Thesis (M.A.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

A study was carried out in Canela, RS, including the application of instruments which evaluated the characteristics of the receiving region, the tourist profile, Canela s National Forest evaluation by the tourists the area around the FLONA and the National Forest area itself, with the objectives of evaluating the social function of this Unit of Conservation and its use a subsidy to ecotourism and environmental education. The methodology was based on the evaluation of 14 instruments, applied in eight phases of data collection. The results confirmed the vocation of Canela for tourism, based on its hotel infrastructure, food and drink, as well as furniture, chocolate and handcraft industries. The high season tourists (July and December) possess higher socio economic and cultural standards of living than the low season tourists (October and February). The area around Canela s National Forest formed by the Ulisses de Abreu uptown presented a neighborhood population formed by employed heads of the family, resident in the houses wooden, with a young family nucleus, due to the numbers of children present. The tourist was considered attraction to be its good accesses and regular signaling. Canela National Forest was appointed as a protected area with touristic potential. The evaluation of the Forest landscape by the tourists, in four periods, through landscape substitutes, demonstrated distinct differences of perception formed by two groups, the first of women and male teenagers, between 15-20 years old, and the second group, formed by the other men. The analysis of the view of twenty-two sub-landscapes proved to be the same multiples with half-limited reach and perception of the landscape determined three factors in the landscape perception such as, the factor, of scenery including the water and the scenic background, the anthropic factor, constituted by human performances and the color and the vegetation factor. The Visitors Center of Canela s National Forest registered the presence of visitors who were, in the majority, students and professors, from the Rio Grande do Sul state. The Forest structure showed deficiencies in technical staff, in its infrastructure and in the Visitors Centre. The Veado Track located in the interior of the Forest presented an inferior number of attractions in relation to the initial proposal, and these were found to be lacking in signaling. In the visual quality of the elements present in the Veado Track were perceived partially defined lines, organic forms, medium texture degree a random order, with colors of little variation and few green tonalities. Based on the climatic data a load capacity for the track was proposed depending on the season of the year and the size of the groups. The analysis of the attractions of Veado Track of determined the possibility of its use in ecotourism and its application in inherent subjects of environmental education. / Um estudo foi realizado na cidade de Canela, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, incluindo a aplicação de instrumentos que avaliaram as características da região receptora, o perfil do turista, a Floresta Nacional de Canela pelos turistas, o entorno da FLONA e a própria Floresta Nacional, com os objetivos de avaliar a função social desta Unidade de Conservação e sua utilização como subsídio ao Ecoturismo e a projetos de Educação Ambiental. A metodologia baseia-se na avaliação de quatorze instrumentos aplicados em 8 fases de condução da coleta de dados. Os resultados confirmaram a vocação da cidade de Canela para o turismo, baseado na sua infraestrutura hoteleira, alimentos e bebidas, além da indústria moveleira, de chocolate e do artesanato. Os turistas da alta temporada (julho e dezembro) possuem nível socioeconômico e cultural mais elevado que os turistas da baixa temporada (outubro e fevereiro). O entorno da FLONA formado pelo Bairro Ulisses de Abreu apresentou uma população formada por chefes de família empregados, residentes em casas de madeira, com o núcleo familiar jovem, dado ao número de crianças presentes. O atrativo turístico foi considerado quanto aos seus acessos como bom e com sinalização regular. A FLONA foi apontada como uma área de proteção com Potencial Turístico. A avaliação da paisagem da FLONA, pelos turistas, em quatro épocas, através de substitutivos da paisagem, demonstrou preferências distintas de percepção formando dois grupos, sendo o primeiro de mulheres e jovens do sexo masculino entre 15 a 20 anos e o segundo grupo, formado pelos demais homens. A análise das vistas de vinte e duas sub-paisagens, revelou serem as mesmas múltiplas com alcance semi-limitado,e determinou três fatores na percepção das paisagem, como o fator panorâmico que inclui a água e fundo cênico, o fator antrópico, constituído pelas atuações humanas e a cor e o fator vegetação. O Centro de Visitantes da FLONA registrou a presença de visitantes, na maioria alunos e professores, oriundos do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A estrutura da FLONA apontou deficiências quanto ao quadro técnico, na sua infraestrutura e no Centro de Visitantes. A Trilha do Veado localizada no interior da FLONA, apresentou um número inferior de atrativos em relação à proposta inicial, bem como, indicou deficiência na sinalização dos mesmos. Quanto à qualidade visual dos elementos presentes na Trilha do Veado, foram percebidas linhas parcialmente definidas, formas orgânicas, grau de textura média e de ordenamento aleatório, com cores de pouca variação e com pouca variação nas tonalidades de verde. Baseado nos dados climáticos foi proposta uma capacidade de carga para a Trilha variável com as estações do ano e no número de integrantes dos grupos. A análise dos atrativos da Trilha do Veado determinou a possibilidade de uso em Ecoturismo e sua aplicação em temas inerentes a Educação Ambiental.

The importance of Brazilian landscapes and the destruction problem are already known. Despite, the worry expressed by the population with the landscapes destination is normally emotional and subjective. The manifestations over the gardening beauty don t help to elaborate and to choose management alternatives. More objective concepts are necessary. But, the world worry about valuable landscapes disappearance resulted in new techniques for the gardening resources development. In these techniques, principles well worked before are used in gardening and gardening architecture. For the first time, we are trying to quantify and compare the landscape variables. The National Forest of São Francisco de Paula (FLONA), belonging to Brazilian Government and under responsibility of Environment Brazilian Institute (IBAMA), is located in Rincão dos Kröeff district, São Francisco de Paula county, RS. It takes part from the micro-region Campos de Cima da Serra, in the border of Planalto, transition zone between Floresta Ombrófila Densa and Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Forest with Araucaria), one of the 11 (eleven) physiographic micro-region from Rio Grande do Sul state. FLONA is located between the geographic coordinates 29° 23 and 29° 28 of south latitude and 50° 23 and 50° 25 of west longitude, in Serra Gaúcha, north-east region from the state, at an average altitude of 930 m. The study had as objective to identify and quantify the physical environment and human activities characteristics that compose each visual unit; to interpret and value the vivacity measure from each visual element in its unit; to analyze the visual sequence of these dynamic effect of these units and plan the landscapes dynamic to ecotourism at FLONA. As sample unit, it was used a hexagon, with 200 m of ray, distributed in a hexagonal mesh, elaborated through Campeiro 1.0. Program. This mesh with 158 hexagons was overlapped over the land use card, building maps and land marks, insulation map and altimetric map, obtained from the visual interpretation and digitalization in screen image from Sensor Ikronos II, with multi-spectral composition and 4m. resolution, using IDRISI 32 Program. The hexagons were evaluated at laboratory and at the field, through 22 variables, with a scale from 1 to 5. The result generated a data matrix, used in SPSS Program, where Cluster and Discriminant analyzes were done to determine the hexagons groups to form landscapes. Through hexagons valuation the vivacity of each one was also determined. As result, 5 landscapes called Araucaria, native, hillside, transition and exotic were obtained. The native landscape showed 100% from its hexagons in a high level of vivacity, characterizing as the most pictorial from FLONA. Five scenic routs or roads were determined to ecotourism, scientific tourism or environment education use. It is possible to conclude that the variables which impacted the subjectivity and perception were the ones that most influenced due to valoration. The vivacity is located (gardening and scenic potential) in the valley of Rolante river region, basically concentrated in Native and hillside landscape and to visualize the pictorial elements, the visitors should visit the area from 11 a.m. to 1 p. m, using Route 5. / A importância das paisagens brasileiras e o problema de sua destruição já são reconhecidos. Apesar disso, a preocupação com o destino das paisagens é normalmente expressa pela população em termos emocionais e subjetivos. As manifestações sobre a beleza paisagística pouco ajudam na elaboração e escolha de alternativas de manejo. São necessários conceitos mais objetivos. Porém, a preocupação mundial com o desaparecimento das paisagens valiosas resultou no desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para o manejo objetivo dos recursos paisagísticos. Nos mesmos, utilizam-se princípios já largamente trabalhados nas áreas do paisagismo e arquitetura paisagística. Mas procura-se, pela primeira vez, quantificar e comparar objetivamente as variáveis de paisagens em grande escala. A Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de São Francisco de Paula, pertencente a União e sob responsabilidade do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente (IBAMA), está localizada no Distrito de Rincão dos Kröeff, município de São Francisco de Paula, RS. Faz parte da micro-região Campos de Cima da Serra, na borda do Planalto, zona de transição entre Floresta Ombrófila Densa e Floresta Ombrófila Mista (Floresta com Araucária), uma das 11 (onze) micro-regiões fisiográficas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A FLONA de São Francisco de Paula,RS, está localizada entre as coordenadas geográficas 29° 23 e 29° 28 de latitude sul e 50° 23 e 50° 25 de longitude oeste, na Serra Gaúcha, região Nordeste do Estado, a uma altitude média de 930 m. O trabalho teve como objetivos identificar e quantificar as características do meio físico e atividades humanas que compõem cada unidade visual; interpretar e valorar a medida de vivacidade de cada elemento visual em sua unidade; analisar o efeito dinâmico da seqüência visual destas unidades e planificar a dinâmica das paisagens para fins de ecoturismo na FLONA de São Francisco de Paula, RS. Foi utilizado como unidade amostral o hexágono, com raio de 200m., distribuídos na forma de uma malha hexagonal, elaborada pelo Programa Campeiro 1.0. Esta malha com 158 hexágonos, foi sobreposta sobre a carta de uso da terra, do mapa de construções e land marks, mapa de insolação e mapa altimétrico da FLONA de São Francisco de Paula,RS., obtidos a partir da interpretação visual e digitalização em tela de imagem proveniente do Sensor Ikonos II, com composição multiespectral e resolução de 4 m., empregando o Programa IDRISI 32. Os hexágonos foram avaliados tanto à nível de laboratório como à campo , através de 22 variáveis, com escala de valoração de 1 a 5. O resultado gerou uma matriz de dados, utilizada no Programa SPSS, onde se fez uso da Análise de Cluster e Discriminante para determinar os agrupamentos dos hexágonos para formar as paisagens. Através da valoração dos hexágonos também se determinou a vivacidade de cada um. Como resultado obteve-se cinco paisagens denominadas de Araucária, Nativa, de Encosta, de Transição e Exótica. A Paisagem Nativa apresentou 100% dos seus hexágonos na categoria de vivacidade muito alta, caracterizando-se como a mais pictórica da FLONA de São Francisco de Paula,RS. Determinou-se também cinco rotas ou estradas cênicas para fins de ecoturismo, turismo científico ou para fins de educação ambiental. Conclui-se que as variáveis que mais impactaram a subjetividade e percepção do observador foram aquelas que mais influenciaram em termos de valoração. A vivacidade está localizada em termos de potencial paisagístico e cênico na região do vale do rio Rolante, concentrando-se basicamente na Paisagem Nativa e de Encosta e que para visualização dos elementos pictóricos, os visitantes deverão percorrer a área no horário de 11 hs. até as 13 hs, utilizando a Rota 5.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2368.pdf: 1020310 bytes, checksum: 5f6b8e5bc2ff07ff0c5527b195504f8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Despite the importance of vascular epiphytes to depict the degree of local preservation, there is little research on this subject. The present research was performed in the National Forest of Ipanema (UTM 7.422.000 and 7.390.000 S; 216.000 and 248.000 W in the zone 23 south), located in the Munnicipality of Iperó, State of São Paulo, Brasil, and aimed to characterize the vascular epiphytic community, analyzing their vertical distribution and the correlation between different sites. Three sites were considered, the first in an open area, the second at the forest border and the third inside the forest. From each one 90 assorted trees with DBH ≥ 20 cm were sampled. The surveyed trees were divided into three tree strata: low trunk, high trunk, and canopy. Frequency and diversity parameters based on the occurrence of epiphytes in the strata and in the assorted trees were estimated. In the survey 21 species of 14 genera in five families were found. Two Bromeliaceae, Tillandsia recurvata and T. tricholepis, presented the highest importance values. The Shannon index of diversity was 2.272 (nats) for the whole epiphytic community. Holoepiphytes were the dominant type. High trunk was the most diverse stratum, followed by canopy and low trunk. The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the sites of open area and forest border, and between the sites of open area and inner forest, but there was no significant difference between the sites of forest border and inner forest. In the analysis of assorted trees, 38 tree species belonging to 37 genera and 20 families were identified; the index of Shannon for assorted trees was 2.835 (nats). The species that hosted the highest number of epiphytic species (11 species) and presented the largest absolute value (AV = 882) was Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae). The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between assorted tree species in the various sites and also showed no relationship between epiphytic species and assorted tree species. The data of this study highlight the importance of these abiotic factors in limiting the development of epiphytes, and specially the importance of disturbances of human origin in the differences in composition and distribution of the vascular epiphytic between sites. / Apesar da importância de epífitas vasculares em refletirem o grau de preservação local, existem poucas pesquisas sobre o tema. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema (UTM 7.422.000 e 7.390.000 S; 216.000 e 248.000 L na zona 23 sul), localizada no município de Iperó, SP, e teve por objetivo caracterizar a comunidade epifítica vascular, analisando sua distribuição vertical e a correlação entre diferentes sítios. Foram determinados três sítios, um em área aberta, um na borda e um no interior da floresta e, em cada sítio, foram amostrados 90 forófitos com DAP ≥ 20 cm. Os forófitos foram divididos em três estratos: fuste baixo, fuste alto e copa. Foram estimados os parâmetros de freqüência e diversidade com base na ocorrência das epífitas nos estratos e sobre os forófitos. No levantamento foram encontradas 21 espécies epifíticas, pertencentes a 14 gêneros e cinco famílias. Duas Bromeliaceae, Tillandsia tricholepis e Tillandsia recurvata, tiveram os maiores valores de importância. O índice de diversidade de Shannon foi 2,272 (nats) para toda a comunidade epifítica. Houve predominância dos holoepífitos característicos. O fuste alto destacou-se pela maior abundância, seguido pela copa e pelo fuste baixo. A análise estatística evidenciou diferença significativa entre os sítios de área aberta e de borda, e entre os sítios de área aberta e interior, porém não houve variação significativa entre os sítios de borda e interior. Na análise dos forófitos foram identificadas 38 espécies arbóreas, pertencentes a 37 gêneros e a 20 famílias, o índice de Shannon para os forófitos foi de 2,835 (nats). A espécie que abrigou o maior número de espécies epifíticas (11 espécies) e apresentou o maior valor absoluto (VA = 882) foi Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae). A análise estatística não evidenciou diferença significativa entre as espécies forofíticas nos diferentes sítios e também não evidenciou relação entre espécies epifíticas e espécies forofiticas. Os dados deste trabalho destacam a importância dos fatores abióticos como limitantes ao desenvolvimento das epífitas e, de forma especial, a importância dos fatores de origem antrópica na composição e distribuição da comunidade epifítica vascular entre os sítios na área de estudo.

Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-14T20:42:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marinete Lourenço Mota.pdf: 2482577 bytes, checksum: a54f67d62bbe1d1231580464a8935bbc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-15T20:09:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marinete Lourenço Mota.pdf: 2482577 bytes, checksum: a54f67d62bbe1d1231580464a8935bbc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-15T20:18:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marinete Lourenço Mota.pdf: 2482577 bytes, checksum: a54f67d62bbe1d1231580464a8935bbc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T20:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marinete Lourenço Mota.pdf: 2482577 bytes, checksum: a54f67d62bbe1d1231580464a8935bbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Hunt is seen as an activity of killing or capture of animal life elements, practiced since the beginning of times where man already used animals in different ways as food, clothing, medicine or pet animals. In the Amazon forest this activity is practiced throughout its social formation being considered source of protein to sustenance of populations that survive in it. With the objective of investigate the strategies of hunt and relations between fauna and people that live in the community of Pini, in the National Forest of Tapajós, we characterized the areas of hunt recognized as stains by the local hunters, as were used photographic traps and semi-structured interviews to register the forest fauna to know what animals are consumed and in witch quantities by the local community members with the intent of cooperate with the consumption plan of the unit that is being studied by the federal university of Pará – UFPA, through the Amazon high studies nucleus – NAEA, institution that is searching conservation measures that guarantees the prudent and sustainable consumption of the available resources to that community. So there were identified three types of forests: firm, Capoeira and Igapó, and in all these locations there were (comidias) fruit trees. Through the photographic traps there were registered 10 species of animals, all mammals: armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), cutia (Dasyprocta agouti), deer (Mazama americana), irara (Eira barbara), mucura (Didelphis marsupialis) and to birds: mutum (Mitu mitu), red juriti (Geotrygon violaceae), gavião (Morphnus guianensis), inambu (Tinamus tao) e jacamim (Psophia creptans). Between hunts, the most registered were the one the hunter waits over a platform and the shotgun the most used. Fish was the most consumed food by the local residents, followed by hunt and among the registered animals between the semi-structured interviews, direct and indirect observations were registered 16 species of animals distributed in six orders and 25 families. Among all those animals, the armadillo, cutia and inambu were registered in all the techniques of sample and the most abundant mammals were paca, armadillo and cutia and to birds: mutum and inambu, and the most abundant reptile was the tortoise (Podocnemis expansa). The study revealed that even not having evidences about over exploitation of hunt, we can see that the hunted fauna is being found in more distant places, therefore, the exploration of hunt in this community can be as an economic alternative of production of low impact by the social and economic point of view, being able to exist of this animal resources among the local social participation and these villagers can demand from ICMBio measures that guarantee the autonomy of the community, since the participative plan and society involvement in planning suggests measures of evaluation and monitoring of hunt exploitation by the competent authorities and this will be of fundamental importance to the maintenance of the hunt activity to sustainable of this community off the national forest of Tapajós. / A caça é entendida como atividade de abate ou captura de elementos da vida animal, praticada desde os primórdios onde homem já utilizava esta fauna de diversas maneiras como alimentação, vestimenta, medicamentos ou animal de estimação. Na floresta Amazônica essa atividade é prática envolvida na história de sua formação social sendo considerada fonte de proteína para subsistência de populações que nela sobrevivem. Com o objetivo de investigar as estratégias de caça e as relações entre a fauna e pessoas que vivem na comunidade de Pini na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, foi feita a caracterização das áreas de caça reconhecidas como manchas pelos caçadores locais, assim como foram utilizadas armadilhas fotográficas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas para registrar a fauna silvestre para saber quais animais são consumidos e em quais quantidades pelos moradores da comunidade com o intuito de colaborar com o plano de manejo da área que está em estudo pela Universidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, através do Núcleo de Altos Estudos amazônicos – NAEA, instituição que está buscando medidas de conservação que garanta o manejo prudente e sustentável dos recursos disponíveis para esta comunidade. Assim, foram identificados três tipos florestais:Terra Firme, Capoeira e Igapó e em todos esses locais havia (comidias) fruteiras. Através das armadilhas fotográficas foram registradas 10 espécies de animais sendo os mamíferos: tatu (Dasypus novemcinctus), cutia (Dasyprocta agouti), veado (Mazama americana), irara (Eira barbara), mucura (Didelphis marsupialis) e para as aves: mutum (Mitu mitu), juriti vermelha (Geotrygon violaceae), gavião (Morphnus guianensis), inambu (Tinamus tao) e jacamim (Psophia creptans). Entre as caçadas, as mais registradas foram de espera com a espingarda sendo a arma mais usada. O peixe foi o alimento mais consumido pelos moradores seguido da caça e dentre os animais registrados entre as entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações diretas e indiretas foram registradas 16 espécies de animais distribuídos em seis ordens e 25 famílias. Entre todos esses animais, as espécies tatu, cutia e inambu foram registrados em todas as técnicas de amostragens e os mamíferos mais abundantes foram: paca, tatu e cutia e para as aves: mutum e inambu e o réptil mais abundante foi tartaruga (Podocnemis expansa). O estudo revelou que mesmo não tendo evidências de sobre-exploração da caça, percebe-se que a fauna caçada está sendo encontrados em manchas mais distantes, portanto, o manejo de caça nesta comunidade pode servir como alternativa econômica de produção de impacto reduzido do ponto de vista social e econômico, podendo existir sustentabilidade desses recursos animais junto à participação social local e esses moradores podem exigir do ICMBio medidas que garantam a autonomia da comunidade, já que o plano é participativo e o envolvimento da sociedade no planejamento sugere medidas de avaliação e fiscalização da exploração de caça pelo órgão competente e isso será de fundamental importância para a manutenção da atividade de caça a níveis sustentáveis desta comunidade da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós.

<p>  </p> <p>Alterations to the historic fire regime have contributed to widespread regeneration failure in <em>Quercus</em> L. (oak) forests of the eastern United States. Composition has shifted from <em>Quercus</em> and other fire-adapted species to dominance by mesophytic species. While land managers often focus efforts on restoring <em>Quercus</em> regeneration, the herbaceous layer experiences reduced cover and diversity of herb and graminoid species resulting from the increased woody stem density in fire-suppressed forests. Declining abundance of <em>Quercus</em> species and diversity in the herbaceous layer reduce the overall habitat quality and ecosystem functions provided by the forest. A combination of overstory harvests and prescribed burning are often conducted to restore the plant community in <em>Quercus</em> forests affected by mesophication. Initiated in 2010, our study on the Hoosier National Forest in Indiana conducted shelterwood and midstory (mechanical, chemical, or none) harvests followed by prescribed burning on a less productive site, while leaving a more productive site unburned. Our objective was to evaluate the survival and competitive response of <em>Quercus</em> spp. within the regeneration layer and whether diversity and cover increased in the herbaceous layer following treatments. Using nested circular plots, we measured seedling survival and resprout response, in addition to regeneration density before and after treatments. We measured the percent cover of herbaceous-layer species within quadrats and calculated species richness, evenness, and diversity. Using multiple mixed-effects models, ANOVA, and NMDS ordination, we evaluated woody species regeneration and herbaceous-layer composition before and after treatments. Post-treatment, monitored <em>Quercus</em> spp. seedlings at the burned site displayed greater survival (> 94%) and resprouting (> 92% of monitored stems), which exceeded most competing species, including<em> Acer</em> spp. (~ 59% survival and resprouting) and <em>Fraxinus americana </em>(72% survival and resprouting). <em>Q. alba</em> seedling (< 3.8 cm DBH) densities doubled after burning; it was one of the most abundant species (9,864 stems ha-1) at the burned site. NMDS ordination indicated a clear shift in regeneration species composition with the burn driving a shift away from mesophytic species towards greater importance of <em>Quercus</em> species. Additionally, our burned site had significantly increased herbaceous-layer richness, Shannon diversity index, and total cover compared to pre-treatment. Percent cover increased across all plant functional groups within the herbaceous layer, with trees/shrubs exhibiting the greatest increase. Herbaceous-layer composition at the burned site significantly shifted toward greater importance of graminoids and herbs post-treatment. Post-treatment, the unburned site contained fewer, and less competitive, <em>Quercus</em> seedlings compared to non-<em>Quercus</em> competitors and displayed no significant compositional shifts in seedling species composition post-harvest. Our unburned site exhibited significant, but minor, increases in herbaceous-layer richness, evenness, diversity, and total cover. Herbaceous-layer composition at the unburned site was significantly different post-treatment, shifting towards greater importance of vines, trees/shrubs, and herbs. The more-productive unburned site would likely require multiple burns to produce adequate competitive <em>Quercus</em> seedlings to perpetuate dominance in the developing stand. Burning would also likely result in greater increases in herbaceous-layer diversity compared to harvesting alone. Conversely, the shelterwood, followed by a single burn, on the less productive site had a more substantial effect on the herbaceous layer, and likely produced an adequate density of <em>Quercus</em> reproduction to ensure future dominance by the genus.</p>

No description available.

Tick populations have been immigrating into northeast Tennessee from east Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and North Carolina. Counties in states bordering northeast Tennessee harbor tick species associated with human illness. Human diseases transmitted by ticks include ehrlichiosis, spotted fever rickettsial group diseases, tularemia, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Lyme disease, alpha-gal syndrome, Heartland virus, Powassan virus, and southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI). These diseases cause morbidity and mortality in human populations and may pose a high risk to individuals, wildlife, and livestock. The Cherokee National Forest covering the east Tennessee border provides a permissible environment for ticks to immigrate and thrive. Residents of northeast Tennessee frequently use the natural environment for a variety of purposes, creating exposure risk at the human-animal-environment interface. This study performed a scoping review and meta-analysis addressing topics informing epidemiological investigation of tick populations. The meta-analysis identified geography, climate, and Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index as the most significant variables associated with northeast Tennessee tick populations. Additionally, tick surveillance in northeast Tennessee counties was performed. These counties included Carter, Greene, Hancock, Hawkins, Johnson, Washington, and Unicoi. Primary tick species present in the summer included the American Dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis); the winter included the Blacklegged/Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis). Canonical correlation analysis was used to identify which environmental variables had the most influence, to what degree, and in a positive or negative direction. Altitude, total forest land, forest canopy, and fraction of surface water area were statistically significant. More altitude was correlated with more clinical cases; less total forest land, canopy, and fraction of surface water area was correlated with less clinical cases. Lastly, species distribution modeling of the invasive Asian longhorned tick was conducted. Study results indicate a low to moderate risk for tick-borne illness exposures among human populations, which is poised to increase. Species distribution modeling and clinical case data reports suggested an increasing exposure risk from improved habitat suitability. Increased risk is related to climate change and tick population growth in metropolitan areas. Finally, surveillance and control methods are summarized for integration into public health interventions.

No description available.

No description available.