Apresenta uma reflexão a respeito das representações sociais e sua importância na construção das memórias virtuais da cidade a partir das informações publicadas por usuários em um aplicativo de celular. Estudo realizado no âmbito do projeto de pesquisa Porto Alegre Imaginada e articula conceitos como informação, representações sociais e memória virtual, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica interdisciplinar. Defende o estudo da cidade a partir das representações que os cidadãos possuem sobre ela, amparadas em suas experiências com o ambiente urbano. Enfatiza o estudo das representações sociais a partir das informações produzidas pelos cidadãos, pois elas são amparadas na memória e marcadas pela subjetividade dos indivíduos. Objetiva compreender como informações produzidas pelos cidadãos no aplicativo Foursquare auxiliam na constituição das representações sobre Porto Alegre e na dinamização das suas memórias. Afirma que, ao produzirem e compartilharem informações sobre a cidade, os cidadãos atuam como narradores do ambiente urbano Analisa as dicas publicadas pelos cidadãos no aplicativo nas páginas de Porto Alegre e do Bom Fim, Centro Histórico, Cidade Baixa, Menino Deus e Moinhos de Vento, que são bairros citados pelos usuários na página da cidade. Pesquisa qualitativa que utiliza a narratologia como método para analisar os temas, os cenários, as personagens, os enredos e as sequências cronológicas que compõem as histórias narradas pelos cidadãos no aplicativo. Constrói mapas para localizar os lugares dos cenários da cidade citados pelos cidadãos nas narrativas. As narrativas formadas pelas dicas dos cidadãos representam uma cidade múltipla e envolta por tensões, embora a memória virtual seja selecionada e enquadrada de acordo com as concepções de cada sujeito. Conclui que o aplicativo dinamiza a memória social e a construção de um imaginário sobre a apropriação do espaço vivido. / It presents a reflection about the social representations and their importance in the construction of the virtual memories of the city from the information published by users in a mobile app. This study was carried out within the scope of the Porto Alegre Imaginada research project and which articulates concepts such as information, social representations and virtual memory, from an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective. It defends the study of the city from the representations that the citizens have on her, supported in their experiences with the urban environment. Emphasizes the study of social representations based on the information produced by citizens, because they are supported in memory and marked by the subjectivity of individuals. It aims to understand how information produced by citizens in the Foursquare app helps in the constitution of representations about Porto Alegre and the dynamization of their memories Afirms that in producing and sharing information about the city, citizens act as narrators of the urban environment. Analyzes the tips published by citizens in the app in the pages of Porto Alegre and Bom Fim, Centro Histórico, Cidade Baixa, Menino Deus and Moinhos de Vento, which are neighborhoods mentioned by users on the city page. Qualitative research that uses narratology as a method to analyze the themes, scenarios, characters, scenarios and chronological sequences that make up the stories narrated by the citizens in the app. Constructs maps to locate the places of the city's scenarios cited by the citizens in the narratives. The narratives formed by the tips of the citizens represent a multiple city and surrounded by tensions, although the virtual memory is selected and framed according to the conceptions of each subject. Concludes that the app dynamizes the social memory and the construction of an imaginary about an appropriation of the lived space.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont le livre de Jérémie (Jr) insère des oracles dans un récit ; pour cela, elle analyse les oracles destinés à cinq personnages secondaires en les resituant dans leur contexte narratif. Alors que les études diachroniques, majoritaires au xxe siècle, se révèlent insuffisantes pour rendre compte du sens de Jr dans son état final, cette recherche se situe dans le cadre des analyses synchroniques de ce livre, développées depuis quelques décennies. Avant d’aborder l’analyse proprement dite, deux préalables sont nécessaires, où se rencontrent théorie narrative, syntaxe hébraïque, et spécificités de Jr : l’étude des caractéristiques et des rapports entre la forme de la narration et celle du discours rapporté ; l’étude des différents types de personnages apparus au long de l’histoire de la littérature et des catégories adaptées à l’analyse de ceux de Jr. Sont alors étudiés les oracles destinés à Pashehour fils d’Immer, Eved-Mélek, Baruch, Guedalias, et Sédécias. L’effet-personnage manifeste rapidement sa limitation, et appelle à chercher ailleurs que dans la fable des réponses aux énigmesposées par la mise en récit. La découverte d’échos et résonances verbales entre des oracles précédents et la mise en récit des personnages permet de reconstruire la causalité des jugements divins exprimés dans les oracles. Ce résultat exégétique rencontre la catégorie théologique de la révélation, remettant en cause les paradigmes sur lesquels elle s’est construite tant aux débuts du christianisme qu’à Vatican ii. L’interprétation théologique des capacités acquises par le lecteur offre alors une nouvelle assise pour penser la révélation de la paternité de Dieu / This thesis is interested in how oracles are inserted in a narration in the book of Jeremiah (Jr) ; for this purpose the oracles destined to five secondary characters are analyzed by reframing them into their narrative context. Since the diachronic studies, which were the majority in the xxth century, cannot account for the meaning of the final stage of the text of Jr in a satisfying manner, this research takes part to the synchronic way of analyzing this book developed in the last decades. Before the intended analysis, two preambles must be studied, at the crossing of narrative theory, Hebrew syntax, and specificities of Jr : the characteristics and relations of the literary forms of narration and reported speech ; the different types of characters along the history of literature and the best-fitted categories for analyzing Jr’s characters. Then are studied the oracles intended for Pashhur son of Immer, Ebed-Melech, Baruch, Gedaliah, and Zedekiah. The « character-effect » soon appears to be quite limited, calling for a solution situated out of the fabula to the puzzle created by the narration. The causality for the divine judgments expressed in the oracles can be reconstructed thanks to the discovery of verbal echoes and resonances between preceding oracles and the narrativization of characters. This exegetical result intersects with the theology of revelation and challenges the paradigms upon which it was built both at the beginning of Christianism and at Vatican ii. The thinking of the revelation of the paternity of God can be founded anew upon a theological interpretation of the reader’s new capacities

The aim of this research entitled Narrative Strategies in Selected Amharic Novels from 2000 until 2010 was to shed light on the relationship among form, meaning (content) and social milieuin establishing the textual and contextual features of fictional narratives. It mainly contends that it is possible to unravel the textual and contextual qualities of fictional narratives by studying form as a narrative strategy. In this research, form, when understood as a narrative strategy, is not only considered as a textual construct which motivates textual meaning but also regarded as a product of the social milieu from which the text emerges. Having this conception, form as a narrative strategy is investigated in selected Amharic novels published from 2000 until 2010 in view of expounding the artistic and thematic features of contemporary Amharic novels, endeavouring to fill the knowledge gap in Amharic literary scholarship about their literary features. The present research applies narratological approaches that range from classical to post-classical narratology. However, it dominantly uses post-classical conceptions of narratology as guidelines for its discussion. The dissertation comprises six chapters. The first one is an introductory chapter in which the research problems, goals and assumptions are explicated. Chapter two deals with the theoretical framework where the theoretical insight the research utilizes as a guideline is outlined and methodological issues are specified. The following three chapters focus on the analysis. In the third chapter, story is investigated as a narrative strategy in Yeburqa Zemeta (Burka’s Silence) (2000); in the fourth one, focalization is treated as a narrative strategy in Gerač.a Qač.eloč (Grey Bells) (2005), and in the fifth chapter, characterization is studied as a narrative strategy in Dèrtogada (Dertogada) (2010). The dissertation concludes with a chapter in which independent findings in the three analysis chapters are summed up and generalizations on the textual and contextual features of the present day Amharic novels are made. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / D. Litt. et Phil. (Theory of Literature)

Truman Capote, autor, roteirista e dramaturgo Americano, foi um dos principais escritores americanos de ficção do período pós-guerra, conhecido por receber ampla notoriedade pelo seu romance best-seller In Cold Blood, de 1965, por um estilo de escrita que misturava literatura e jornalismo. No entanto, o trabalho de Capote se estende além do romance antes mencionado. O autor, que se tornaria famoso por sua personalidade também, revelou grande talento como escritor desde muito jovem, trabalhando com temas muito relacionados à sua vida pessoal. Durante minhas leituras de seus trabalhos, eu pude perceber que o narrador que Capote criava trazia o leitor muito mais próximo à história. O propósito da minha dissertação é fazer uma análise do narrador de Capote para poder discutir suas técnicas específicas. Para tal, escolhi trabalhar com a teoria da narratologia, que não apenas é o estudo da narrativa e da estrutura de um texto, mas também sobre como ele afeta nossas percepções como leitores. Através de uma análise de aspectos como focalização e discurso do narrador, minha intenção foi traçar uma relação entre o narrador de Capote com seu autor implícito para poder entender como isso afeta nossa experiência de leitura e seu relacionamento com o leitor. Para essa análise, eu escolhi o primeiro romance publicado de Capote, Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948), porque acredito que conta uma história que pareceu surgir de emoções altamente reprimidas do autor sobre sua infância e crescimento. Além disso, tentarei identificar onde elementos biográficos podem ter inspirado alguns dos eventos presentes na história, na tentativa de estabelecer uma conexão com os eventos de sua vida real e o quanto elas interferiam em sua ficção. teoria que em destaque nesse trabalho são os trabalhos da autora Mieke Bal (2009) e de Herman & Vervaeck (2005), para poder trazer os termos que ajudam a continuar com a discussão. Ao fim desta análise, espero mostrar o que há por baixo de um narrador cuidadosamente construído, e que o leitor seja capaz de perceber Truman Capote por mais do que sua famosa personalidade, mas também como um escritor cuidadoso e focado que era apaixonado por sua arte. / American novelist, screenwriter and playwright Truman Capote was one of the leading American authors of fiction of the post-war period, known for receiving wide notoriety for his 1965 best seller In Cold Blood, for a style of writing that mixed literature and journalism. However, Capote’s works extend beyond the aforementioned novel. The author, who would eventually become famous for his personality as well, revealed great talent as a writer since a very young age, working with themes closely related to his personal life. During my readings of his works, I was able to perceive that the narrator Capote creates brings the reader much closer to the story. The purpose of this thesis is to carry out an analysis of Capote’s narrator in order to discuss his particular techniques. In order to do that, I chose to work with the theory of narratology, which is not only the study of narrative and the narrative structure of a text, but also of how it affects our perceptions as readers. Through an analysis of aspects such as focalization and the narrator’s discourse, my intention was to trace a relation between the narrator with Capote’s implied author in order to understand how this affects the reading experience and the relationship with the reader. For this analysis, I chose Capote’s first published novel, Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948), because I believe that it tells a story that seem to come from the highly suppressed emotions of the author about his childhood and growing up. I will also attempt to identify where biographical elements might have inspired some of the events that appear in the story, attempting to establish connection to the events of his real life and how much it interfered in his fiction. As to the theory that underlines this work, I chose the works of Mieke Bal (2009) and Herman & Vervaeck (2005), in order to bring light to terms that help further the discussion. By the end of this analysis, I hope to show what lies beneath a carefully constructed narrator, and that the reader will be able to perceive Truman Capote for more than his famous personality, but also as a careful and focused writer that was passionate about his craft.

Truman Capote, autor, roteirista e dramaturgo Americano, foi um dos principais escritores americanos de ficção do período pós-guerra, conhecido por receber ampla notoriedade pelo seu romance best-seller In Cold Blood, de 1965, por um estilo de escrita que misturava literatura e jornalismo. No entanto, o trabalho de Capote se estende além do romance antes mencionado. O autor, que se tornaria famoso por sua personalidade também, revelou grande talento como escritor desde muito jovem, trabalhando com temas muito relacionados à sua vida pessoal. Durante minhas leituras de seus trabalhos, eu pude perceber que o narrador que Capote criava trazia o leitor muito mais próximo à história. O propósito da minha dissertação é fazer uma análise do narrador de Capote para poder discutir suas técnicas específicas. Para tal, escolhi trabalhar com a teoria da narratologia, que não apenas é o estudo da narrativa e da estrutura de um texto, mas também sobre como ele afeta nossas percepções como leitores. Através de uma análise de aspectos como focalização e discurso do narrador, minha intenção foi traçar uma relação entre o narrador de Capote com seu autor implícito para poder entender como isso afeta nossa experiência de leitura e seu relacionamento com o leitor. Para essa análise, eu escolhi o primeiro romance publicado de Capote, Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948), porque acredito que conta uma história que pareceu surgir de emoções altamente reprimidas do autor sobre sua infância e crescimento. Além disso, tentarei identificar onde elementos biográficos podem ter inspirado alguns dos eventos presentes na história, na tentativa de estabelecer uma conexão com os eventos de sua vida real e o quanto elas interferiam em sua ficção. teoria que em destaque nesse trabalho são os trabalhos da autora Mieke Bal (2009) e de Herman & Vervaeck (2005), para poder trazer os termos que ajudam a continuar com a discussão. Ao fim desta análise, espero mostrar o que há por baixo de um narrador cuidadosamente construído, e que o leitor seja capaz de perceber Truman Capote por mais do que sua famosa personalidade, mas também como um escritor cuidadoso e focado que era apaixonado por sua arte. / American novelist, screenwriter and playwright Truman Capote was one of the leading American authors of fiction of the post-war period, known for receiving wide notoriety for his 1965 best seller In Cold Blood, for a style of writing that mixed literature and journalism. However, Capote’s works extend beyond the aforementioned novel. The author, who would eventually become famous for his personality as well, revealed great talent as a writer since a very young age, working with themes closely related to his personal life. During my readings of his works, I was able to perceive that the narrator Capote creates brings the reader much closer to the story. The purpose of this thesis is to carry out an analysis of Capote’s narrator in order to discuss his particular techniques. In order to do that, I chose to work with the theory of narratology, which is not only the study of narrative and the narrative structure of a text, but also of how it affects our perceptions as readers. Through an analysis of aspects such as focalization and the narrator’s discourse, my intention was to trace a relation between the narrator with Capote’s implied author in order to understand how this affects the reading experience and the relationship with the reader. For this analysis, I chose Capote’s first published novel, Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948), because I believe that it tells a story that seem to come from the highly suppressed emotions of the author about his childhood and growing up. I will also attempt to identify where biographical elements might have inspired some of the events that appear in the story, attempting to establish connection to the events of his real life and how much it interfered in his fiction. As to the theory that underlines this work, I chose the works of Mieke Bal (2009) and Herman & Vervaeck (2005), in order to bring light to terms that help further the discussion. By the end of this analysis, I hope to show what lies beneath a carefully constructed narrator, and that the reader will be able to perceive Truman Capote for more than his famous personality, but also as a careful and focused writer that was passionate about his craft.

Apresenta uma reflexão a respeito das representações sociais e sua importância na construção das memórias virtuais da cidade a partir das informações publicadas por usuários em um aplicativo de celular. Estudo realizado no âmbito do projeto de pesquisa Porto Alegre Imaginada e articula conceitos como informação, representações sociais e memória virtual, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica interdisciplinar. Defende o estudo da cidade a partir das representações que os cidadãos possuem sobre ela, amparadas em suas experiências com o ambiente urbano. Enfatiza o estudo das representações sociais a partir das informações produzidas pelos cidadãos, pois elas são amparadas na memória e marcadas pela subjetividade dos indivíduos. Objetiva compreender como informações produzidas pelos cidadãos no aplicativo Foursquare auxiliam na constituição das representações sobre Porto Alegre e na dinamização das suas memórias. Afirma que, ao produzirem e compartilharem informações sobre a cidade, os cidadãos atuam como narradores do ambiente urbano Analisa as dicas publicadas pelos cidadãos no aplicativo nas páginas de Porto Alegre e do Bom Fim, Centro Histórico, Cidade Baixa, Menino Deus e Moinhos de Vento, que são bairros citados pelos usuários na página da cidade. Pesquisa qualitativa que utiliza a narratologia como método para analisar os temas, os cenários, as personagens, os enredos e as sequências cronológicas que compõem as histórias narradas pelos cidadãos no aplicativo. Constrói mapas para localizar os lugares dos cenários da cidade citados pelos cidadãos nas narrativas. As narrativas formadas pelas dicas dos cidadãos representam uma cidade múltipla e envolta por tensões, embora a memória virtual seja selecionada e enquadrada de acordo com as concepções de cada sujeito. Conclui que o aplicativo dinamiza a memória social e a construção de um imaginário sobre a apropriação do espaço vivido. / It presents a reflection about the social representations and their importance in the construction of the virtual memories of the city from the information published by users in a mobile app. This study was carried out within the scope of the Porto Alegre Imaginada research project and which articulates concepts such as information, social representations and virtual memory, from an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective. It defends the study of the city from the representations that the citizens have on her, supported in their experiences with the urban environment. Emphasizes the study of social representations based on the information produced by citizens, because they are supported in memory and marked by the subjectivity of individuals. It aims to understand how information produced by citizens in the Foursquare app helps in the constitution of representations about Porto Alegre and the dynamization of their memories Afirms that in producing and sharing information about the city, citizens act as narrators of the urban environment. Analyzes the tips published by citizens in the app in the pages of Porto Alegre and Bom Fim, Centro Histórico, Cidade Baixa, Menino Deus and Moinhos de Vento, which are neighborhoods mentioned by users on the city page. Qualitative research that uses narratology as a method to analyze the themes, scenarios, characters, scenarios and chronological sequences that make up the stories narrated by the citizens in the app. Constructs maps to locate the places of the city's scenarios cited by the citizens in the narratives. The narratives formed by the tips of the citizens represent a multiple city and surrounded by tensions, although the virtual memory is selected and framed according to the conceptions of each subject. Concludes that the app dynamizes the social memory and the construction of an imaginary about an appropriation of the lived space.

abstract: The stories that we tell matter. Public storytelling influences how we think about ourselves and how we treat others. This project explores how Arizona's Support our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (SB 1070) affected the development of social identities such as citizen, immigrant (documented and undocumented), and public administrator through public storytelling. The question of how a public policy shapes identity development is relatively under-explored in the literature. Critical aspects of feminist and political theory demonstrate that identity is affected by discourses, such as performatives and accounts of oneself. A public policy authorizes public administrators to issue or demand discourses, such as performatives and accounts of oneself, from the individuals they encounter. Moreover, the text of a public policy resembles an account of oneself, delivered on behalf of a fabricated subject. In this project, the structural elements and storytelling techniques of SB 1070 are drawn out through tools derived from the field of narratology. When applied to the text of SB 1070, narratological tools reveal four major organizing principles or plots, all of which center on the identification and punishment of four types of individuals or organizations: (a) employers of undocumented immigrants; (b) transporters/shielders of undocumented immigrants; (c) undocumented immigrants; (d) state and local government agencies or officials that do not fully implement federal immigration law. An analysis of 321 news stories published after SB 1070's passage reveals that some plots resonated more than others with storytellers. The storytelling about SB 1070 also makes visible the policy's power as a discourse to unsettle the identities of citizens, immigrants (documented and undocumented), and public administrators. It also raises concerns about who bears the responsibility for the impact of policies like SB 1070, which have been passed but not implemented, and yet have a tangible impact on the lives of citizens and other residents. These findings suggest that not only can public policy unsettle social identities, but proposes complicated questions about who is responsible for the harm inflicted on others when a public policy is passed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2014

The aim of the present essay has been to study how narration and focalisation generate the reader’s state of uncertainty in ”The Shadow over Innsmouth” by H. P. Lovecraft. It has been accomplished with the aid of Yvonne Leffler’s narratological analysis on horror fiction and, to some extent, Mieke Bal’s narratological theories. A pedagogical reflection has been provided before the analysis as to demonstrate how to teach narration and focalisation with the help of horror fiction. The analysis has four sections. The first section demonstrates how the narrative strategies used by Lovecraft in the narrative progression affects the reader’s state of uncertainty by making it difficult for the reader to solve the horror mystery. The second section shows how the narrator’s insecurities in his abilities and use of language affect the reader’s state of uncertainty as well as his or her interpretation of events. The third section illustrates how the narrator’s subjective and coloured perception generates the reader’s state of ambiguity by challenging the reader’s interpretation of events in relation to what is true or false. The final section demonstrates the problems of vision – “seeing too little”, “seeing too much” and “being seen” – complicate the reader’s interpretation of events.

At the heart of present literacy, and narrative, learning paradigms are the "literate behaviours" usually associated with aspects of learning to encode and decode print. These paradigms have been criticized for placing written and verbal language in a privileged position. Furthermore, whilst an increasing number of theorists and educators are asking for the inclusion of multimodal approaches to learning narrative, current curricula, and the research that informs it, continue to be founded on "verbocentric" approaches and linear forms of narrative expression. Through the development and evaluation of a curricular approach to narrative learning for 7-8 year-olds based on the visual arts, this study aims to ascertain whether there is a need for broader conceptions of narrative as well as for complementary modes of narrative composition than those currently being used in primary schools. Documentation in the form of the children‘s painted narratives and transcripts of the children's oral accounts of their narratives was the major component of data collection. Individual and small group interviews and participant observation were supplementary sources to assist in the interpretation of the narrative paintings the children composed. The children‘s narratives were analysed using a narratological semiotic model, which divides narrative into 'discourse' and 'story' and distinguishes between the 'content' and 'form' of each of these elements.

The aim of analyzing Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is to study the symbolic undertones of each work from a Jungian psychoanalytical perspective. My thesis revolves around the archetypical story of man versus himself, that is to say, man versus psyche: his own demons personified as a reflection of nature and therefore the environment. The bulk of the analysis is described using narratological tools. By doing a close reading report I compare how the inner processes of the two novels’ protagonists are presented, in both imagery and style, using Aristoteles’ terminology in accordance with Gerald Prince’s definitions. The Jungian model and the concept of the shadow archetype is put into play in correspondence with Aristotelian terms such as anagnorisis and catharsis, where the chosen point of view (or focalization) is also discussed in its relationship to the psyche, characters and setting. The analysis leads me to conclude that the discussed archetypical themes found in the novels are used to portray an essential part of human existence. A recognizable pattern arises once we delve into and reflect upon the encounter with the unknown darkness (or shadow) that eventually leads to a newfound wisdom (catharsis).