The notions of risk, resilience, and acculturation were examined among a group of First Nations adolescents from a community in Northern Quebec. These adolescents are at high-risk for emotional and behavioural problems due to both their minority status and the remoteness of their locale. Accordingly, the research on risk and resilience in innercity youths was adapted to study this unique group of First Nations youths. The aims of the study were relevant to issues of adolescent wellness. The first aim was to identify the factors that help protect against the maladaptive outcomes associated with minority group status and living in a remote area. The protective factors included intelligence, ego development, and attachment. The second aim was to examine subtypes of acculturation and the differences between acculturation subtypes among these youths. The acculturation strategy of integration was expected to result in the best adaptation whereas that of marginalization was expected to lead to difficulties across the domains of social competence. The third aim was to examine competence over time, as problems in one domain tend to be related to later problems in other domains. A series of paper and pencil questionnaires were completed in classroom settings by 67 adolescents aged 11 to 19 years and their teachers. Specific patterns of resilience across domains of functioning were found. High levels of intelligence protected against diminished school performance but not against depressive symptomatology. Strong attachment relationships protected against depression and poor school performance. Acculturative strategy also protected against negative outcomes despite high stress living situation. However, positive outcome was not uniform across all domains of social competence, which is consistent with the notion of domain specificity of resilience. Not one individual who participated in this study, despite the benefit of protective factors, showed high levels of social competence across all domains. This argues for the inherent risk of living in a high stress neighbourhood. The information is relevant to furthering our understanding of First Nations youths and their families, and advances the literatures on risk and resilience in its application to a relatively unique community.

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Ce mémoire a pour objectif de comprendre les répercussions engendrées par la désindustrialisation pour les sociétés nordiques, en s’intéressant au cas de précis de Schefferville. Tout au long des années 1970 et 1980, les différentes crises économiques menacent la survie de plusieurs établissements urbains du Nord québécois s’étant développés après la seconde guerre mondiale pour l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. S’inscrivant dans cette vague de désindustrialisation, la fermeture de la compagnie minière Iron Ore du Canada (IOC) à Schefferville en 1982 laisse place à une période d’incertitude concernant l’avenir de la Ville, qui se maintiendra pendant près d’une décennie. Cette étude se concentre sur l’analyse des transformations du territoire urbain qui surviennent à la suite du départ de la minière. Puisque le territoire relie les communautés de Schefferville entre elles, son étude permet de montrer comment sa transformation, entrainée par la désindustrialisation, façonne également des liens importants entre les communautés. L’étude de cet aspect précis permet de saisir l’adaptation des communautés autochtones et allochtones de Schefferville à la nouvelle réalité de leur localité, en plus d’exposer la différence qu’occupe la minière dans la construction du rapport au territoire de chacune des communautés. On cherche à comprendre comment le territoire naturel et bâti est administré et réaménagé par ces communautés avec le départ de l’IOC, qui depuis près de 30 ans dirigeait l’organisation du territoire. Il ressort de cette étude que la communauté innue de Matimekush, qui fut laissée en marge par les acteurs municipaux et industriels lors de la période précédente, gagne une importance démographique, économique et sociale dans la ville à partir de 1983. De ce fait, l’existence de la Ville devient de plus en plus liée aux revendications des communautés autochtones et l’on voit une nouvelle forme de relations s’établir entre les conseils de bande et l’hôtel de ville. / This thesis aims to understand the repercussions of deindustrialization on Nordic societies, focusing on the specific case of Schefferville. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, various economic crises threatened the survival of several urban establishments in northern Quebec that had developed after World War II for the exploitation of natural resources. Within this wave of deindustrialization, the closure of the Iron Ore Company of Canada (IOC) in Schefferville in 1982 led to a period of uncertainty regarding the future of the town, which persisted for nearly a decade. This study focuses on analyzing the transformations of urban territory that occur following the departure of the mining company. Since the territory connects the communities of Schefferville, its study demonstrates how its transformation, driven by deindustrialization, also shapes significant connections between the communities. Examining this specific aspect allows us to understand the adaptation of both Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities of Schefferville to the new reality of their locality, as well as to expose the difference that the mining company holds in shaping the relationship to the territory of each community.We seek to understand how the natural and built environment is administered and redeveloped by these communities with the departure of the IOC, which had been directing territorial organization for nearly 30 years. This study reveals that the Innu community of Matimekush, previously marginalized by municipal and industrial actors in the preceding period, gained demographic, economic, and social importance in the town starting from 1983. As a result, the existence of the town becomes increasingly linked to the demands of Indigenous communities, and a new form of relationship emerges between band councils and the city hall.

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