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This study investigated the morpheme acquisition order of Swedish students in grades 6 and 7, utilizing corpus texts drawn from the Uppsala Learner English Corpus (ULEC). It is an extension of Khor (2012) that focused on students in grades 9 and 12. Previous studies on morpheme acquisition order suggested that there was a natural sequence in acquiring morphemes, regardless of first language (L1). First language influence was said to be minimal or non-existing. Recently, studies have found evidence that L1 transfer is greater than first thought. This study examined three morphemes; articles, the preposition in, and plural form. The results showed that the errors that both groups made were consistent with the errors that were found in Khor (2012). The errors were of the same nature in all age groups, mainly in differences in (1) generic and specific usage of articles in Swedish and English, (2) the generic sense of regular plural nouns, (3) plural form of irregular nouns and nouns of Latin or Greek origin, (4) plural forms of countable and misuse of uncountable nouns, and (5) the usage of prepositions in Swedish and English. Current studies have also generated these results, which points towards strong L1 influence. The different usage and the errors suggest that the first language influence is stronger than first described, and consequently, that it influences the acquisition of morphemes. Therefore, the L1 seems to shape the order in which grammatical morphemes are acquired. Learners in one language group seem to learn the morphemes in a specific order, rather than a fixed universal order.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar dois autores fundamentais e imprescindíveis para a área de teoria política, a saber, os judeus-alemães Leo Strauss e Hannah Arendt que vindos da uma Alemanha esfacelada pela guerra e as crises política e sociais que ali se instaurou, erigiram, o que nós hoje conhecemos como teoria política. Especificamente a pesquisa procura analisar os conceitos de ação política e ordem natural (transcendente) imutáveis, que são os conceitos pelos quais eles, Arendt e Strauss, se tornaram conhecidos. Procura-se demonstrar ao longo da investigação que há uma tensão nos conceitos referidos, pois enquanto o conceito de Arendt de ação política se transfigura em aspectos transcendentes da própria ação, o conceito de Strauss de ordem natural imutável adquire traços fortes de ação prático-política. Nos dois casos há, portanto, uma tensão que atravessa os escritos principais de ambos tendo em vista o projeto teórico inicial. O estudo estará concentrado nas principais obras de Leo Strauss e Hannah Arendt dos anos 1950 e que foram escritos nos Estados Unidos, são elas: A condição humana, Sobre a revolução, Direito natural e história e Thoughts on Machiavelli. / The present research aims to investigate two fundamental and indispensable authors for the area of political theory, namely the German-Jews Leo Strauss and Hannah Arendt who come from a war-torn Germany and the political and social crises that were established there, which we now know as political theory. Specifically, the research seeks to analyze the concepts of political action and natural order (transcendent) immutable, which are the concepts by which they, Arendt and Strauss, have become known. It is tried to demonstrate during the investigation that there is a tension in the referred concepts, because while the concept of Arendt of political action is transfigured in transcendent aspects of the own action, the concept of Strauss of immutable natural order acquires strong traces of practical-political action . In both cases there is, therefore, a tension that runs through the main writings of both in view of the initial theoretical project. The study will focus on the major works of Leo Strauss and Hannah Arendt of the 1950s and which were written in the United States, are: The Human Condition, On the Revolution, Natural Law and History and Thoughts on Machiavelli.

The main aim of this paper has been to examine if Swedish students at upper secondary school were able to use the morphemes The progressive –ing, The irregular past and The irregular third person. In addition, it has also addressed if the students examined in this essay were able to use some morphemes better than others. In addition, it concluded if the results found in this paper were in accordance with what other researchers have concluded. The paper is based on essays written by students at upper secondary school that can be found in The Uppsala Learner English Corpus, as well as essays written for the national test by students studying English 6. In the course of the study, it was vital to explain what the natural order actually is as well as what researchers who believe in it claim and what researchers who do not believe in it claim. Consequently, it becomes important to clarify the differences between a cross-sectional study and a longitudinal study. When analysing the essays the program Antconc was used. It is a free corpus analysis program that allows researchers to study several texts at once. Next, to determine if the students had acquired the morphemes, all obligatory contexts where the morphemes should be used were analysed manually. What can be concluded from this paper is that the three morphemes have not been acquired by the students who were examined in this paper. Students could use some forms of the morphemes; however, even in those cases the correct usage in percentage of the morpheme were often not above 85%. These results were quite like the ones found in studies conducted on students at secondary school; this indicates that students at both secondary and upper secondary school do not actually acquire these morphemes fully. What they do acquire are different forms of a specific morpheme that they probably use quite a lot in their writing. / Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka om svenska elever som studerar på gymnasieskolan kunde aktivt använda de engelska morfemen The progressive –ing, The irregular past och The irregular third person. Dessutom har uppsatsen också behandlat om det fanns morfemen som eleverna kunde använda sig bättre av. Den har även jämfört sitt resultat med vad andra forskare har hittat. Uppsatsen är bygd på essäer skrivna av elever på gymnasieskolan som finns att hämta i The Uppsala Learner English Corpus. Dessutom använder den sig av essäer skrivna av elever för det nationella provet i engelska 6. Under studiens gång var det viktigt att förklara vad The natural order är liksom vad forskare säger gällande denna teori. Följaktligen blir det viktigt att klargöra skillnaden mellan en tvärsnittsstudie och en longitudinell studie. Vid analysen av essäerna användes programmet Antconc. Det är ett gratis korpusanalysprogram som tillåter forskare att studera flera texter samtidigt. För att klargöra om eleverna hade förvärvat morfemen var det därefter viktigt att studera alla obligatoriska sammanhang där morfemen måste användas, vilket gjordes manuellt. Det som framgår är att eleverna som granskades i studien inte har förvärvat de tre morfemen. Eleverna kunde använda sig av vissa former av varje morfem, men även i dessa fall var den korrekta användningen i procent oftast inte mer än 85%. Detta resultat var ganska likt de studier som har granskat elever i högstadiet, vilket tyder på att elever i både högstadiet och gymnasiet inte förvärvar dessa morfem fullt ut. I de flesta fall kunde eleverna enbart använda olika former av morfemen.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar dois autores fundamentais e imprescindíveis para a área de teoria política, a saber, os judeus-alemães Leo Strauss e Hannah Arendt que vindos da uma Alemanha esfacelada pela guerra e as crises política e sociais que ali se instaurou, erigiram, o que nós hoje conhecemos como teoria política. Especificamente a pesquisa procura analisar os conceitos de ação política e ordem natural (transcendente) imutáveis, que são os conceitos pelos quais eles, Arendt e Strauss, se tornaram conhecidos. Procura-se demonstrar ao longo da investigação que há uma tensão nos conceitos referidos, pois enquanto o conceito de Arendt de ação política se transfigura em aspectos transcendentes da própria ação, o conceito de Strauss de ordem natural imutável adquire traços fortes de ação prático-política. Nos dois casos há, portanto, uma tensão que atravessa os escritos principais de ambos tendo em vista o projeto teórico inicial. O estudo estará concentrado nas principais obras de Leo Strauss e Hannah Arendt dos anos 1950 e que foram escritos nos Estados Unidos, são elas: A condição humana, Sobre a revolução, Direito natural e história e Thoughts on Machiavelli. / The present research aims to investigate two fundamental and indispensable authors for the area of political theory, namely the German-Jews Leo Strauss and Hannah Arendt who come from a war-torn Germany and the political and social crises that were established there, which we now know as political theory. Specifically, the research seeks to analyze the concepts of political action and natural order (transcendent) immutable, which are the concepts by which they, Arendt and Strauss, have become known. It is tried to demonstrate during the investigation that there is a tension in the referred concepts, because while the concept of Arendt of political action is transfigured in transcendent aspects of the own action, the concept of Strauss of immutable natural order acquires strong traces of practical-political action . In both cases there is, therefore, a tension that runs through the main writings of both in view of the initial theoretical project. The study will focus on the major works of Leo Strauss and Hannah Arendt of the 1950s and which were written in the United States, are: The Human Condition, On the Revolution, Natural Law and History and Thoughts on Machiavelli.