Este trabalho visa resgatar a memória histórica, documental e científica de Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, cientista contratado pela Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro do Estado de São Paulo, em 1904, para encontrar a espécie florestal que melhor se prestaria ao fornecimento de carvão para as locomotivas e madeira para os dormentes das ferrovias. Navarro começou seu trabalho em Jundiaí, onde organizou o primeiro dos dezoito hortos que fundaria para a Companhia. Suas pesquisas, comparando várias espécies nativas e exóticas, mostraram que as diversas espécies de Eucalyptus seriam a melhor opção tanto para o fornecimento de carvão e dormentes quanto para o reflorestamento das porções de floresta nativa que haviam desaparecido. Entre as obras de Navarro, merecem destaque o Museu do Eucalipto, o único do gênero no mundo, que registra em detalhes todo o trabalho desenvolvido pelo cientista, e o Herbário, que guarda preciosidades, como, por exemplo, a coleção de exsicatas, trazidas da Austrália, presente de Joseph Henry Maiden. Os testemunhos documentais dos 37 anos nos quais Navarro foi diretor do Serviço Florestal da Companhia Paulista estão em sua antiga sede, no Horto Florestal de Rio Claro, onde ele desenvolveu suas experiências de melhoramentos genéticos e entomologia e escreveu diversos livros sobre esses assuntos. Em 1941, ano da morte de Navarro, quase 100 milhões de árvores de Eucalyptus de 75 espécies diferentes estavam se desenvolvendo nas plantações dos hortos florestais ao longo da ferrovia. Apesar das muitas críticas que recebeu dos denominados “nacionalistas", que diziam ser o eucalipto extremamente prejudicial ao solo, Navarro pode ser considerado o único conservacionista bem sucedido de sua época. / This work aims to retrieve the historical, documental and scientific record of Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, a scientist employed in 1904 by the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro do Estado de São Paulo in order to determine which variety of tree could be better used for supplying coal to locomotives and wood for railroad ties. Navarro began his work in Jundiaí, where he organized the first of eighteen forest farms he set up for the Companhia. By comparing many native and exotic species, his researches established that Eucalyptus trees would be the best alternative, not only for providing coal and railway ties, but for allowing the reforestation of destroyed portions of the native forest as well. Among Navarro’s most notable scientifical legacies are the worldly unique Museum of the Eucalyptus, which details the scientist’s work, and the Herbarium, that houses certain preciosities such as a collection of exsiccates, a gift by Joseph Henry Maiden brought from Australia. The documental evidence on Navarro’s 37 year period as director of the Serviço Flrestal da Companhia Paulista remains on his old headquarters: the Forest Farm of Rio Claro, where he carried out his experiments on genetic improvements and entomology, and wrote many books on these subjects. In 1941, Navarro’s year of death, almost 100 million eucalyptus trees from 75 different species were growing on forest farms along the railroad. Despite many criticisms he received from so-called “nationalists", who would say that eucalyptus trees were extremely harmful to the soil, Navarro can be considered the only successful preservationist of his time.

Este trabalho visa resgatar a memória histórica, documental e científica de Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, cientista contratado pela Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro do Estado de São Paulo, em 1904, para encontrar a espécie florestal que melhor se prestaria ao fornecimento de carvão para as locomotivas e madeira para os dormentes das ferrovias. Navarro começou seu trabalho em Jundiaí, onde organizou o primeiro dos dezoito hortos que fundaria para a Companhia. Suas pesquisas, comparando várias espécies nativas e exóticas, mostraram que as diversas espécies de Eucalyptus seriam a melhor opção tanto para o fornecimento de carvão e dormentes quanto para o reflorestamento das porções de floresta nativa que haviam desaparecido. Entre as obras de Navarro, merecem destaque o Museu do Eucalipto, o único do gênero no mundo, que registra em detalhes todo o trabalho desenvolvido pelo cientista, e o Herbário, que guarda preciosidades, como, por exemplo, a coleção de exsicatas, trazidas da Austrália, presente de Joseph Henry Maiden. Os testemunhos documentais dos 37 anos nos quais Navarro foi diretor do Serviço Florestal da Companhia Paulista estão em sua antiga sede, no Horto Florestal de Rio Claro, onde ele desenvolveu suas experiências de melhoramentos genéticos e entomologia e escreveu diversos livros sobre esses assuntos. Em 1941, ano da morte de Navarro, quase 100 milhões de árvores de Eucalyptus de 75 espécies diferentes estavam se desenvolvendo nas plantações dos hortos florestais ao longo da ferrovia. Apesar das muitas críticas que recebeu dos denominados “nacionalistas”, que diziam ser o eucalipto extremamente prejudicial ao solo, Navarro pode ser considerado o único conservacionista bem sucedido de sua época. / This work aims to retrieve the historical, documental and scientific record of Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, a scientist employed in 1904 by the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro do Estado de São Paulo in order to determine which variety of tree could be better used for supplying coal to locomotives and wood for railroad ties. Navarro began his work in Jundiaí, where he organized the first of eighteen forest farms he set up for the Companhia. By comparing many native and exotic species, his researches established that Eucalyptus trees would be the best alternative, not only for providing coal and railway ties, but for allowing the reforestation of destroyed portions of the native forest as well. Among Navarro’s most notable scientifical legacies are the worldly unique Museum of the Eucalyptus, which details the scientist’s work, and the Herbarium, that houses certain preciosities such as a collection of exsiccates, a gift by Joseph Henry Maiden brought from Australia. The documental evidence on Navarro’s 37 year period as director of the Serviço Flrestal da Companhia Paulista remains on his old headquarters: the Forest Farm of Rio Claro, where he carried out his experiments on genetic improvements and entomology, and wrote many books on these subjects. In 1941, Navarro’s year of death, almost 100 million eucalyptus trees from 75 different species were growing on forest farms along the railroad. Despite many criticisms he received from so-called “nationalists”, who would say that eucalyptus trees were extremely harmful to the soil, Navarro can be considered the only successful preservationist of his time.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-16. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:55:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000864318.pdf: 1778351 bytes, checksum: c18b9b4c4498e84777dd50fb0d2d8b2c (MD5) / Para o entendimento do balanço de carbono no bioma da Mata Atlântica é prioritária a caracterização das emissões de gás carbônico (CO2) pelo solo, bem como sua correlação com as variáveis ambientais e as características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal caracterizar as taxas de emissão de CO2 no solo, em duas áreas florestais, sobre Argissolo vermelho, dentro do domínio morfoclimático da Mata Atlântica, na Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA), situada no município de Rio Claro - SP. Acrescenta-se ainda a correlação dessas emissões com parâmetros atmosféricos e do solo: pressão, temperatura do ar e do solo, umidade do ar e do solo, condutividade térmica do solo, e a relação C/N, que permitiram a elaboração de um modelo estatístico de regressão linear múltipla para predição da respiração do solo nestas condições. A mensuração dos fluxos de CO2 foi realizada em duas áreas na FEENA localizadas no talhão 23, implantado no ano de 1916, e no talhão 15 reflorestado no ano de 2014. Para as medições foi utilizado um analisador de gás infravermelho (IRGA), modelo Li-840 da marca Li-Cor, acoplado a câmara dinâmica, por meio de bomba de circulação. Em cada área foi instalada uma parcela amostral de 900 m², e dentro delas foram instalados 17 pontos de medição. As emissões de CO2 na área recém reflorestada do talhão 15 variaram entre 0,51 e 2,59 mol CO2 m-2s-1 (média de 1,38 mol CO2 m-2s-1), apresentando correlação linear positiva com a condutividade térmica (r=0,56, p<0,0001), a relação C/N (r=0,28, p<0,05) e o com o horário da coleta (r=0, 33, p<0,05). Já no talhão 23, as emissões variaram de 0,61 a 3,86 mol CO2 m-2s-1 (média de 1,91 mol CO2 m-2s-1), apresentando correlação linear significativa com a umidade do solo (r=0,55, p<0,0001) e a do ar (r=0,28, p<0,05). Considerando as duas áreas mensuradas... / In order to improve the knowledge about the carbon balance in the Atlantic Forest biome, the characterization of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a priority associated to its correlation with environmental variables, and the soil chemistry, physical and biological properties. This study aims to quantify the CO2 emission rates from the soil in two forested areas, stablished over Red Ultisol, located in the morphoclimatic domain of Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Rio Claro-SP. The CO2 emission rates were correlated to atmospheric variables and physical and chemical parameters of the soil, such as air pressure, air and soil temperature and humidity, soil thermal conductivity, and the C/N ratio. Finally develop a statistical model of multiple linear regression for prediction of soil respiration under these conditions. The study area is located in a sustainable conservation area, the State Forest Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA). The measurement of CO2 emissions was performed using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), Li-840 model of Li-Cor brand, coupled to a dynamic chamber by means of a circulation pump, in two areas under different regeneration levels, located in FEENA: plot 23 was planted in 1916, and plot 15 planted in 2014. To measure the CO2 emissions a portion up to 900 m² were demarcated, and within each study area installed 17 measuring points. The soil CO2 emission in plot 15, during summer 2014, ranged from 0,51 mol CO2 m-2s-1 up 2,59 mol CO2 m-2s-1 (average 1.38 mol CO2 m-2s-1) with a significant positive linear correlation with the thermal conductivity (r=0.56, p<0.0001), the C/N ratio (r=0.28, p<0.05), and with the time (r=0.33, p<0.05). Plot 23 soil respiration range between 0.61 mol CO2 m-2s-1and 3.86 mol CO2 m-2s-1(average 1.91 mol CO2 m-2s-1), presenting a significant linear correlation with soil moisture (r=0.55, p<0.0001) and air humidity (r=0.28, p<0.05). The average emissions, considering...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000734223.pdf: 16510154 bytes, checksum: 4c35693fd7646ece67e192e3d8843d25 (MD5) / As características morfométricas têm efeitos relevantes sobre quase todas as variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas de um lago ou reservatório. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar a morfometria e o grau de trofia do reservatório da Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” (FEENA), assim como estimar a variabilidade horizontal das variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas (clorofila-a) na coluna d’água durante um período sazonal e nictemeral. Este estudo apresenta a primeira carta batimétrica do reservatório da FEENA. Os mapas batimétricos e de dispersão horizontal das variáveis estudadas foram gerados utilizando a Geoestatística como ferramenta no tratamento dos dados. Os resultados do levantamento batimétrico demonstraram que o reservatório encontra-se muito raso, principalmente em seu compartimento norte, próximo ao tributário. A profundidade média do reservatório é de 0,86 m e a máxima de 2,16 m. Devido à profundidade reduzida detectou-se grande variabilidade nos padrões de estratificação térmica da coluna d’água durante o monitoramento sazonal e nictemeral. Desta forma, o reservatório foi classificado como polimítico. Os estudos geoestatísticos subsidiaram as análises de caracterização morfométrica e a estimativa da variabilidade horizontal das variáveis no reservatório. O emprego da krigagem ordinária, com o recurso da estimativa de uma medida de dispersão, como o desvio padrão da krigagem, foi de significativa importância para a consistência deste trabalho. Por meio de uma análise comparativa entre os mapas de dispersão horizontal das variáveis clorofila-a, nitrogênio total e fósforo total gerados pela krigagem ordinária, foi possível observar que os níveis mais elevados concentraram-se na região intermediária e próxima ao vertedouro do reservatório, e os menores índices próximo ao tributário. Observa-se, ainda, que os valores de... / The morphometric characteristics have significant effects on almost all physical, chemical and biological characteristics of a lake or reservoir. Accordingly, this study aimed to characterize the morphometry and trophic state of the reservoir State Forest Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA), as well as estimate the horizontal variability of physical, chemical and biological (chlorophyll a) in the column water during a seasonal and diurnal period. This study presents the first bathymetric chart of the FEENA reservoir. The bathymetric and variables dispersion maps were generated using geostatistics as a tool in data processing. Bathymetric survey results showed that the reservoir is silted up very especially in its sector north nears the tributary. The average depth of the reservoir is 0,86 m and the max depth is 2,16 m. Due to the reduced depth was detected high thermal variability of the water column during the diurnal and seasonal monitoring. Thus, the reservoir was ranked as polymitic. Geostatistical studies subsidized the analysis of morphometric characterization and estimation of the horizontal variability of the variables in the reservoir. The use of ordinary kriging, with the resource of estimating a measure of dispersion as the standard deviation of kriging, was of significant importance for the consistency of this work. Through a comparative analysis between the horizontal dispersion maps variable chlorophyll-a, total nitrogen and total phosphorus generated by ordinary kriging, it is observed that the highest levels concentrated in the intermediate region and near the spillway of the reservoir, and lower rates in the proximal portion to the tributary. Was observed also that the values of chlorophyll-a showed a higher correlation with total nitrogen seasonality of the environment in comparison with the total phosphorus. The low values obtained in the N : P ratio indicates that the limitation of primary productivity in the reservoir...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 castanheira_lb_dr_rcla.pdf: 3065548 bytes, checksum: 92f1bb2977f4518d4fee5df481e8761a (MD5) / Esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise qualitativa da densidade e da intensidade da atividade fotossintética da vegetação com possíveis consequências no fluxo de carbono na região da Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” (FEENA), por meio da variação do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI). A FEENA é uma Unidade de Conservação e tem sua maior parte contida na área do município de Rio Claro. A cidade de Rio Claro está localizada no Centro-Leste do Estado de São Paulo, entre as coordenadas 22°05’ de Latitude Sul e 47°55’ de Longitude Oeste de Greenwich. Na análise, foram utilizadas imagens do sensor TM Landsat 5 de 1985 a 2011 e dados de temperatura e pluviosidade no mesmo período nessa região. A análise levou em consideração medidas da Estatística Descritiva de tendência central e de dispersão do NDVI e das variáveis meteorológicas, além de curvas de tendência e correlação. Foram utilizados, como ferramentas, Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), e planilhas eletrônicas. As médias da série temporal do NDVI da FEENA apresentaram amplitude total 0,05 e média geral 0,67. Esses valores indicam que a Floresta manteve nesse período alta densidade e alta intensidade da atividade fotossintética de sua vegetação. Em função disso, pode-se sugerir que ocorreu variação positiva do sequestro de carbono da atmosfera na região. Nesse período a temperatura e a pluviosidade apresentaram comportamento similar em todos os anos. No entanto, não há correlação linear entre a temperatura e o NDVI, tão pouco entre a pluviosidade e o NDVI da FEENA / This research presents a qualitative analysis of the density and intensity of vegetation photosynthetic activity with possible consequences on carbon flux in the region of the State Forest Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA), through the variation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Most of the FEENA, which is a Conservation Until, is located in the area of the municipality of Rio Claro. The city of Rio Claro is located in the Center-East of the State of São Paulo, between the coordinates 22° 05 ' South Latitude and 47° 55 ' Longitude West of Greenwich. In the analysis, images from Landsat 5 TM sensor from 1985 to 2011 and temperature and pluviosity data for the same period in this region were used. The analysis took into account Descriptive Statistics measures of central tendency and dispersion of NDVI and weather variables, besides correlation and trend curves. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and spreadsheets were used as tools. The average of time series NDVI of FEENA showed full range 0.05 and overall average 0.67. These values indicate that high density and high intensity of photosynthetic activity of forest vegetation were stable during this period. Because of this, it can be suggested that increase of carbon sequestration from the atmosphere in the region occurred. In this period, temperature and pluviosity showed similar behavior presenting yearly. However, there is no linear correlation between the temperature and the NDVI and none between the pluviosity and NDVI of the FEENA

This research discusses the changing role of women in Spanish society during the nineteenth century through the works of Francisca Navarro and Joaquina Garcia Balmaseda. The thesis shows the break with the traditional image of the "angel del hogar" and the gradual incorporation of the social changes affecting women which were reflected in the female protagonists of the comedies written by such playwrights. By reading theoretical texts of the emerging feminist theory and through analysis of the main female characters, this study examines the changes regarding the established canon and its own evolution within the nineteenth century, from the works of a pioneer like Francisca Navarro in the first third of the century to those of Joaquina Gracia Balmaseda towards the end of it.

Literary criticism has attacked more than once the romantic historical novel condemning it because it was presenting both at a time historical events and historical fiction, what was, according to some critics, encroaching upon the verisimilitude of the historical facts introduced in this kind of novel as well as diminishing the quality of the fictional story while hindering the process of creativity of the writers. Of course, the historical Spanish novel has also suffered from these pessimistic judgements, but it has been accused too of being in no way original for it was taken mainly as an imitation of Scott's works. We do not share this opinion, however, and think on the contrary that Spain has produced great historical fictions which are original from the standpoint of their plots and their characters. / In the first part of this thesis we will show how the Spanish hero of the historical, romantic novel is far from the model of hero typically depicted by Scott. The main objective of this study will be to define the entity or the masculine Spanish protagonist of the genre in question. For this purpose, we will compare three protagonists, Usdrobal, Macias and Jimeno, from three chosen Spanish novels, between each other and with other secondary characters, especially with their antagonists. The physical and moral aspects will be particularly underlined as we examine, for example, Lavater's science and, at the same, time, the actions, reactions and attitudes of these protagonists. As a result, we will be able to establish their profile and personality. Parallels will also be made, whenever useful, with other significant Spanish and European characters. In this analysis it will be made clear that these romantic beings who suffer terribly throughout their lives are vulnerable and original in opposition to both the traditional and the Scottian heroes.

No description available.

No description available.

L’étude ici présentée porte sur les origines des royaumes de León et de Castille dans la culture historique de l’Espagne médiévale (XIIe-XIIIe siècles). Il s’agit de saisir les fondements politiques de ces royaumes par l’analyse d’un mythe fondateur qui a émergé et s’est construit au sein de la production historiographique du Nord péninsulaire : le mythe néo-wisigothique. Mythe de fondation, cette représentation historique soutient la thèse d’une continuité ethnique, dynastique, idéologique et spirituelle entre le royaume wisigothique de Tolède qui s’effondre lors de l’invasion musulmane de 711 et les royaumes léonais et castillan. À l’occasion du récit des règnes de Witiza et de Rodrigue, les derniers rois des Wisigoths, et des batailles mythifiées du Guadalete et de Covadonga, les chroniqueurs manipulent le discours sur l’histoire et glissent des interpolations qui infléchissent le sens de leurs sources, parvenant à gommer toute solution de continuité entre Rodrigue et le premier restaurateur, Pélage. Ainsi, par un discours aux accents souvent providentialistes, les chroniqueurs contribuent à restaurer la patrie hispanique, que saint Isidore de Séville définit dans son œuvre par l’union entre rex, gens et regnum, et à doter la communauté politique d’une éthique collective, de valeurs idéales et de modèles à imiter. C’est aussi l’apport de l’historiographie du point de vue de la sémiologie socio-historique que nous souhaitons mettre en lumière. Le mythe évolue en fonction du contexte géopolitique et chaque chroniqueur interprète ses sources, surexploitant et politisant ce motif légendaire. Ces variations successives permettent de définir le mythe comme un système imaginaire qui révèle l’intentio des chroniqueurs ou de leurs commanditaires, comme une stratégie doctrinale du pouvoir et même comme le lieu d’un profond débat idéologique.Source de légitimité, le mythe est remployé au service des royaumes en construction au XIIe siècle dans l’Historia legionensis (dite silensis), la Chronica naiarensis et le Libro de las generaciones y linajes de los reyes (olim Liber regum) qui défendent la continuité ethnique et dynastique à León, la continuité idéologique en Castille et la continuité territoriale en Navarre. Au XIIIe siècle, le mythe bascule dans l’idéologie. L’Estoire d’Espagne d’Alphonse X le Sage hérite la vision historique du très léonais Chronicon mundi de Luc de Tuy et du très castillan De rebus Hispaniae de Rodrigue Jiménez de Rada, et lui associe la vision plus globale – et presque « nationale » – du Poema de Fernán González. Le roi Sage voit dans le mythe néo-wisigothique le moyen de légitimer ses prétentions impériales en Espagne et en Europe. / The study hereby presented tackles the origins of the kingdoms of León and Castile in the historic culture of medieval Spain (12th and 13th centuries). The aim is to understand the political bases of these kingdoms by analyzing a founding myth which emerged and took shape within the historiographical production in the north of the peninsula: the neo-Visigoth myth. A founding myth, this historic representation upholds the argument of an ethnic, dynastic, ideological and spiritual continuation between the Visigoth kingdom of Toledo, which collapsed in 711 when it was invaded by the Muslims, and the kingdoms of Léon and Castile. When recounting the stories of the reigns of Witiza and Rodrigo, the last Visigoth kings, and of the mythicised battles of the Guadalete and of Covadonga, chroniclers are manipulating views on history and slip interpolations which modify the meaning of their sources, thereby erasing any possibility of continuation between Rodrigo and Pelagius, the first restorer. Consequently, thanks to a discourse often tinged with providential undertones, the chroniclers help restoring the Hispanic country, which Saint Isidore of Seville defines in his work as the union of rex, gens and regnum, but they also contribute to endowing the political community with collective ethics, ideal values and role models. In addition, we would like to bring to light the contribution of historiography from the point of view of socio-historic semiology. The myth evolves according to the geopolitical context and each chronicler interprets their sources, thus overdoing and politicizing this legendary motif. These successive variations allow us to define the myth as an imaginary system revealing the intentio of the chroniclers or of their sleeping partners, but also as a doctrinal strategy of power, or even as the place for a profound ideological debate.A source of legitimacy, the myth is re-used to serve the kingdoms being founded in the 12th century in the Historia legionensis (also known as silensis), the Chronica naiarensis and the Libro de las generaciones y linajes de los reyes (olim Liber regum) which champion ethnic and dynastic continuation in León, ideological continuation in Castile and territorial continuation in Navarre. In the 13th century, the myth turns into ideology. Estoria de España by Alphonso X the Wise inherits the historical vision of typically Leonese Chronicon mundi by Luc de Tuy and of typically Castilian De rebus Hispaniae by Rodrigue Jiménez de Rada, and a more comprehensive – even almost « national » – vision is associated to it with Poema de Fernán González. The Wise king then starts to see in the neo-Visigoth myth a means to legitimate his imperial claims both in Spain and in Europe.