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Konstanz, Universiẗat, Bachelorarbeit, 2006.

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Legal regulation of the NATURA 2000 network Abstract The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyse the legal regulation of the Natura 2000 network, namely its creation and its subsequent protection. Natura 2000 is the network that primarily serves to the protection of biodiversity on the territory of the selected protected sites, which is created by the member states of the European Union on their terriotory. The creation and the protection of the Natura 2000 network are based on two major regulations of the secondary EU law, specifically Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds and Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. To achieve the most comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation were used five main chapters, into them is the thesis divided. The first chapter introduces the concept of Natura 2000, it describes the purpose of this network and also the principles on which it is based. The second chapter describes the international legal regulation in relation to the Natura 2000 network, this chapter contains the list of international agreements that are also focused on the nature protection and with that they present the basis for Natura 2000 network. The third chapter relates to the EU...

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The aim of this thesis was to analyze the legal regulation of the creation and protection of the Natura 2000 network from the perspective of international environmental law, the EU law and the Czech law. The thesis is divided into five major chapters. The first chapter explains the concept of Natura 2000 and what are the purposes pursued by the system. The second chapter covers the area of legal regulation in the area of nature protection from the perspective of international law and its relationship to Natura 2000. Next chapter deals with the regulation of the Natura 2000 from the perspective of EU law. The fourth chapter focuses on mapping the decision- making of the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning the Natura 2000 network. The fifth part describes legal regulation of Natura 2000 network from the perspective of the Czech legal order.

Sammanfattning Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda om Mark- och miljööverdomstolen (MÖD) tillgodoser försiktighetsprincipen och EU-rättens krav vid riskbedömningar i Natura 2000-ärenden. Elva svenska rättsfall har analyserats och fyra fall från EU-domstolen. Följande frågor besvaras; -       hänvisar domstolen till begreppet gynnsam bevarandestatus? -       går det att utläsa ur MÖD:s domskäl om försiktighetsprincipen har tillämpats? Natura 2000-regleringen baseras på två EU-direktiv och syftar till att bevara och skydda den biologiska mångfalden inom unionen. Medlemsstaterna åläggs därför att upprätta skyddsområden för de arter och livsmiljöer som är listade i bilagor till direktiven. Medlemsstaterna är skyldiga att inrätta ett förfarande för att pröva verksamheters tillåtlighet inom skyddsområdena. Genom detta förfarande ska de nationella myndigheterna inte tillåta verksamheter som kan skada områdets integritet. Av EU-domstolens rättsfall framgår att tillståndsförfarandet ska tillämpas i ljuset av försiktighetsprincipen. Min analys av rättsfallen visar att MÖD fram till 2011 inte tillgodosett försiktighetsprincipen på ett tillfredställande sätt. Osäkerheter i utredningar angående potentiella skador har förbisetts och i något fall har det inte gått att utläsa om försiktighetsprincipen tillämpats. De två senaste åren har en positiv förändring skett. Domskälen har blivit tydligare, hänvisningar till lagstiftningen har gjorts mer tillfredställande och osäkerheter i utredningarna har lett till att tillstånd inte meddelats. Fortfarande finns dock möjlighet att förtydliga domskälen genom hänvisningar till gynnsam bevarandestatus och bevarandeplaner i aktuella områden.

The issue of spreading invasive plant and animal species is becoming increasingly topical. It is not possible to control the spread of invasive species without appropriate interventions and restrictions. This thesis researches endangering of SCI by selected invasive plant species whose presence was monitored in 2015. An occurrence of invasive plants, depending on the altitude and the area of the invasion in the selected SCI, is compared in this thesis. A suitable proposal limiting the spread of invasive plant species is also considered in this work. Using statistical analyzes the level of threat of the SCI is monitored and also found out whether the protection of habitats that are subjected to protection of the SCI.

The thesis deals with the topic of drought in the context of threats to valuable ecosystems. In the first part are processed different conceptions of drought with respect to its causes and consequences. This part also contains other theoretical bases of this issue. There are solved definitions, species, evaluations, causes and effects of drought, where are discussed in detail the effects of drought on the biota of flowing water. In the first part is also lay out the space for the analysis of the risk of drought to valuable ecosystems. There are also presented and evaluated legislative instrument on drought issues from the perspective of nature and landscape protection and defined the major conflicts of interest in the protection from its effects. The result of the practical part of the work is demarcation of protected locations in the Czech Republic including an outlook to the year 2100. To create the desired result was used ArcGIS program and the results are therefore presented in the form of maps with accompanying comments. The resulting maps of protected areas potentially threatened by drought could serve as a professional basis for further work dealing with this issue.

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