automatiques fiables permettant d’effectuer des tâches de nano manipulation et nano caractérisation précises et efficaces. En premier lieu, puisque l’imagerie électronique à balayage est affectée par les instabilités de la colonne électronique, des méthodes fonctionnant en temps réel pour surveiller la qualité des images et compenser leur distorsion dynamique ont été développées. Ensuite des lois d’asservissement visuel ont été développées pour résoudre deux problèmes. La mise au point automatique utilisant l’asservissement visuel, développée, assure une netteté constante tout au long des processus. Elle a permis d’estimer la profondeur inter-objet, habituellement très difficile à calculer dans un microscope électronique à balayage. Deux schémas d’asservissement visuel ont été développés pour le problème du nano positionnement dans un microscope électronique. Ils sont fondés sur l’utilisation directe des intensités des pixels et l’information spectrale, respectivement. Les précisions obtenues par les deux méthodes dans diff érentes conditions expérimentales ont été satisfaisantes. Le travail réalisé ouvre la voie à la réalisation d’applications précises et fiables telles que l’analyse topographique,le sondage de nanostructures ou l’extraction d’ échantillons pour microscope électronique en transmission. / With the latest advances in nanotechnology, it became possible to design novel nanoscale devicesand systems with increasing efficiency. The consequence of this fact is an increase in the need for developing reliable and cutting edge processes for nanomanipulation and nanocharacterization. Since the human direct sensing is not a feasible option at this particular scale, the tasks are usually performedby an expert human operator using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped withmicro-nanorobotic devices. However, due to the lack of effective processes, these tasks are always challenging and often tiresome to perform. Through this work we show that, this problem can be tackle deffectively up to an extent using the microscopic vision information. It is concerned about using the SEM vision to develop reliable automated methods in order to perform accurate and efficient nanomanipulation and nano characterization. Since, SEM imaging is affected by the non-linearities and instabilities present in the electron column, real time methods to monitor the imaging quality and to compensate the time varying distortion were developed. Later, these images were used in the development of visual servoing control laws. The developed visual servoing-based autofocusing method ensures a constant focus throughout the process and was used for estimating the inter-object depth that is highly challenging to compute using a SEM. Two visual servoing schemes were developed toperform accurate nanopositioning using a nanorobotic station positioned inside SEM. They are basedon the direct use of global pixel intensities and Fourier spectral information respectively. The positioning accuracies achieved by both the methods at different experimental conditions were satisfactory.The achieved results facilitate in developing accurate and reliable applications such as topographic analysis, nanoprobing and sample lift-out using SEM.
14

Nanodeposition and plasmonically enhanced Raman spectroscopy on individual carbon nanotubes

Strain, Kirsten Margaret January 2014 (has links)
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit extraordinary properties: mechanical, thermal, optical and, possibly the most interesting, electrical. These all-carbon cylindrical structures can be metallic or semi-conducting depending on their precise structure. They have the potential to allow faster transistor switching speeds and smaller, more closely-packed interconnects in microelectronics. However, such applications are hindered by the difficulties of positioning the correct type of SWNT in a spatially precise location and orientation. In addition, greater understanding of the fundamental limits of SWNTs, such as the limit of current density, is needed for optimum operation in applications. The primary aim of this project was to increase the understanding of current density limitation by using in situ plasmonically enhanced Raman spectroscopy during electrical transport. The use of plasmonic metal nanostructures to enhance the Raman scattering should allow the acquisition of informative spectra from SWNTs away from their intrinsic resonance conditions. To achieve this aim, SWNTs must be integrated with plasmonic metal structures as well as electrical connections. This thesis presents two approaches for the integration of SWNTs with other nanometre-scaled features, in particular plasmonic nanoparticles. Fountain pen nanolithography uses a hollow nanopipette in place of the probe tip in an atomic force microscope (AFM), through which material can be delivered to a spatially precise position on a surface. Aqueous SWNT dispersion was delivered to chemically-functionalised silicon in this way, through pulled quartz pipettes with aperture diameters of 50 nm, 100 nm and 150 nm. The heights, widths and continuity of lines drawn on the surface by the nanopipette depended on the size, setpoint and lateral speed of the tip. A small bias voltage applied between the SWNT dispersion inside the pipette and the substrate allowed the deposition to be switched on or off depending on the polarity of the voltage, through the action of electroosmotic effects within the quartz capillary. The quality and density of the SWNT dispersion was found to be important for successful deposition to occur, since too low a concentration results in the lines deposited from the pipette being only surfactant but too high a concentration of bundles would quickly block the small tip of the pipette. Polarised Raman spectroscopy on SWNT deposited by fountain pen nanolithography showed that they had a high level of alignment parallel to the direction in which the pipette moved. Spherical gold nanoparticles with plasmonic properties suitable for enhancing Raman scattering were dropped onto samples containing individual SWNTs supported on a Si/SiO2 surface. Nanomanipulation with an atomic force microscope was used to push the gold nanoparticles onto the SWNTs. Raman spectra measured with and without the gold particles showed that the gold nanoparticles gave local enhancement factors of 24 for a single 150 nm nanoshell and 130 for a small cluster of 150 nm nanoshells. Polarised Raman studies on the cluster showed that the angle dependence deviated significantly from that expected of a bare SWNT. Electrical transport experiments with in situ plasmonically enhanced Raman spectroscopy may be performed on samples prepared from the methods described here. Such experiments would increase understanding of the electrical properties of SWNTs and how they relate to the vibrational and optical properties.
15

Tip Based Automated Nanomanipulation using Scanning Probe Microscopy

Ozcan, Onur 01 March 2012 (has links)
The promise to build structures atom by atom that would lead to devices or materials with tuned properties that surpass any material we encounter in the macroscale world inspires more researchers everyday to study nanotechnology. As a direct result of this interest in nanotechnology, manipulation systems with nano or sub-nano scale precision are required to position or pattern matter in smaller scales to study it. However, this manipulation task is not straightforward due to small scale physics, which reduces the effect of weight and inertia, the dominant forces in macroscale, and promotes other forces such as adhesion or electrostatic interactions. Hence, to understand nanoscale physics, the first step to take is to model and characterize the underlying principles. In this context, scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) are suitable tools for experimenting on nanoscale physics, in addition to being good candidates as nanomanipulation systems due to their ability to locally interact with the substrate using the end-effector that they utilize on the order of a few nanometers or below. On the other hand, using SPMs for nanomanipulation has drawbacks as well. Since they utilize a single end-effector to interact with the substrate, the manipulation process is serial hence slow with low throughput. Furthermore, having no real-time visual feedback and the non-linearity of the actuators decrease the precision and the repeatability of the positioning, hence decreasing the reliability of the manipulation. In order to consider SPMs as viable nanomanipulation tools, these challenges of speed and reliability should first be tackled by utilizing smarter algorithms and mechanisms. In this work, we demonstrate two case studies that are used for tackling the speed and reliability challenges of nanomanipulation. As the first case study, an AFM is utilized to position nanoparticles. In the AFM based mechanical contact manipulation of nanoparticles, we demonstrate automated control to increase speed and reliability. In order to achieve the automation, we present models to investigate the physics of nanoparticle manipulation using an AFM cantilever, and use these models to investigate the effect of cantilever selection to manipulation success. We demonstrate particle detection using line-scans and a contact loss detection algorithm using cantilever normal deflection data to decrease the number of images taken during manipulation. We also demonstrate through experimental results that it is possible to push and pull particles on a flat surface into defined patterns autonomously, using an AFM probe tip, and with an error less than the particle diameter, and with success rates as high as 87%. Moreover, an STM is utilized to manipulate surfaces using electrical pulses and high electric fields as a second case study of this thesis. During the STM based electrical non-contact manipulation, utilizing conductive AFM probes as STM end-effectors as a step towards a multiple probe approach is suggested to improve the speed and throughput of the STM manipulation. STM imaging of surfaces using STM tips and conductive AFM probes are demonstrated and algorithms for STM based electrical manipulation of surfaces is presented and experimentally verified. Furthermore, models for STM operation and manipulation using STM tips and AFM probes as end-effectors are developed and the effects of several design parameters on STM based imaging and manipulation that utilizes AFM probes and STM tips are investigated. In addition, a faster and more flexible controller is designed and implemented which allows instant switching between AFM and STM modes, when conductive AFM probes are utilized.
16

Physicochemical characterization of discrete weapons grade plutonium metal particles originating from the 1960 BOMARC incident

Bowen, James M. January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
17

A Novel Nanoparticle Manipulation Method Using Atomic Force Microscope

Xu, JiaPeng 08 September 2009 (has links)
No description available.
18

Etude de la croissance de nanofils de Si Ge et caractérisation par microscopie à force atomique / Study of SiGe nanowires growth by chemical vapour deposition and characterization by atomic force microscopy.

Potié, Alexis 05 January 2012 (has links)
Étude de la croissance de nanofils de SiGe par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur et caractérisation par microscopie à force atomique. Les nanofils semi-conducteurs constituent des briques de bases au potentiel prometteur pour l’amélioration des dispositifs du futur. D’autre part, l’alliage SiGe permet de contrôler les propriétés électroniques de la matière telles que les mobilités des porteurs et la largeur de bande. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, nous étudions les mécanismes de croissance catalysée de nanofils de SiGe et développons des méthodes de caractérisation de nanofils par AFM.Dans un premier temps, la croissance par CVD de nanofils de SiGe est étudiée en utilisant l’or comme catalyseur. Nous étudions l’influence du HCl en phase gazeuse qui permet un contrôle de la croissance de nanofils de SiGe et modélisons son action.Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudions la croissance de nanofils SiGe catalysée par siliciures compatibles CMOS, et la croissance de nanofils de Ge pur à basse température. Nous nous intéressons également à l’élaboration d’hétérostructures.Enfin, nous étudions le module de Young de NF unique de Si, GaN et ZnO par AFM et une nouvelle méthode de génération de potentiel piézoélectrique sur NF de GaN a été développée. / Study of SiGe nanowires growth by chemical vapour deposition and characterization by atomic force microscopy.The use of semiconductor nanowires as building block for futur devices is a promising way of improving their performances. Moreover, \SiGe alloy is valuable for today’s microelectronics. In the present work, the catalyzed growth mechanisms of SiGe nanowires are studied and new methods for nanowire caracterisation using AFM are developped.First, gold catalyzed SiGe nanowire growth by CVD is studied. A better control of SiGe nanwires morphology and composition is then achieved by introducing HCl in the gas phase. A qualitative model based on our observations is proposed to explain the role of HCl.Second, we study the growth of SiGe nanowires using CMOS compatibles silicides, and pure Ge nanowires growth at low temperature. We also present the elaboration of heterostructured nanowire using different catalysts.Finally, single nanowire Young modulus is measured thanks to different AFM methods and a new approach for piezoelctric nanowire caracterisation using AFM is described.
19

Synthèse in-situ et caractérisation de nanotubes de carbone individuels sous émission de champ

Marchand, Mickaël 16 November 2009 (has links) (PDF)
L'étape clé pour intégrer des nanotubes de carbone à une échelle industrielle demeure un meilleur contrôle de leur croissance et notamment le contrôle sélectif de leurs chiralités en lien avec leurs propriétés électroniques. Ce travail a pour but de s'intéresser à la synthèse in-situ et à la caractérisation de nanotubes de carbone individuels par émission de champ pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes de nucléation et de croissance qui conditionnent sa chiralité. Nous avons développé un microscope à émission de champ couplé à un réacteur CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) pour observer directement la croissance catalytique de nanotubes de carbone individuels sur des pointes émettrices. Nous avons ainsi découvert que les nanotubes tournent souvent axialement pendant leur croissance, soutenant ainsi un modèle de " dislocation de vis ". L'analyse détaillée des résultats obtenus montre que nous observons directement la croissance atome par atome d'un nanotube monofeuillet individuel avec ajout d'un dimère de carbone à la fois à sa base. Parallèlement, des échantillons ont été caractérisés en détail sous émission de champ. Nous avons établi un protocole de collage de nanotubes individuels à l'apex d'une pointe métallique sous microscopies optique et électronique à balayage à l'aide d'un nanomanipulateur. Leur dépendance en température à très bas courant a été mise en évidence avec un compteur d'électrons afin d'identifier les différents domaines d'émission électronique. L'analyse des distributions énergétiques a fait apparaître un phénomène de chauffage induit qui peut mener à des températures de l'ordre de 2000 K à l'extrémité du nanotube lorsqu'il est soumis à un fort champ.
20

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-FET Biosensors for Studying Osteocyte Mechanotransduction

Li, Jason 25 August 2011 (has links)
Nano-FET biosensors are an emerging nanoelectronic technology capable of real-time and label-free quantification of soluble biological molecules. This technology promises to enable novel in vitro experimental approaches for investigating complex biological systems. In this study, we first explored osteocyte mechanosensitivity under different mechanical stimuli and found that osteocytes are exquisitely sensitive to different oscillatory fluid flow conditions. We therefore aimed to characterize protein-mediated intercellular communication between mechanically-stimulated osteocytes and other bone cell populations in vitro to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of load-induced bone remodeling. To this end, we devised a novel nano-manipulation based fabrication method for manufacturing nano-FET biosensors with precisely controlled device parameters, and further investigated the effect of these parameters on sensor performance.

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