In this paper we intend to reveal media image of former president of Iraq, Saddam Hussein as it has been constructed for six months before the war in 2003 has started. Research material came from Newsweek International news magazine. Text was decyphered using semiotic methods set in the theoretical framework based on Marxism and some of its followers. We found the representation of a "dictator" an ideological narrative serving needs of dominant ideology.

<p>This dissertation deals with curriculum debates concerning science, mathematics and technology within the Swedish secondary schools between 1900 and 1965. The aim of the study is to analyze different conceptions of these school subjects. How were they looked upon and presented during the debates? What kind of values and functions were they said to promote? I also discuss more principal questions regarding why the school subjects became objects for debate. Why did different actors engage in these discussions? A leading perspective of the study is that schools and their curricula often are used as arenas for larger debates concerning the role of science and technology in society. One of the reasons for this, I argue, is that a curriculum often is seen as representing a standpoint in these broader societal discussions. In the study, this is shown through a number of different debates concerning, for example, the amount of hours devoted to science, student conducted experiments, eugenics and environmental aspects. All of these issues demonstrate how the shape of curriculum was seen as having wider significance for society. An important reason for this is the connection between curriculum and future perspectives. Situations where a curriculum was to be rewritten were apprehended as opportunities to influence and secure the future. </p><p>Much previous work on curriculum matters has been occupied with the question of what curriculum “does” in schools; it includes and excludes certain ideas, it regulates and governs students to understand and reason about themselves in specific ways. In relation to this, my own research deals with what curriculum – or rather <i>the image</i> of curriculum – does to other groups in society. Through analyzing the engagement of teachers, politicians, authors and editors, I conclude that a curriculum can threaten or promise future perspectives and values that are important to these groups. </p>

This dissertation deals with curriculum debates concerning science, mathematics and technology within the Swedish secondary schools between 1900 and 1965. The aim of the study is to analyze different conceptions of these school subjects. How were they looked upon and presented during the debates? What kind of values and functions were they said to promote? I also discuss more principal questions regarding why the school subjects became objects for debate. Why did different actors engage in these discussions? A leading perspective of the study is that schools and their curricula often are used as arenas for larger debates concerning the role of science and technology in society. One of the reasons for this, I argue, is that a curriculum often is seen as representing a standpoint in these broader societal discussions. In the study, this is shown through a number of different debates concerning, for example, the amount of hours devoted to science, student conducted experiments, eugenics and environmental aspects. All of these issues demonstrate how the shape of curriculum was seen as having wider significance for society. An important reason for this is the connection between curriculum and future perspectives. Situations where a curriculum was to be rewritten were apprehended as opportunities to influence and secure the future. Much previous work on curriculum matters has been occupied with the question of what curriculum “does” in schools; it includes and excludes certain ideas, it regulates and governs students to understand and reason about themselves in specific ways. In relation to this, my own research deals with what curriculum – or rather the image of curriculum – does to other groups in society. Through analyzing the engagement of teachers, politicians, authors and editors, I conclude that a curriculum can threaten or promise future perspectives and values that are important to these groups.

Durante los últimos años, ha existido una gran tendencia en la creación de videojuegos post apocalípticos. Esta tendencia existe, debido a que en estas narrativas se representan problemáticas sociales. Lo importante de estas historias, es que los jugadores tienen la capacidad de poder interactuar con un mundo ficcional a través de la interactividad y es a partir de este elemento que los videojuegos pueden persuadir a los usuarios, generando que estos puedan tener un pensamiento crítico. Tal es el caso, de Horizon Zero Dawn, el cual es un videojuego de acción, aventura y de tipo role playing game. Este juego introduce en sus elementos y estructura narrativa, ciertas representaciones de problemáticas sociales. Es por eso, que para evidenciar lo propuesto, se ha planteado realizar una metodología con un enfoque cualitativo, el cual permitirá recolectar información a través de momentos específicos de la historia del videojuego. Para esto, se ha establecido utilizar el instrumento de guía de análisis de contenido, el cual permitirá recaudar información a partir de cuatro criterios importantes: construcción de personajes, acciones de personajes, acontecimientos y contexto de la historia. / During the last few years, there has great trend towards the creation of post apocalyptic video games. This tendency exists, because of the way that these narratives present social problems. The important thing about these stories is that the players have the ability to interact with a fictional world through interactivity, and, becuase of this, video games can help users develop a critical thinking. Such is the case of Horizon Zero Dawn, which is an action, adventure and role play type video game. This game introduces in its elements and narrative structure certain representations of social problems. That is why, to demonstrate this, a methodology with a qualitative approach has been proposed, which will allow to collect information through specific moments in the history of the video game. For this, content analysis guide instrument will be used, which will collect information from four important criteria: construction of characters, actions of characters, events and context of the story. / Trabajo de investigación

Las series de drama médico estadounidenses se han convertido en un fenómeno social y cultural, logrando acumular un gran número de audiencias tanto locales como extranjeras. Aunque algunos estudios señalan que el rol de la televisión es puramente entretener; otros trabajos advierten que lo que se representa en estas series ha tenido un impacto en el imaginario de las personas sobre cómo son los médicos y su entorno. El presente trabajo aborda este fenómeno desde un enfoque lingüístico, ya que busca analizar la construcción del realismo y dramatismo a través del discurso médico en el doblaje de tres series contemporáneas Grey’s Anatomy, The Good Doctor y New Amsterdam. Para ello, se propone aplicar dos técnicas: el análisis de contenido y el análisis textual-contrastivo. El primero, permitirá describir la función de los diálogos dentro de las narrativas de las series, la construcción de los personajes y el escenario dramático. El segundo, servirá para describir las técnicas de traducción que se utilizaron en el doblaje, así como las normas de naturalización y las restricciones de sincronía. / American medical dramas have become a social and cultural phenomenon, attracting a large number of audiences both locally and abroad. Although some studies point out that the role of television is exclusively to entertain, other studies suggest that what is represented in these programs has had an impact on people's perception of what doctors and their environment are. This paper addresses this phenomenon from a linguistic approach, as it seeks to analyze the construction of realism and drama through medical discourse in the dubbed version of three contemporary series Grey's Anatomy, The Good Doctor and New Amsterdam. For this purpose, two techniques will be applied: content analysis and contrastive-textual analysis. The first technique will describe the function of the dialogues within the narratives of the series, the construction of the characters and the dramatic scenario. The second technique will serve to describe the translation techniques used in the dubbing, as well as the naturalization rules and the synchronization. / Trabajo de investigación

El cine peruano está creciendo y con el crece el arte visual. La dirección de arte es una representación visual con mucho valor para la narrativa de una película. Es por eso que en este trabajo de investigación busco ver como los elementos de la dirección de arte, tal como; la paleta de color, el vestuario, la utilería, la escenografía y locaciones, ayudan al aporte narrativo de una película. Las películas ha analizar será la trilogía de Asu Mare, siendo de las películas más taquilleras en el Perú pero, al mismo tiempo, también siendo una película duramente criticada por falta de valor visual. Se podrá ver como los distintos elementos de la dirección de arte demuestran de manera sutil los sentimientos en lo que el personaje principal Cachin se encuentra en determinadas situaciones. Tambien ayudaran a demostrar el tiempo narrativo durante las películas. Ayudaran a notar las diferencias entre sectores socioeconómicos en la capital, Lima. Busco demostrar el valor narrativo de la dirección de arte a través de ejemplos exitosos en el cine peruano. / The contribution of production design elements on the visual narrative of the trilogy of Asu Mare. Peruvian film industry is increasing and so is the visual arts in it. Production design is a visual representation with a lot of value on the narrative of a movie. That’s why on this investigation I’ll try to show how production design element such as, colour pallet, wardrobe, props, stage design and location, help on the narrative side of a movie. The movies that are going to be analyse are going to be the 3 movies form the trilogy of Asu Mare, being part of the most viewed movies in Peru but also being criticized hardly because of lack of visual value. You could see how the elements inside the production design shows in a subtle way how the principal character is feeling in certain situations. It will also help to demonstrate the narrative time during the movies. Also it will show the difference on the socioeconomic groups of the capital, Lima. I help to demonstrate de narrative value of production design through successful examples on Peruvian films. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad, el cine peruano ha experimentado un crecimiento significativo y las películas de comedia son las que más acogida han tenido en el público, ya que utilizan un tono burlesco para expresar conceptos complejos de la sociedad. No obstante, si bien constituyen formas de mostrar irónicamente sucesos diversos de la vida social, muchas veces pueden convertirse en medios para reproducir representaciones estereotípicas que se habitúan en las interacciones sociales. En esa lógica, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar y conocer los estereotipos de género y clase con los que se representa, específicamente, a las mujeres de la “clase alta” en las películas peruanas. Para ello, tomaremos como caso de estudio tres películas contemporáneas del género comedia: “Asu Mare”, “Intercambiadas” y “No Me Digas Solterona”. Para poder llevar a cabo el estudio, se propone utilizar una metodología cualitativa, enfocada particularmente en el análisis de contenido fílmico. Luego de la aplicación futura de esta técnica de investigación, se espera conocer si estas representaciones, efectivamente, reflejan a la mujer del NSE A/B de Lima. / Nowadays, Peruvian cinema has experienced significant growth and comedy films are the ones that have had the mostly watched by the public, since they use a burlesque tone to express complex concepts of society. However, although they are ways of ironically showing various events in social life, often they can become a form of reproducing stereotypical representations that become habituated in social interactions. Under this logic, the main objective of this work is to analyze and understand the gender and class stereotypes with which women of the “upper class” are represented, specifically, in Peruvian films. We will take as a case study three contemporary films of the comedy genre: "Asu Mare", "Intercambiadas" and "No Me Digas Solterona". In order to carry out the study, it is proposed to use a qualitative methodology, particularly focused on the analysis of film content. After the future application of this research technique, it is expected to know if these representations, indeed, reflect the woman with the highest GDP of Lima. / Trabajo de investigación

The representation of national identity in museums of the 21st century´s diverse and multicultural societies is a challenging task. It is a task that involves questions of narrative and heritage inclusivity as well as questions of power and ideology. This thesis includes an investigation of the representation of the Turkish national identity in two state owned museums, one private museum and two contested heritage sites in Istanbul. Both contested sites were legally transformed from museums to mosques in 2020. The investigation also involves questions of power and legitimacy in the Turkish heritage sector in the past decade. Qualitative methods including observations, grounded theory initial coding, exhibition spatial syntax analysis and objects´ value analysis are used in the research. The analysis results revealed a fragmentation in the Turkish national identity representation and in the power structure of the Turkish heritage sector where different key actors are involved in national identity production and representation. The History narrative represented is linear and fragmented where each selected museum presents a different historical period with an emphasis on the multicultural nature of the region historically. Ideology and the heritage policy analysis has revealed that the Turkish heritage sector is heading towards an Ottoman based ideology instead of the secular Kemalism ideology that had built the modern Turkish national identity since the establishment of the republic in 1923.  The results show that the challenge of representing inclusive and sustainable heritage and national identities in multicultural societies is complex. However, to achieve that, museums and heritage sectors would have to adopt policies of recognition and civil society involvement. The state would have to take an architect role by funding the museum and heritage sector without interfering in museum´s function. This is a two years master’s thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies. / Representationen av nationella identiteter i museerna av 2000-talets mångkulturella samhälle är en utmanande uppgift. En uppgift som involverar frågor om integration, nationellt kulturarv och narrative inkludering samt frågor om makt och ideologi. Denna uppsats omfattar en undersökning av den turkiska nationella identitetsrepresentationen i två statliga museer och ett privat museum samt två omtvistade kulturarv i Istanbul. De två omtvistade platserna omvandlandes från museer till moskéer år 2020. Undersökningen omfattar också frågor om makt och legitimitet inom den turkiska kulturarvssektorn med fokus på det senaste decenniet. Kvalitativa metoder inklusive observationer, grundad teorins kodning, rumslig syntaxanalys och objekts analys används i forskningen. Analysresultaten avslöjade fragmenteringen av den turkiska nationella identitetsrepresentationen och maktstrukturen i den turkiska kulturarvssektorn där olika nyckelaktörer är involverade i representationen och produktionen av det turkiska nationella identitet. Det historienarrative som är representerat är linjärt och fragmenterad där varje utvalt museum presenterar en specifik historisk period med fokus på regionens mångkulturella historia. Ideologi och kulturarvspolitikanalysen har avslöjat att den turkiska kulturarvssektorn är på väg mot en ottomansk baserad ideologi i stället för den sekulära Kemalism-ideologin som byggde den moderna turkiska nationella identiteten sedan republiken grundades år 1923. Resultaten visar att utmaningen att representera inkluderande och hållbara kulturarv och nationella identiteter i multikulturella samhällen är komplex. För att uppnå detta måste emellertid museer och kulturarvssektorer överväga erkännandepolitik samt civilsamhällets-engagemangspolitik och staten måste ta en arkitektroll genom att finansiera museets och kulturarvssektorn med ett armslängdavstånd. Detta är ett tvåårigt examensarbete i Musei- och kulturarvsvetenskap.