No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / High yield losses in various crops due to plant-parasitic nematodes are associated with high initial nematode population densities (Pi). Uses of synthetic nematicides to reduce Pi were dependent on the physiological effect of materials on the protected crops, resulting into the coining of pre-emergent and post-emergent nematicides. Crude extracts of wild cucumber (Cucumis myriocarpus) fruit consistently reduced nematode population densities of the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) when used as a post-emergent bio-nematicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the compatibility of crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit when used as a pre-emergent bio-nematicide on germination and emergence of commercially important dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous crops using empirical tests and computer-generated models. Studies were conducted over a period of three years to assess the effects of this material on growth of various seedlings. Seven treatments comprising crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 g/pot) and test solutions (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 g/ℓ distilled water) were used for emergence and germination in initial studies. Generally, 18 days after the treatments, variables measured and levels of crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit had negative quadratic relationships, which suggested that they had density-dependent growth responses. Subsequent studies were conducted using three selected crops each from the families Alliaceae, Gramineae and Solanaceae under greenhouse conditions, each with reduced concentration of 10 treatments (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00 and 2.25 g material/pot). Using variables of various organs and crops, significant means were subjected to the Curve-fitting Allelochemical Dosage Response (CARD) computer model, which was characterised by six biological indices, viz. threshold stimulation (Dm), xli saturation level (Rh), 0% inhibition (D0), 50% inhibition (D50), 100% inhibition (D100) and transformation level (k). The model demonstrated that the responses of the three crops from each family when regressed to dosages of crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit exhibited the density-dependent growth patterns, characterised by responses that included stimulation, saturation and inhibition. The integrated sensitivities (Σk) of the tested crops to crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit ranged from Σk = 9 to Σk = 51, with eggplant (Solanum melongena) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) being the most sensitive, while tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was the least sensitive. Using the data depicting the stimulation range from CARD model, viz. (Dm), which is a threshold stimulation dosage and (Rh), which is a saturation dosage, mean dosage stimulation response (MDSR) was determined for chive (Allium schoenoprasum), leek (Allium ampeloprasum), onion (Allium cepa), maize (Zea mays), millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum, eggplant, pepper (Capsicum annum) and tomato as being 1.19, 0.68, 0.45, 1.13, 0.86, 1.12, 0.74, 1.11, and 0.53 g, respectively. These MDSR values are dosages which when applied for respective crops at direct seeding would not affect germination or emergence. MDSR values were validated for onion, millet and tomato, resulting in approximately 100% suppression of nematodes in all three test crops. In contrast, 100% emergence occurred in millet and tomato, while the validated MDSR reduced emergence on onion by 15%, which confirmed the sensitivity of this crop to crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit. In conclusion, crude extracts of C. myriocarpus fruit have the potential for use as pre-emergent bio-nematicide in suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes in various crops.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 corbani_rz_dr_jabo.pdf: 1269053 bytes, checksum: bdd1f9eb7c4759323348b6f58db3d09d (MD5) / Biocarbo Industria e Comercio / No Japão, uma solução aquosa, referida como extrato pirolenhoso, resultante da carbonização de madeira ou bambu, obtida através da condensação da fumaça, vem sendo estudada com fins agrícolas, inclusive como alternativa para os defensivos químicos convencionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® sobre a eclosão e a atividade de juvenis de segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne. javanica e Tylenchulus semipenetrans, sobre o manejo de populações de nematóides, a campo, em cana-deaçúcar e citros, e em alface sob ambiente protegido. No Laboratório de Nematologia do Departamento de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, foram preparadas câmaras de eclosão para a avaliação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol®, em diferentes concentrações, variando de 0,5% até 2,0%, sobre a eclosão e atividade dos nematóides in vitro. Nos experimentos a campo, as concentrações do produto variaram de 0,5% até 8,0%. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que o extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® reduz a eclosão de juvenis de M. incognita, de M. javanica e de T. semipenetras in vitro e a formação de galhas formadas por M. incognita e por M. javanica em raízes de tomateiro. Nas concentrações de até 4%, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Pratylenchus zeae e Meloidogyne sp. em cana-de-açúcar e de T. semipenetrans em laranjeira “Natal’ enxertada sobre limoeiro cravo. Nas concentrações de até 8,0%, também, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Rotylenchulus reniformis e M. incognita em alface ‘Lucy Brown’, em ambiente protegido. / In Japan, an aqueous solution resulting from the carbonization of wood or bamboo, obtained by the condensation of smoke, referred to as pyroligneous acid has been studied with agricultural purposes, including as an alternative to the conventional chemical control of pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans; as well as on the management of populations of nematodes, at field conditions in sugar cane and citrus and lettuce under protected environment. In Nematology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus of Jaboticabal, hatching chambers were prepared for the evaluation of different concentrations ranging from 0.5 % until 2.0 % of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of the nematodes in vitro. In the field experiments, the concentrations of the product ranged from 0.5% to 8.0%. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test of a 5% probability. Results showed that the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® reduces the hatching of the second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in vitro. Also, reduces the formation of galls by M. incognita and M. Javanica in roots of tomato. At the concentrations of up to 4% was not effective in reducing the population of Pratylenchus zeae and Meloidogyne sp. in sugar cane and of Tyelenchulus semipenetras in orange cv. Natal grafted on Rangpur lime. In concentrations of up to 8,0% has not been effective in reducing the population of Rotylenchulus reniformis and M. incognita in lettuce cv. Lucy Brown in protected environment.

Resumo: No Japão, uma solução aquosa, referida como extrato pirolenhoso, resultante da carbonização de madeira ou bambu, obtida através da condensação da fumaça, vem sendo estudada com fins agrícolas, inclusive como alternativa para os defensivos químicos convencionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® sobre a eclosão e a atividade de juvenis de segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne. javanica e Tylenchulus semipenetrans, sobre o manejo de populações de nematóides, a campo, em cana-deaçúcar e citros, e em alface sob ambiente protegido. No Laboratório de Nematologia do Departamento de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, foram preparadas câmaras de eclosão para a avaliação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol®, em diferentes concentrações, variando de 0,5% até 2,0%, sobre a eclosão e atividade dos nematóides in vitro. Nos experimentos a campo, as concentrações do produto variaram de 0,5% até 8,0%. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que o extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® reduz a eclosão de juvenis de M. incognita, de M. javanica e de T. semipenetras in vitro e a formação de galhas formadas por M. incognita e por M. javanica em raízes de tomateiro. Nas concentrações de até 4%, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Pratylenchus zeae e Meloidogyne sp. em cana-de-açúcar e de T. semipenetrans em laranjeira "Natal' enxertada sobre limoeiro cravo. Nas concentrações de até 8,0%, também, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Rotylenchulus reniformis e M. incognita em alface 'Lucy Brown', em ambiente protegido. / Abstract: In Japan, an aqueous solution resulting from the carbonization of wood or bamboo, obtained by the condensation of smoke, referred to as pyroligneous acid has been studied with agricultural purposes, including as an alternative to the conventional chemical control of pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans; as well as on the management of populations of nematodes, at field conditions in sugar cane and citrus and lettuce under protected environment. In Nematology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus of Jaboticabal, hatching chambers were prepared for the evaluation of different concentrations ranging from 0.5 % until 2.0 % of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of the nematodes in vitro. In the field experiments, the concentrations of the product ranged from 0.5% to 8.0%. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test of a 5% probability. Results showed that the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® reduces the hatching of the second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in vitro. Also, reduces the formation of galls by M. incognita and M. Javanica in roots of tomato. At the concentrations of up to 4% was not effective in reducing the population of Pratylenchus zeae and Meloidogyne sp. in sugar cane and of Tyelenchulus semipenetras in orange cv. Natal grafted on Rangpur lime. In concentrations of up to 8,0% has not been effective in reducing the population of Rotylenchulus reniformis and M. incognita in lettuce cv. Lucy Brown in protected environment. / Orientador: Jaime Maia dos Santos / Coorientador: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta / Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi / Banca: Júlio Cesar Galli / Banca: Clélia Aparecida Iunes Lapera / Banca: Fábio Mazzoneto / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLIAN_DISSERTACAO_decolagem_final_15_05.pdf: 452812 bytes, checksum: 0a6a27eb968740d9082f0cd77e47d0d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cotton seed treatments with Bacillus subtilis and a chemical nematicide (abamectin) on plant development in soils infested with nematodes. For this, the cotton genotypes IAC 25, Deltaopal and Nuopal were cultivated in ceramic pots with 10 kg of soil in a greenhouse. The soils samples were collected from areas under cotton cultivation in western Bahia State infested with Pratylenchus brachyurus and Rotylenchulus reniformis. To evaluate the efficiency of biological control of nematodes with B. subtilis, a previous inoculation of the cotton seeds at the date planting was made comparatively to the reference the application of the nematicide abamectin (AVICTA 500 FS®) in the seeds. After 45 days of cultivation leaf samples were collected for proline and peroxidase analyzes in all treatments. The plants were analyzed 60 days after planting for active nematodes in the root and in the soil. The most susceptible genotype (Deltaopal) showed higher proline content in their leaves. The hypothesis that the B. subtilis could act effectively in the control of the nematodes R. reniformis and P. brachyurus in cotton plants was confirmed in this study. It was also observed that the treatment of cotton seeds with B. subtilis was as efficient as the treatment with the chemical nematicide abamectin. The cotton genotypes responded differently to the chemical and biological control treatments. The effects of the both seed treatments on the reduction of the nematodes and on the plant growth were more pronounced in the soils with higher infestation. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento do algodoeiro em solos infestados com nematoides em função do tratamento de sementes com nematicida químico (abamectina) e Bacillus subtilis. Foram utilizados os genótipos de algodoeiro: IAC 25, Deltaopal e Nuopal. O solo utilizado no experimento foi coletado em área de cultivo de algodoeiro nos Municípios de Luiz Eduardo Magalhães e São Desidério, localizados no Oeste Baiano, com histórico prévio de infestação de Pratylenchus brachyurus e Rotylenchulus reniformis. Para avaliação da eficiência do controle biológico de nematoides com Bacillus subtilis, procedeu-se a inoculação prévia das sementes de algodão no momento da semeadura, utilizando-se também como referência comparativa a aplicação de nematicida de contato Abamectina (AVICTA 500 FS®) nas sementes. Aos 45 dias de cultivo foram coletadas amostras de tecido foliar para realização de análises de prolina e peroxidase nas folhas. O genótipo mais suscetível (Deltaopal) apresentou maior teor de prolina nas folhas. As plantas foram coletadas aos 60 dias após a semeadura para a avaliação de nematoides nas raízes e no solo em cada tratamento. A hipótese de que o B. subtilis possa atuar de forma eficaz no controle dos nematoides (R. reniformis e P. brachyurus) no cultivo do algodoeiro, avaliados neste estudo, foi confirmada. Foi também comprovado que o tratamento com B. subtilis equivaleu-se à eficiência de controle obtido com o uso do nematicida convencional. Os genótipos de algodoeiro responderam de forma diferente aos tratamentos efetuados para controle dos nematoides. O controle de nematoides e o desenvolvimento das plantas em função dos tratamentos efetuados foram mais significativos nos solos com maior infestação de nematoides.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLIAN_DISSERTACAO_decolagem_final_15_05.pdf: 452812 bytes, checksum: 0a6a27eb968740d9082f0cd77e47d0d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cotton seed treatments with Bacillus subtilis and a chemical nematicide (abamectin) on plant development in soils infested with nematodes. For this, the cotton genotypes IAC 25, Deltaopal and Nuopal were cultivated in ceramic pots with 10 kg of soil in a greenhouse. The soils samples were collected from areas under cotton cultivation in western Bahia State infested with Pratylenchus brachyurus and Rotylenchulus reniformis. To evaluate the efficiency of biological control of nematodes with B. subtilis, a previous inoculation of the cotton seeds at the date planting was made comparatively to the reference the application of the nematicide abamectin (AVICTA 500 FS®) in the seeds. After 45 days of cultivation leaf samples were collected for proline and peroxidase analyzes in all treatments. The plants were analyzed 60 days after planting for active nematodes in the root and in the soil. The most susceptible genotype (Deltaopal) showed higher proline content in their leaves. The hypothesis that the B. subtilis could act effectively in the control of the nematodes R. reniformis and P. brachyurus in cotton plants was confirmed in this study. It was also observed that the treatment of cotton seeds with B. subtilis was as efficient as the treatment with the chemical nematicide abamectin. The cotton genotypes responded differently to the chemical and biological control treatments. The effects of the both seed treatments on the reduction of the nematodes and on the plant growth were more pronounced in the soils with higher infestation. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento do algodoeiro em solos infestados com nematoides em função do tratamento de sementes com nematicida químico (abamectina) e Bacillus subtilis. Foram utilizados os genótipos de algodoeiro: IAC 25, Deltaopal e Nuopal. O solo utilizado no experimento foi coletado em área de cultivo de algodoeiro nos Municípios de Luiz Eduardo Magalhães e São Desidério, localizados no Oeste Baiano, com histórico prévio de infestação de Pratylenchus brachyurus e Rotylenchulus reniformis. Para avaliação da eficiência do controle biológico de nematoides com Bacillus subtilis, procedeu-se a inoculação prévia das sementes de algodão no momento da semeadura, utilizando-se também como referência comparativa a aplicação de nematicida de contato Abamectina (AVICTA 500 FS®) nas sementes. Aos 45 dias de cultivo foram coletadas amostras de tecido foliar para realização de análises de prolina e peroxidase nas folhas. O genótipo mais suscetível (Deltaopal) apresentou maior teor de prolina nas folhas. As plantas foram coletadas aos 60 dias após a semeadura para a avaliação de nematoides nas raízes e no solo em cada tratamento. A hipótese de que o B. subtilis possa atuar de forma eficaz no controle dos nematoides (R. reniformis e P. brachyurus) no cultivo do algodoeiro, avaliados neste estudo, foi confirmada. Foi também comprovado que o tratamento com B. subtilis equivaleu-se à eficiência de controle obtido com o uso do nematicida convencional. Os genótipos de algodoeiro responderam de forma diferente aos tratamentos efetuados para controle dos nematoides. O controle de nematoides e o desenvolvimento das plantas em função dos tratamentos efetuados foram mais significativos nos solos com maior infestação de nematoides.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Paulino da Cruz.pdf: 1055660 bytes, checksum: 58a56273fc2f252688911c2700a070e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / The decline of guava has been responsible for the eradication of many orchards nationwide, resulting in high economic loss to producers. Due to increasing pressure from society for healthier products, free from chemicals and to increase the importance of essential oils in the management of plant diseases, the aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and fungitoxic evaluate the effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora (eucalyptus), E. grandis (eucalyptus), Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass), Cymbopogon winterianus (lemongrass), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon), Eucalyptus commercial Rosmarinos officinalis (rosemary), Ocimum gratissimum (basil-clove) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove india ) on three isolates of Fusarium solani and M. enterolobii. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus, and its yield was determined relative to the dry weight of the plant. The analysis by gas chromatography and gas chromatography with mass detector of essential oils led to the identification of compounds. To evaluate the effect of essential oils on mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of spores of the fungus were used aliquots of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 μl of essential oils that were distributed on the surface of PDA culture medium contained in Petri dishes before subculturing the fungus. To evaluate the effect of oil on hatching and mortality of second stage juveniles (J2) of the nematode were used aqueous suspensions containing 200 eggs or 200 J2 which were added in the same rates of essential oils from botanicals mencinadas the previously. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 9 x 6 + 1, (nine oils, six aliquots and an additional control) with 5 repetitions. The lowest rate of essential oils of clove, cinnamon and clove basil-inhibited by more than 90% spore germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of the fungus isolates as well as the emergence of J2, as for oils eucalyptus, lemongrass, citronella inhibition was greater than 90% from the rate of 15 μl, rosemary oil showed the worst result in 50% inhibiting the development of the fungus isolates / O declínio da goiabeira tem sido responsável pela erradicação de muitos pomares em âmbito nacional, o que resulta em elevada perda econômica aos produtores. Devido a crescente pressão da sociedade por produtos mais saudáveis, livres de produtos químicos e com aumento da importância dos óleos essenciais no manejo de doenças de plantas, objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a composição química e avaliar os efeitos fungitóxicos dos óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus citriodora (eucalipto), E. grandis (eucalipto), Cymbopogon citratus (capim-limão), Cymbopogon winterianus (citronela), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Canela), Eucalipto comercial, Rosmarinos officinalis (alecrim), Ocimum gratissimum (alfavaca-cravo) e Syzygium aromaticum (cravo-da-india) sobre três isolados de Fusarium solani e M. enterolobii. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação, utilizando um aparelho tipo Clevenger, e o seu rendimento foi determinado em relação à massa seca da planta. As análises de cromatografia gasosa e cromatografia gasosa com detector de massas de óleos essenciais levaram à identificação dos compostos. Para avaliar o efeito dos óleos essenciais no crescimento micelial, esporulação e germinação de esporos do fungo, foram utilizadas alíquotas de 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 e 30 μL dos óleos essenciais que foram distribuídas na superfície do meio de cultura BDA contido em placas de Petri antes da repicagem do fungo. Para a avaliação do efeito dos óleos sobre a eclosão e mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) do nematóide foram utilizadas suspensões aquosas contendo 200 ovos ou 200 J2 nas quais foram adicionadas as mesmas alíquotas dos óleos essenciais das espécies botânicas mencinadas anteirormente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado num esquema fatorial 9 x 6 + 1, (nove óleos, seis aliquotas e uma testemunha adicional) com 5 repetições. A menor alíquota dos óleos essenciais de cravo-da-índia, canela e alfavaca-cravo inibiram em mais de 90% a germinação de esporos, o crescimento micelial e a esporulação dos isolados do fungo assim como a eclosão de J2, já para os óleos de eucalipto, capim limão, citronela a inibição foi superior a 90% a partir da alíquota de 15 μl, o óleo de alecrim foi o que apresentou o pior resultado inibindo em 50% o desenvolvimento dos isolados do fungo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_adhemar_antonio_de_oliveira_junior.pdf: 235690 bytes, checksum: fdf540bfb4ba71eeef37d73bd6b35be8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-18 / The products to be applied in the disinfestation of seed shall provide sufficient protection to seed as much as the seedlings in the field, keeping the fungi, insects and nematodes properly controlled. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effect immediate and latent product Avicta Complete® Pack (with fungicide, insecticide and nematicide action) on the physiological quality of hybrid maize seed. Was used six hybrids from Pioneer Company: 30K73, 30F35, 30F80, 30K75, 30R50 and 32R22. The seeds were submitted to the following health treatments: 1) control, 2) Avicta Complete®, 3) overdose Avicta Complete® 100%, and then stored at room temperature and cold chamber (100 C and 60% RH) for 350 days. The evaluations were performed at 50, 150, 250 and 350 days, and the characteristics evaluated: germination, cold test and accelerated aging. Assays were performed at the Laboratory of Seeds of Tropical Breeding and Genetics Company and the data were subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical program Sisvar® (FERREIRA, 2000). Data were analyzed according to statistical analysis on the isolated effect of the products and environment interaction / storage in which we obtained the following conclusions: the reduction of the physiological quality of corn seeds varied depending on the treatment of the hybrid and the time that seeds remain stored after treatment and the reduction of physiological seed quality intensified with prolonged storage of the treated seed, it is validating therefore the secure processing and storage Avicta Complete® Pack with up to 250 days, which helps the management of treatment on seed processing units in Seed Corn Companies. / Os produtos a serem aplicados no tratamento sanitário de sementes devem oferecer proteção suficiente tanto às sementes como às plântulas no campo, mantendo os fungos, insetos e nematóides devidamente controlados. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o possível efeito imediato e latente do produto Avicta Completo (ação fungicida, inseticida e nematicida) sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho híbrido. Foram utilizandos seis híbridos da empresa Pioneer: 30K73; 30F35; 30F80; 30K75; 30R50 e 32R22. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos sanitários: 1) testemunha, 2) Avicta Completo®, 3) Superdosagem de Avicta Completo® 100%, sendo então armazenadas em temperatura ambiente e câmara fria(10oC e 60% de Umidade Relativa) por 350 dias. As avaliações foram feitas aos 50, 150, 250 e 350 dias, sendo as características avaliadas: germinação, teste de frio e envelhecimento acelerado. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Sementes da empresa Tropical Melhoramento e Genética e os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, utilizando-se o programa estatístico Sisvar® (FERREIRA, 2000). Os dados foram discutidos conforme análise estatística sobre o efeito isolado dos produtos e a interação ambiente/armazenamento no qual se obteve as seguintes conclusões: A redução da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho variou em função do tratamento, do híbrido e do tempo em que as sementes permaneceram armazenadas após o tratamento e a redução da qualidade fisiológica das sementes intensificou-se com prolongamento do armazenamento das sementes tratadas, validando, portanto, a segurança do tratamento e armazenamento com Avicta Completo até 250 dias, o que ajuda ao gerenciamento do tratamento nas unidades de beneficiamento de sementes das empresas produtoras de sementes de milho.

No description available.

Les alcaloïdes canthin-6-one, 5-méthoxy-canthin-6-one et N-oxyde de canthin-6-one ainsi que l’alkylamide sanshool et trois coumarines ont été identifiés et quantifiés des écorces, feuilles (dans ce cas une étude annuelle a été menée), fruits et racines de Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium (Rutaceae) récoltée en Amérique du Sud. Divers analogues de la canthin-6-one ont été obtenus par hémisynthèse en exploitant la réactivité de l’azote pyridinique N-3. De nouveaux analogues ont été synthétisés à partir de différentes tryptamines et anhydrides fonctionnalisés. La mise au point de nouvelles voies de synthèse, permettant leur obtention en 3 ou 4 étapes avec de bons rendements, a permis notamment de retracer toute la voie de biosynthèse de ces alcaloïdes. La stratégie de synthèse a, ensuite, été spécifiquement adaptée à la synthèse de molécules à motifs prénylés. L’activité antituberculeuse, l’activité antiproliférative sur cellules souches cancéreuses, ainsi que plusieurs activités antiparasitaires (maladie de Chagas, paludisme, activité nématicide) ont été étudiées et divers mécanismes d’action proposés. Finalement, nous avons réalisé une étude originale d’électrochimie sur des canthinones ainsi que les premiers essais de formulation galénique avec cette famille d’alcaloïdes. / The alkaloids canthin-6-one, 5-methoxy-canthin-6-one and canthin-6-one Noxide,as well as the alkylamide sanshool and three known coumarines were identified and quantified from stem bark, leaves (in this case an annual analysis was conducted), fruits and roots of Zanthoxylum chiloperone var. angustifolium (Rutaceae) collected in South America. Some canthin-6-one derivates were prepared by hemisynthesis by exploring the N-3 reactivity of the pyridine nitrogen. Other new derivates were prepared from different tryptamines and some functionalized anhydrides by an efficient new synthetic route (3 or 4 steps) in good overall yields. The biosynthetic pathway of the canthin-6-one was also chemically explored.Furthermore, this work has prompted us to explore the reactivity of some prenylated derivates of canthin-6-one and serotonin. The antitubercular activity, the antiproliferative activity on cancer stem cells and several antiparasitic activities (Chagas disease, malaria, nematicidal activity) were studied and various mechanisms of action proposed. Finally, an original study of the electrochemical behaviour of canthinones has been investigated and a pharmaceutical formulation was achieved.